Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic imaging characteristics and differential diagnosis of epidermoid cyst with high-frequency ultrasound.Methods The sonographic features and clinical data of 98 cases diagnosed as epidermoid cyst had been retrospective studied. Sonographic appearances of epidermoid cyst were compared with that of sebaceous glands, inflammatory mass, neurilemmoma, lipomas respectively. All the lesions were confirmed by surgery and approved by pathologic diagnosis.Results Among 98 lesions, 91 cases were diagnosed epidermoid cyst, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of epidermoid cyst were 93% (91/98), 7 cases were misdiagnosis. The location of lesions was found in skin or subcutaneous, which were commonly seen in hip, around the neck and back, limbs joint. The shape of lesions was round or oval. A total of 98 lesions were detected in 95 patients and the features of images could be classified into 3 types including of 39 cases of homogeneous echo pattern, 55 inhomogeneous echo pattern, 6 mixed echo pattern which had the onionskin-like appearance and hyperechogenicity around the rim. Most of all lesions were well-defined on sonograms, posterior enhancement and no color Doppler flow signals. There was statistically significant difference in shape, margin, echogenicity, vaseularity and posterior acoustic enhancement in epidermoid cyst compared with that of inflammatory mass, lipomas. There was no statistically significant difference in shape, margin in epidermoid cyst compared with that of sebaceous cyst, neurilemmoma.Conclusion s There were characteristic features of epidermiod cysts in ultrasounography. The epidermoid cyst could be diagnosed and differential diagnosed exactly by sonography.

目的：探讨经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石的手术疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2011-07~2013-06经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石63例病人的临床资料。结果：59例病人一期手术取得成功,结石取尽率(59/63)93.7%,手术时间30~100 min,平均45 min,1例输尿管结石因组织包裹转为开放手术取石,1例术后复查示结石残留行体外冲击波碎石,2例因残留的结石均<6 mm予以药物排石治疗。病人平均住院时间为7.5 d。1例病人术后出现菌血症,1例发生轻度肾周血肿,无其它严重并发症。结论：经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石具有创伤小、碎石成功率高、并发症少的优点,是一种安全有效的方法。

<正>泌尿外科腹腔镜基本技术在过去的几年里已经有了重大进步,使腹腔镜手术时间更短,也更安全。腹腔镜肾部分切除术作为一种有效治疗肾癌的手段,正逐渐取代开放性手术成为治疗早期肾癌的常规术式。2010年1月至2013年3月,我院采用腹腔镜技术治疗早期肾癌患者19例,手术效果良好,现报告如下。

<正>原发性输尿管癌临床上较少见且易误诊,随着医学影像学和内窥镜技术的发展,原发性输尿管癌术前诊断率有明显提高。我科1986-01～2007-12共手术治疗41例,现结合文献就其临床特点、诊治及预后进行讨论如下。

Objective:To evaluate the surgical outcome of benign protatic hyperplasia(BPH)associated with bladder tumor.Methods:The operations performed were as follows:resection of tumor plus prostatectomy(31 cases),TURBt plus TURP(14 cases).Results-.The patients were followed for 1 year to three years.Recurrence of tumor occurred in nine patients,one died of other reasons,loss of follow up in tow.No tumor implantation in prostatic fossa,posterior urethra or incision was found.Conclusion Simultaneous resection of bladder tumor plus prostatectomy or TURBt plus TURP can relieve urinary tract obstruction and decrease the recurrence of bladder tumor with little chance of tumor implantation in the prostatic fossa,posterior urethra and in incision.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of renal carcinoma.Methods:The data of 86 cases of renal carcinoma undergoing surgeries from January 1989 to June 2005 were analyzed.Results:The renal carcinoma was diagnosed by imaging examinations,mainly by B ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrosonography and CT.86 cases of renal carcinoma,86 received radical nephrectomy,15 received surgery remaining nephrons,9 cases with conserved surgery for tumors in advanced stage.The pathological results showed 56 cases of clear-cell carcinoma,14 granular cell carcinoma,11 mixed type,and 5 other types of carcinoma.In followed-up 55 cases,the three year survival rate was 69.8%,and five year survival rate was 57.0%.Conclusion:The early diagnosis and early surgery is decisive factors for the prognosis of renal carcinoma.

