目的 了解万州区学校课间饮用水的卫生状况,为改善课间饮用水卫生质量提供依据.方法 采用分层和随机抽样方法 分别对各类学校进行抽样监测,检测课间饮用水微生物污染情况.结果 共检测学校课间饮用水184份,合格111份,合格率为60.33％.其中采用管道直饮水的学校检测48份水样,合格27份,合格率为56.25％;采用桶装饮用水的学校检测136份水样,合格84份,合格率为61.76％.采用直饮水的学校不同季节水样总合格率差异没有统计学意义(χ2=2.116,P>0.05);采用桶装水的学校中不同季节水样总合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.114,P>0.05),但铜绿假单胞菌的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.403,P<0.05).结论 万州区学校课间饮用水微生物污染情况比较严重,应加强学校饮水设备管理和饮用水卫生监督工作.

Objective:To understand the blood lead level and its influencing factors among 3~5 years old children in Wanzhou district.Methods: On the basis of questionnaire,the contents of blood lead for these children were detected and the data were analyzed.Results: The average lead content for 183 surveyed children was 53.22 μg/L;the average blood lead for those children living in the houses decorated within one year was 63.44 μg/L,significantly higher than the average blood lead content of children investigated;the average blood lead content for those children with growth retardation was 65.12 μg/L,which was also significantly higher than the average blood lead content of children investigated.Conclusion: Among all the environmental and behavioral factors,housing decoration was the main factor causing higher blood lead levels in children,and increase of blood lead level could also lead to growth retardation in children.

<正>近年来,食品安全问题引起世界各国广泛关注,食品污染导致的食品安全问题是关系到人民健康的重大公共卫生问题。为了解和掌握渝东片区食品中铅、镉、汞等重金属的污染水平,为食品卫生监督执法工作及食品相关标准的修订提供科学依据,我们于2011年开展了渝东片区食品中铅、镉、汞监测工作。1材料与方法1.1样品来源随机抽取忠县、巫山、巫溪、万州、开县各大农贸市场和超

<正>铅、镉、汞等重金属广泛存在于自然界中且不容易降解,除人为因素外无论在大气还是水体和土壤中的含量都非常低,一般不会对人体产生严重危害。然而,一旦环境受到污染,它们就在生物体内富集,并通过食物链使其含量在各级生物体内不断增高,最终导致人类急慢性中毒。猪肉和猪肝、猪肾是我们喜食的主要肉类食材,因此其重金属污染程度直接

Objective:To understand different people′s specific antibody level of immunization,the differences and the adverse reactions one year after the inoculation of influenza A H1N1 vaccine.Methods:People who have been inoculated one year ago in different ages and sexes were selected as the objects of study,and their blood samples were collected to measure the specific antibody titer of influenza A H1N1 by hemagglutination-inhibition test.Results:The positive rate of antibody of those people who have been inoculated one year ago is 76.78%.Among them,the positive rates of antibody of two age groups who are from 10 to 17 and from 22 to 55 are 61.84% and 89.80% respectively.The positive rates of antibody of different sexes are 78.95%(male) and 75.00%(female) respectively.The adverse effects incidence is 4.17%.Conclusion:The adverse effects incidence is quite low and there is no serious adverse reaction;and the sheltering effect of the vaccine to those people who have been inoculated one year ago does not decline obviously.

随着我国车辆的普及,酒后驾车相关的交通肇事案件呈上升趋势.交通执法部门及法医在处理此案件时,除作全面的现场勘察及调查外,对体内血液中乙醇含量的测定至关重要."中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准"(GA/T05-1995)~1提供了顶空气相色谱法对血中乙醇的定性定量分析方法.本文对该法进行了研究,摸索出适用于基层检测机构的检测方法.

目的:通过流行病学及实验室检测结果分析中毒原因。方法:参照GB/T4789.4-2008方法对病人肛拭、剩余食物进行病原学检测,对检出的致病菌进一步作血清学分型和生化鉴定。结果:从剩余食物皮蛋中检出1株鼠伤寒沙门菌。结论:虽然因为病人在采样前已使用了抗菌素我们没能从肛拭样品中分离出病原菌,但结合流调资料及临床表现我们判定本起食物中毒仍系食用被鼠伤寒沙门菌污染的皮蛋引起的。

我国的油脂工业已普遍采用溶剂浸出法制取食用植物油[2].所谓溶剂残留即指在浸出法制取的成品油中所残存的微量生产性溶剂.这种溶剂为多种烃类所组成,就其主体成分为烷烃(占80.2%)和环烷烃(占18%)[3],它主要侵害人体的中枢神经,使神经细胞内的类脂平衡失调.

