In order to solve the problems of the low technical quality of farmers and thus restricting the sustainable economic and social development of the poverty-stricken areas of northwest China, the article, based upon intensive policy and documentary analysis, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, survey and other methods, with emphasis on analysis of the practice of four farmers' field schools (FFSs) of Wuwei City, Gansu. By summing up the successful experience of four FFSs in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, the article points out that FFSs ’ unique operating mode, including the effective conversion of peasants roles, enhancing the learning atmosphere of the community, the improvement of the organization of farmers, has enhanced the difficulties faced by improving technical quality of farmers in poverty-stricken areas of northwest China. FFS is an effective extension and supplement Peasant education promotion system. In the end, the article pointed out that the sustainable developmental management and operation FFS mode is an effective way to improve quality of the farmers in poverty-stricken areas.

电影《转山》是一部具有多义性主题的艺术影片,和众多艺术片一样,它具有特殊的场景设置,将故事放在神圣的西藏去发生发展,运用形象的象征性使主题得到无限提升,通过细节来展示人物内心深处的思想和灵魂,运用空镜头来表现非凡的意味。作为一部86分钟的艺术片,其所表现出来的积极向上的追寻梦想的意义和丰富的多义性,展现出西藏地区的神圣及信仰之美就已经实属不易。

The water resource is deficient in Minqin County, the ecological environment is fragile, the development of agricultural production is severely limited, it ’ s difficult to raise farmers' income, so taking water-saving irrigation technology is necessary. Under the market economy background, the task about water-saving irrigation technology is arduous. The paper is mainly based on interview and case analysis, the purpose is to explore the spread condition and process of water-saving irrigation techniques in the rural communities, to find out the predicament and solutions of the diffusion of technology. The paper showed that the problems existed in single diffusion model, in low-status of the participation farmers and so on. The farmer field school was an effective way of dissemination and promotion of water-saving irrigation technology, people also needed to improve the water-saving irrigation technology dissemination mechanism, attracted women to participate and take children into the diffusion of technology in the education system.

通过对农业科技推广服务的过程与机制进行深入分析,发现:一方面,由上而下的决策机制和利益资源分配机制决定了科技推广资源多数被上层权力拥有者所支配和使用,而进行主要农业科技推广活动的基层农技推广人员和农业科技推广的主要目标对象———农民,却很难获得相关资源和利益;另一方面,强调科技成果推广而忽视知识共享创新以及农民认知能力建设的传播理念,强调知识灌输而忽视互动协作与服务的传播方法,强调显性知识而忽视隐性知识的传播内容,目标瞄准严重偏离传播对象、以推广者为中心而不以农民为中心的现有推广服务体制,不利于增加农民智慧和提高农民认知行为能力,阻碍了农业科技推广服务活动的深入开展。要根除现有农业科技推广体系的弊端,就必须对其利益导向、资源分配、项目申请、决策和运行机制,以及推广传播的理念、体制、方法、内容进行根本变革。