Some fossil skeletons of Therizinosauridae dinosaurs were found in Cretaceous Zhongdai and Laijia Formations in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province. It was proved that their distribution areas were spread in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, western area in North America, and northern, northeastern, southern and eastern areas in China. According to the fossils found and studies for over a century, the puzzled paleontologists by the confusing animals for many years discovered and revealed gradually their evolution course, that was evolved successfully from carnivore to mainly vegetarian, or probably both, became euryphagous dinosaurs. The dinosaurs were distributed widely in various environments during Cretaceous period. The pneumaticity in vertebrae of Tiantaisaurus sifengensis found in Tiantai Basin of Zhejiang Province in eastern China suggested that the dinosaurs with big creatures were not bulky and their vertebrae was similar to that of the present birds. Although the pneumaticity of vertebrae of dinosaurs could not determine its acting respiratory system like present birds, yet it undoubtedly benefited the creatures' weight loss and enhanced its flexibility of activity. Then, it could be confirmed that many dinosaurs and birds were closely related during their evolution.

Thousands of fossil bones and eggs of dinosaurs have been found from the Laijia and Chichengshan formations(Aptian and Cenomanian) of the Tiantai Basin of Zhejiang Province,eastern China.We revised the dinosaur fossil strata of the Tiantai basin based on stratigraphic measurements of several sections.Dinosaurs recovered from the Tiantai Basin include sauropods,hadrosaurs,segnosaurs,ankylosaurs,oviraptorids,troodontids and tyrannosaurs,indicating that the paleoenvironments in the Tiantai Basin were suitable for dinosaurs.Seasonal flash floods and overflowed rivers,when carrying fine-grained sediments,often rapidly buried the eggs to preserved them in the fossil record.The Cretaceous strata in the Tiantai Basin are among those with the most abundant fossil eggs in the world.

Recently hundreds and thousands of fossil eggs were unearthed from the Cretaceous sequence in Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. The Dendroolithus dendriticus discovered from Upper Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation (zircon U-Pb data approximately 92Ma) was a species of the most familiar among those fossil eggs and is identified as the eggs laid by a hadrosaur based on comparisons with ones that is similar egg shell fragments and contained fossilized embryo bones from Xixia Basin, Henan Province, middle China, though any hadrosaur's skull or skeleton has not yet been found in eastern China so far. According to the taxonomy of hadrosaur at present, their fossil eggs should be classified as follows:Suborder Ornithopoda Marsh, 1881—Spheroolithineae oosubord. nov.Superfamily Hadrosauroidea Cope, 1869—Dendroolithoidea oosuperfam. nov.Family Hadrosauridae Cope, 1869—Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li, 1988Spheroolithineae oosubord. nov.Diagnosis. -spheric or flat spheric eggs were laid optionally in a nest.Horizon. -The Triassic to CretaceousDendroolithoidea oosuperfam. nov.Diagnosis. -The eggs were flat spherical and were laid optionally in a nest. The eggshell was rough in the exterior surface and was consisted of two basic layers:outer prismatic and inner mammillary layers. Pore canals branched off mightily.Horizon. -CretaceousOofamily Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li, 1988 Diagnosis and Horizon. -As for oosuperfamily.Oogenus Dendroolithus Zhao and Li, 1988 Type oospecies Dendroolithus wangdianensis Zhao and Li, 1988 Dendroolithus dendriticus Fang et al.,1998 Diagnosis. -The eggs were flat spherical or subspherical in shape, with the diameter of 130mm~140mm and height of about 60mm. The eggshell, rough in the exterior surface and little sleek in the interior surface, was 1mm thick and consisted of two basic layers:outer prismatic and inner mammillary layers. Prisms with growth lines were various in shape and arranged wide-space, and merged together in near exterior surface of the eggshell. The mammillae and prisms were without a diagnosis of borderline between them. A mammilla was wide-rounded and the basal spherolite with radiate crystal lines. Pore canals wide and branched off mightily, and constringed in near exterior surface of the eggshell.Locality and Horizon:Suangtang, Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province. Upper Cretaceous Chichengshan FormationWhich was the hadrosaur laid the Dendroolithus dendriticus in Tiantai Basin? Of excavated known fossil hadrosaurs and doubting hadrosaurs from eastern Asia, except specimens of Tanius, Gilmoreosaurus, Microhadrosaurus, Barsboldia and Nanningosaurus et al. were too fragmentized to reconstruct their appearances, suspects may include Mandschurosaurus, Nipponosaurus, Amurosaurus, Charonosaurus, Olorotitan, Bactrosaurus, Shantungosaurus, Tsintaosaurus and Zhuchengosaurus et al. According to known sizes of fossilized skeleton and eggs of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri and Maiasaura peeblesorum from North America, the length of a hadrosaur laid Dendroolithus dendriticus in Tiantai Basin was less than 7m ( about 21ft. ), and species of the suspicion were just Nipponosaurus sachalinensis, Amurosaurus riabinini and Bactrosaurus johnsoni from Manchuria and Mongolia-Inner Mongolia. However, these three species were too far to nest, lay eggs and hatch in Tiantai Basin (of course, not rule out the possibility of their long-distance migration, though thers was no evidence heretofore). So the hadrosaur laid the Dendroolithus dendriticus likely was an undiscovered species. Furthermore, all of the Dendroolithus dendriticus were flat spherical eggs, and suggested that their eggshell were flexible as that of some modern reptiles, and would be transmogrified by gravity.

