[目的]蕹菜是我国南方重要的经济作物,近年来随着蕹菜种植面积不断扩大,由穿孔黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas perforans)引起的蕹菜溃疡病日趋严重,对生产造成了巨大损失.建立高效快捷的蕹菜溃疡病菌检测技术,可为有效防控病害奠定基础.[方法]采用普通PCR检测技术,针对蕹菜溃疡病菌X.perforans基因组中特有序列TC2-1_002562(编码噬菌体终止酶大亚基家族蛋白)和TC2-1_002580(编码噬菌体家族蛋白)设计两对特异性检测引物,在同一个PCR体系中达到了快速检测蕹菜溃疡病菌的目的.[结果]建立的PCR检测方法可操作性强,对蕹菜溃疡病菌具有良好的特异性.利用特异性引物对来自广东多个地区的蕹菜植株、土壤和水体进行病原菌分子检测,发现第一批样本仅在5份来自东莞的蕹菜叶片上检测到病原菌,第二批样本分别在土壤、水体和植株上检测到病原菌.[结论]所建立的PCR检测方法能快速检测穿孔黄单胞菌,可用于对蕹菜溃疡病的早期诊断.该病在东莞、深圳等地呈普遍发生态势,田间检测结果表明,病害发展迅速,留种蕹菜种苗或种子很可能是该病的初侵染源,种植环境的水、土壤也是病害循环的重要环节,这对于今后进一步研究病害循环规律、制定针对性防控策略具有重要意义.

为探索更加安全、高效、绿色的农区鼠害防控技术,对6种灭鼠技术开展了田间防控效果试验.结果表明,鼠夹灭鼠、鼠笼灭鼠、毒饵站灭鼠、化学灭鼠均具有良好的效果,TBS灭鼠和智能捕鼠技术效果稍差.综合考虑防控效果、成本及安全性等各方面因素,推荐毒饵站和TBS灭鼠技术用于农区灭鼠.

为监测广东省深圳市农区的鼠密度和研究不同密度毒饵站布放技术对深圳市农区鼠害的防控效果,采用夹夜法调查深圳市农区鼠害的发生情况,并在监测地块中随机选取一块进行毒饵站控鼠试验,设置5个处理,处理一、处理二、处理三和处理四每667 m2分别设置5、4、3、2个毒饵站,处理五为空白对照(CK).毒饵选用0.01%溴敌隆浸泡的稻谷,放置15 d后测算鼠密度,计算校正灭鼠率.结果表明,深圳市农区鼠密度6.50%±2.12%,鼠害发生程度为中等发生,处理一、处理二、处理三和处理四校正灭鼠率分别为57.54%、4.73%、41.20%和10.93%,其中处理一(5个/667 m2)具有一定防效,可为深圳市农区推广毒饵站鼠害防控技术标准提供参考.

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, poses a significant threat to biodiversity, agriculture, and public health in its introduced ranges. While chemicals such as toxic baits and dust are the main methods for S. invicta control, toxic baits are slow, requiring approximately one or two weeks, but dust can eliminate the colony of fire ants rapidly in just three to five days. To explore more active ingredients for fire ant control using dusts, the toxicity of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin, the horizontal transfer of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dust and their efficacy in the field were tested. The results showed that the LD50 (lethal dose) values of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin were 3.40 and 1.57 ng/ant, respectively. The KT50 (median knockdown time) and KT95 (95% knockdown time) values of a 20 μg mL–1 bifenthrin dose were 7.179 and 16.611 min, respectively. The KT50 and KT95 of a 5 μg mL–1 dimefluthrin dose were 1.538 and 2.825 min, respectively. The horizontal transfers of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin among workers were effective. The mortality of recipients (secondary mortality) and secondary recipients (tertiary mortality) were both over 80% at 48 h after 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% bifenthrin dust treatments. The secondary mortality of recipients was over 99% at 48 h after 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% dimefluthrin dust treatments, but the tertiary mortality was below 20%. The field trial results showed that both bifenthrin and dimefluthrin exhibited excellent fire ant control effects, and the comprehensive control effects of 1.00% bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dusts at 14 d post-treatment were 95.87 and 85.70%, respectively.

2020年7月至2021年6月,对广东省深圳市某区域进行红火蚁发生情况调查.调查结果显示,3个区域的平均工蚁指数1.15,百平方米活动蚁巢数为0.08,红火蚁疫情为轻度;绿地红火蚁发生率为17％,荒地发生率为25％,农地发生率为12％;荒地的疫情发生率较大,绿地疫情容易反复.研究结果为深圳市科学精准防控红火蚁疫情提供了数据支撑.

【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the effects of different dry heat treatment conditions on seed-borne black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) in Chinese cabbage seeds.【Method】Different heat combinations of temperature and time groups were designed. Further, different heat treatments on the inhibition effect of pathogenic bacteria, the sterilization effect of seed-borne pathogens and seed vigor were evaluated.【Result】The conditions for inactivation of black rot bacteria in vitro pathogens were selected as follows: continuous heat treatment at 45 ℃ for 4 h or above; of continuous heat treatment at 50 ℃ or 60 ℃ or 65 ℃ for 0.5 h or above. The inhibition rate of pathogenic bacteria in infected seeds was 100% and the seed vigor of the infected seeds could be improved when treated at 50 ℃ for 8 h.【Conclusion】Continuous heat treatment at 50 ℃ for 8 h was the safe and effective dry heat treatment conditions for seed-borne disease black rot in Chinese cabbage seeds, which could provide a technical reference for the control of vegetable seeds borne disease.

深圳是中国改革开放的"试验田"和"先行示范地",特别是"双区"建设以来,深圳市加大了对农业科技的研究与推广力度,特别是以农业增产、农民增收为目的,以推广绿色防控先进实用技术为手段,大力发展绿色农业,实现经济效益和生态效益双丰收.

对深圳市宝安区航城街道九围果场龙眼的3种主要病虫害发生情况进行调查,结果表明,龙眼角颊木虱发生动态趋势呈多峰型,其若虫发生高峰分别出现在2月、8月和10月,5月、6月和12月发生较轻,秋稍受害较春稍重;荔枝蝽产卵高峰期在3～5月,若虫高峰期在3月和4月,成虫则一年四季均可见;龙眼鬼帚病的发生高峰期分别在3月、5月、7～10月,其发生与龙眼角颊木虱和荔枝蝽的发生密切相关系.通过分析提出5条防治措施.

[目的]探究绿色防控技术在蔬菜病虫害防治上的应用效果.[方法]在深圳宝安区石岩蔬菜基地建立绿色防控示范区,采用农业、物理、生物和化学等综合措施进行绿色防控,调查小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾和黄曲条跳甲3种主要害虫的危害情况并检测蔬菜残留.[结果]与空白对照区相比,采用绿色防控措施降低了害虫数量,减少了农药使用次数和成本,降低了蔬菜农药残留.[结论]绿色防控措施有大面积应用前景.

A investigation of plant diseases and insect pests was carried out in Baoan region,Shenzhen City,the causes and characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that there are 50 types of diseases,including fungal disease 26,bacteria disease 7,virus disease 5,nematodiasis 12;insect pest 37,belonging to 7 mesh and 27 families.Some diseases have serious effects on vegetable,flower and fruit tree production.

农业植物检疫是防止危险性病虫杂草传播蔓延的重要措施,它对生态环境建设也有重要意义。本文对当前农业植物检疫工作的现状进行分析,提出了加强农业植物检疫工作的对策,以此作为农业植物检疫工作的参考。

During 2008-2011,a survey of ornamental and vegetable nematodes was carried out in Baoan.A total of 98 samples were collected from horticultural farm and vegetable field,and 13 genera plant nematodes from ten family were extracted and identified,which are Filenchus,Rhabdotylenchus,Tylenchus,Ditylenchus,Tylenchorhynchus,Pratylenchus,Radopholus,Helicotylenchus,Rotylenchulu,Meloidogyne,Paratylenchus,Aphelenchu s and Aphelenchoides.Among them,Meloidogune、 Ditylenchus、 Pratylenchus、 Rotylenchulus、Helicotylenchus、 Rotylenchulus and Radopholus are important parasites of plant in Baoan.