霍乱疫情的发生具有传播快、波及面广的特点,因此疫情一旦爆发所需进行病原学诊断的标本种类多,数量大[1].然而基层防疫部门由于条件限制常常在疫情发生时会出现物资短缺现象,特别是诊断血清的需求与供给的矛盾尤其突出,为了缓解这一矛盾,我们尝试在血清凝集试验前用粘丝试验对可疑菌株进行初筛[2].实验研究证明粘丝试验能在排除了绝大部分杂菌的同时无假阴性结果发生,从而既大大降低了血清凝集试验的样本数量又保证了鉴定结果的准确性.

麻辣鲜,是含有辣椒、花椒、植物油、甜面酱及多种香辛料的一种调料.厂家为了延长其保存时间,常在产品中加入防腐剂.麻辣鲜中的防腐剂,我们用国标GB/T 5009.29-2003中第一法采用酸性乙醚萃取、浓缩,气相色谱法检测,测得的回收率很低,不能应用于实际检测工作;第二法高效液相色谱法(HPLC),标准仅列出汽水、果汁、酒类等几种简单的不含油脂食品的检测.为了能满足工作的需要,我们参考资料[1]中样品前处理方法处理样品,用HPLC对麻辣鲜中苯甲酸及山梨酸进行了检测,结果比较满意,现报告如下:

三卤甲烷、四氯化碳是水中常见消毒副产物,当水中三卤甲烷、四氯化碳浓度过高时会对人体产生危害.因此,按GB5749-2006的规定,我们开展了三卤甲烷和四氯化碳检测工作,为了提高检测工作效率,我们对仪器使用条件进行了反复探索,获得了比较满意的结果.

防腐剂是用以保持食品原有品质和营养价值为目的的食品添加剂,它能抑制微生物活动、防止食品腐败变质从而延长保质期.最常用的防腐剂有苯甲酸、山梨酸等.由于目前使用的防腐剂大多是人工合成的,超标准使用会对人体造成一定损害.因此国家制定了<食品添加剂使用卫生标准>(GB2760-1996)[1]

目的:明确中毒原因,抢救中毒患者,加强中毒事件的预防和控制。方法:使用气相色谱法对可疑食物进行本地常见十二种有机磷农药残留检测。结果:从空心菜中检出其高残留量的甲胺磷。结论:综合临床表现、现场调查及实验室检测结果分析,我们认为本次中毒事件为食用残留有高含量甲胺磷的空心菜引起的食物中毒。

Objective:To explore the detecting method for food addictives such as saccharimeter sodium,benzenecarboxylic acid and sorbic acid with high efficiency liquid chromatography.Methods:The precipitating agents were added into the samples to precipitate macromolecular substances like protein,followed by regulating pH value to 7.After the supernatant fluid was filtered with 0.45 μm filter membrane,20 μl prepared sample was taken for food addictives detection.Meanwhile,spike recovery test was performed.Results:The prepared sample was detected for its food addictives for 7 times with all the coefficient variations being less than 2%.Additionally,the spike recovery rate ranged from 96.6% to 100.7%.With high efficiency liquid chromatography,the detected lower limit was no more than 0.006 g/kg.Conclusion:High efficiency liquid chromatography has favorable reproducibility,high sensitivity and high degree of accuracy with simple and rapid manipulation.One sample can be detected within 7 min with the experimental methodl.

Objective:Understanding the situation about the residual organic phosphor pesticides in the local vegetables and fruits can make the related departments strengthen the management of production,sale and use of pesticides and provide the scientific gist for improving the sanitary quality of farm produce.Methods:To examine the twelve common residual organic phosphor pesticides in the local vegetables and fruits according to the state standard measurements,then,analyze and evaluate the results according to the state sanitary criterion.Results:There were ten organic phosphor pesticides in ninety samples.Among them,there were eight superscale organic phosphor pesticides,while there were sixty-one eligible samples,the rate of eligibility was 67.8%.Conclusion:It is very serious that the wrongly use and misuse of the organic phosphor pesticides in producing the local vegetables and fruits.

目的:建立铅镉示波极谱测定方法。方法:用示波极谱法测定食品中的铅、镉。结果:铅、镉离子在盐酸-碘化钾-酒石酸钾钠-抗坏血酸底液中有一尖锐、灵敏的络合吸附波,其峰电位分为-0.54 V、-0.71 V(vs.SCE),二阶导数峰电流与铅、镉浓度在0~0.4μg/m l范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数均>0.999。结论:该体系实际应用于食品卫生、水质卫生、职业病、铅烟等领域,具有波形好、灵敏度高、结果准确等优点。