Thousands of well-preserved fossil eggs in nests and few fragmentary fossil skeletons of dinosaurs have been found from Cretaceous Chaochuan,Zhongdai,Jinhua,Laijia and Chichengshan formations in Tiantai,Yongkang,Dongyang,Lishui,Jinyun,Jinhua and Jiangshan et al.,Zhejiang Province.Tyrannosaurs,troodontids,oviraptorids,hadrosaurs,segnosaurs,titanosaurs,ankylosaurs and nodosaurs have been identified from these fossils,and suggested various dinosaurs occur in Zhejiang during Cretaceous Period.Based on paleogeographical,sedimentary and taphonomic characteristics,there were numbers of torridity basins surround by mountains,where various dinosaurs lived and nested near rivers and lakes.When seasonal flood came,eggs in nest were submerged and sealed up by mud and sand carried by floodwater,and ultimately becam fossils by diagenesis,while dinosaurs escaped before flood came,or their reliquiae scattered by floodwater.

通过对天台县赤城街道塔后废弃矿山生态环境治理工程的施工实践,简要介绍了工程的施工工艺,并切实总结了几点体会。

The silver-polymetallic deposits,existed in Mesozoic volcanic depression basin of Tianshan County,are controlled by regional faults and subvolcanic rocks.The Dalingkou silver-polymetallic deposit,located at south of Tiantai basin,is a veinlet-disseminated type polymetallic deposit.According to the analysis on the orebody form,characteristics of geological structure,wallrock alteration and mineralization zoning phenomenon of metal elements,it points out the prospecting direction of polymetallic deposits in continental facies volcanic basin and its exterior edge,namely,the Tantou and Peishan in Tiantai depression basin are expected to be favorable potential areas for prospecting.

The unique nesting and egg-laying behaviors of troodontids differ from those of other dinosaurs in that troodontids laid their eggs standing up in sands or muddy soil.The clutches of fossil troodontid eggs have been unearthed from the Mid-Upper Cretaceous sedimentary sequences in Inner Mongolia,Henan and Guangdong.The fossil skeletons of troodontid were found in the Lower Cretaceous strata of Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces.Here,we describe a clutch of fossil troodontid eggs in the Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation from Tiantai Basin,Zhejiang Province.The specimens we discovered indicate that the troodontid egg-shell was as rigid as that of some modern bird eggs and was sufficiently strong to resist the pressure while the egg was forced into sands and muddy soil when it was laid.Most other dinosaur eggshells,in contrast,were stretchable as some modern reptile eggs.Dinosaur eggs with stretchable egg-shell are preserved as flattened,circular or oval in outline.In other words,the procreant system of troodontid resembled,to some extent,some modern birds in egg-shell formation.More-over,the troodontid eggs in nest stood aslant more or less outwards.This suggested that an adult female troodontid faced outwards while laying eggs vigilantly.This behavior could be an adaptation to severe competition.

The giant fossil eggs,Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis,laid by huge tyrannosaurs were recently discovered from Late Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation(approximately 92Ma) in Tiantai County of Zhejiang Province,though some of their fossil skull or skeleton has not yet been found in eastern China so far.Based on the taxonomy of tyrannosaurs at present,the taxonomy of their fossil egg can be proposed accordingly,i.e.Suborder: Theropoda Marsh,1881——Elongatoolithineae oosubord.nov.Superfamily: Tyrannosauroidea Osborn,1905——Macroelongatoolithoidea oosuperfam.nov.Family: Tyrannosauridae Osborn,1905——Macroelongatoolithidae oofam.nov.Elongatoolithineae oosubord.nov.Diagnosis——elliptic elongated eggs were laid in pairs and arranged abreast around a circle in a nest.Horizon——The Triassic to Cretaceous Macroelongatoolithoidea oosuperfam.nov.Diagnosis——giant flat and elliptic elongated eggs were laid in pairs and arranged abreast around a circle in a nest.Horizon——Cretaceous Macroelongatoolithidae oofam.nov.Diagnosis and Horizon——As for oosuperfamily.Oogenus Macroelongatoolithus Li et al.,1995 Type oospecies Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis Li et al.,1995 Synonymy.2000 Macroelongatoolithus zhangi Fang et al.Which is the tyrannosaur laid the giant Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis? Of excavated fossil tyrannosaurs from eastern Asia,an adult Guanlong and an adult Dilong were apparently too small,only 3m and 1.6m long respectively,to lay giant eggs,and it was of old age,approximately 160Ma and 130Ma respectively.An adult Alectrosaurus and an adult Alioramus were 5 m~6m long respectively,and perhaps not huge enough to lay such enormous eggs.No other than a Tarbosaurus,which an adult was more than 10 m long,was an imaginabale suspect laid these giant eggs.However all known Tarbosaurus were from terminal Cretaceous Maastrichtian(71Ma~65Ma),and were not identical with Macroelongatoolithus from early Late Cretaceous Turonian(approximately 92Ma).It is possible that the period of Tarbosaurus perhaps was extended to 92Ma,or other unknown huge tyrannosaurs laid these giant eggs in 92Ma.The binate Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis presented in a nest indicated that the adult female tyrannosaur produced two eggs once in her nest as other theropod,i.e.they had a pair of functional oviducts.All of Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis,furthermore,were flat oval and suggested that their eggshell were flexible as that of some modern reptiles.These eggs would be transmogrified by gravity,especially giant eggs as Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis.

<正>从7月中旬到9月上旬,在短短50多天的时间里,天台县先后遭受海棠、麦莎、泰利、卡努 等4个台风的正面袭击或影响,多个乡镇发生山体崩塌、滑坡与泥石流,直接危及群众生命财产 的有24处,损坏房屋122．5间,504人受到威胁。随后进行的应急调查表明,山区农民削坡建房是 产生地质灾害的主要原因,在新增的20处地质灾害点中,17处均缘于此,占85％。为此建议如 下: