美国老年医学专科医生的主要培养渠道是内科学、家庭医学、精神病学等学科中的老年医学亚专科住院医师培训,对于参与培训者的资格、培训内容与胜任力要求等均有明确规定.中国教育卫生等行政主管部门应共同完成老年医学专科医生培养的顶层设计,在专科住院医师规范化培训中建立老年医学专科医生的培养路径,完善老年医学专科医生资质认证制度及继续医学教育要求等,从而在制度建设上为老年医学专科医生的培养奠定基础.

Objective To summarize requirements and practice in American geriatric medical education for medical students and discuss its implications to China.Methods Use document analysis method.Summarize and analyze retrieved relevant publications and on-line resources.Results The American Geriatrics Society and relevant scholars developed core competencies and minimum required geriatric medical abilities for medical graduates,respectively.Most medical schools had well-outlined objectives in geriatric medical education,and mainly relied on integrated courses for the teaching of geriatric medicine,and used both traditional and new pedagogies to ensure geriatric medical education was included in the whole process of education for medical students.Conclusions The United States attaches importance to geriatric medical education for medical students.Active exploration and practice is conducted in developing competency standard and ability requirement,curriculum,education model and pedagogy.The importance and urgency of enhancing geriatric medical education for all undergraduate medical students should be well realized in China.Geriatric medical education criteria for medical undergraduate should be issued in order to promote and standardize geriatric medical education.Geriatric educational model and pedagogy also should be innovated based on international experiences.Geriatric medical knowledge should be integrated into relevant medical courses in order to enhance the teaching of the knowledge in the whole process of undergraduate medical education.

美国在老年护理教育方面形成了完善的体系,具有明确的老年护理能力要求、培养目标、课程体系和教学策略等.我国迫切需要创建适合国情的老年护理核心能力标准,并逐步完善老年护理教育专业与学位设置、培养目标、课程体系和教学方法等,推动老年护理教育事业的有序发展.老年护理胜任能力的培养应该融入到护理教学活动的全过程.

It has been exploring and still a challenge to cultivate rural health personnel as going down staying down and using well.In this paper,the main problems among cultivation and use of rural health personnel were analyzed.It suggested that the institutional guarantee and cultivation model should be reformed to make the health personnel going down staying down and using well,thus ensure and improve the health level of rural people.

As medical education is a highly professional education,it is necessary to carry out general education,but at present,how to carry out is still under exploration.This paper attempts to discuss general education of medical students combined with the features of medicine.The focus contents,the implementation are interpreted,hoping to provide the reference for the future reform of general education for medical students.

当前我国的八年制医学教育备受学校和学生的青睐,但其培养模式的构建却形式多样、争议颇多,引发了人们对八年制医学教育培养质量的质疑.本文通过文献和近3年的访谈调查,对截至2011年年底教育部批准12所院校试办的八年制医学教育的培养模式进行分类比较,分析各类模式的优缺点并提出改革建议,希望能为八年制医学教育培养模式的完善提供一定的参考.

Clinical thinking ability is one of the most important abilities of doctors which must be cultivated from the beginning as medical students. Based on the interpretation of the meaning and characteristics of clinical thinking, the factors which influence the cultivation of the clinical thinking abilities of medical students were analyzed and the measures to carry on the cultivation were discussed.

Based on the comprehensive overview and analysis of the development history and the present situation of eight-year medical education,this paper rethought it profoundly from cultivation objective,general education,clinical cultivation,research training,and cunriculum integration.Some suggestions were put forward.

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is a world-class medical school.At the beginning of the 21st century its cultivation mode of doctor of medicine was reformed to fully embody the requirements of biopsychosocial medical model.High quality medical talents will be cultivated through high and concrete cultivation target location,excellent teaching condition,reasonable teaching arrangement,integrated curriculum,Competency-oriented teaching contents and methods,rational students evaluation system,which is worthy learning and being a reference for the medical schools in China.

The paper analyzes the current situation of medical education research in China from the perspectives of theme,subject,type,method,objectives and achievements based on papers published in 5 medical education journals in 2007.In order to improve the quality of medical education research and promote medical education it is necessary to establish suitable environments for research,improve the training and incentive mechanism for researchers,and expand the function of medical research institutes.

In China,doctor of medicine(M.D.)serves as the main reserve force for high-level clinical doctors,and therefore plays an important role in the development of the nation's health care.However,the cultivation quality of M.D.has been controversial for a long time.The paper analyses institutional factors influencing the cultivation quality of M.D.from the perspective of new institutionalism and puts forward some suggestions,in hopes of promoting understanding of the current situation of M.D.cultivation and providing references for its quality improvement.

Medical professionalism is very important for physician and medicine.Based on the review and analysis of the literatures of medical professionalism it maintains that research on the cultivation of medical professionalism for students should be strengthened and the cultivation should be carried out through cognitive education and make the students identify and uphold the medical professionalism.

Based on the analysis of current research and their conception of talents cultivation model in higher education and higher medical education, the meaning and components of talents cultivation model in higher medical education were interpreted in accordance with the present situation of higher medi- cal education hoping to amend the current cognition of talents cultivation model and provide some references for theoretical research and relevant practice under the guide of theory in higher medical education.

In this paper the currently problems of medical students'professionalism cultivation were analyzed.It proposed that medical schools'roles should be strengthened to carry out research on the localization and operationalization of medical professionalism based on our national conditions,socio-cuhural tradition and specific medical practice.At the same time,cultivation system should be constructed to cultivate medical students'professionalism in multilevel,multi-dimension and muhichannel throush whole course by whole school staff.

2 306 articles on medical education published in the year 2007 from five comprehensive academic journals of medical education in China were selected as the analysis objects in this stuay.The analysis included 10 aspects such as region distribution,number of author and institution,institution level and the category,academic background of the authors,topic selection,research method and reference citation.The stuay was to find out the status quo of medical eduction research papers and at the same time to propose some suggestions for the existed problems.It would be helpful to promote the level enhancement of medical education research of China.

In this paper tacit knowledge and its affection to medical students' vocational ability cultivation were analvzed.Tacit knowledge was the important component of medical students' vocational ability.Medical educators should try to help medical students to understand the meanings and importance of tacit knowledge,expose relevant tacit knowledge, learn and enrich their own tacit knowledge so as to improve students' vocational ability.

Committed by the Ministry of Education,the Special Committee of Medical Education of China Higher Education Association(Association of Medical Colleges and Universities in China)undertook the recommendation work for national fine-designed courses of medicine.In the year 2006 seventy-two courses from 48 medical schools were submitted and twenty courses of them from 16 schools were selected to be reviewed at national level through experts'assessment.This paper analyzed the courses in general and in deferent disciplines and compared the differences between the recommended and non-recommended courses.It also proposed certain relevant suggestions for the existed problems occurred during the procedures of application.

This article analyzes the higher of student/teacher ration,shortage of teaching resources for enlargement of recruit,and a series of questions of teaching quality are aroused in higher medical education.Then we give some suggestions about controlling recruit students and student/teacher ration in reason,in order to make sure the development of the medical education and quality of the medical students,and the health of people.

本文介绍了我国医药学类专业申报国家精品课程的评选情况,参加评选国家精品课程的主要经验及有关院校在精品课程建设中取得的主要成效,并对今后的精品课程建设工作提出了建议.

民医院教办,主要从事学生教育和管理.高年级长学制医学生是指学制为七年或八年的临床医学专业学生,在完成了校园的基础课后,进入各医院学习阶段的医学生.