Objective: To observe the different medication of the chronic prostatitis.Methods: Seventy-two chronic prostatitis patients diagnosed by the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidance of Chinese Urologic Disease. They were divided into two groups by the age ,history, symptoms etc. Group A(36 patients)were treated with traditional Chinese medicine and group B(36 patients)were treated with western medicine. All the patients were treated with the same other therapy.Six to eight weeks later ,the treatment results of the two groups were compared.Results: The improvements of NIH-CPSI and quality of life score changed time of group A were greater than those in group B(P0.001). Compared with the condition of pre-treatment ,the EPS bacteria culture show great improment in statistics(P0.001). Conclusion : The combination of traditional Chinese medicine may have more effect in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective:To improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment ofcystic renal cell carcinoma.Methods:From 1997 to 2006,the clinical data including diagonosis,treatment and prognosis in 8 cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Before surgery,5 cases were diagnosed as cystic reneal cell carcinoma by ultrasound,6 cases by CT,2 cases were diagnosed as malignant tumor by intraoperative frozen section.Radical nephrectomy was carried out in 7 cases and partial nephrectomy.All the 8 cases were confirmed as cystic renal clear cell carcinoma on pathology.7 of 8 cases were still alive during follow-up duration.Conclusion:Cystic renal cell carcinoma can be diagnosed more accurately with the help of images and pathological examination.Radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy should be performed after diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE To improve the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of testicular tumor in Mongolian men. METHODS A retrospective review of 35 cases of testicular tumors in Mongolian men from seven medical centers dated from 1990 to 2004 was performed. RESULTS The usual presentation of a testicular tumor was a nodular or painless swelling of one gonad. The mean delay in diagnosis was 40.03 +/- 53.45 weeks. For 16 patients, delay in diagnosis was more than or equal to six months. The histologic composition of this series was 21 (60%) seminoma, 10 (28.6%) nonseminoma, 2 (5.7%) lymphoma, 1 (2.35%) fibroneuroma and 1 (2.35%) leiomyoma. Regarding stage, 22, 2, and 5 of 29 germ cell tumors were seen initially as stage I, II, and III, respectively. Combined therapy, including radical orchiectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, were taken. 29 cases have been followed for 2 months to 10 years, 4 out of them died of distant metastasis, one died of other disease, one lives with tumor, the others live without relapse and metastasis. Three and 5-year survival rates for Mongolian patients with seminoma and nonseminoma were 95.0%, 95.0%, 57.1% and 42.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION In this article, the rate of seminoma to germ cell tumors is higher than that of general population. There is an increased mean delay in diagnosis for Mongolian patients. Three and 5-year survival rates for nonseminoma are lower than that for seminoma. Better public awareness regarding testicular tumor in this population, advances in diagnosis and therapy will help to improve therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression of P53、BCL2 and BAX in 70 transitional cell carcinomata of bladder (TCCB) and 10 cystitis. Methods: P53、BCL2 and BAX expression were assayed by means of immunohistochemical S-P method. Results: The positive rate of P53 protein expression was related to grade and prognosis (P0.05 or P0.01); There was statistically significant difference between grade Ⅰ tumor and grade Ⅲ for the positive rate of BCL2 protein expression (P0.01). The difference between grade Ⅲ andⅠ、Ⅱ was significant for the expression of BAX protein. The expression of BCL2 and BAX were related to the tumor prognosis (P0.05). The common expression of BCL2/BAX or P53、BCL2/BAX were corelated to grade of tumor (P0.05). Conclusion: Expression of P53、BCL2 and BAX is a helpful index in predicating grade and prognosis of TCCB, and the progression of TCCB can be related to P53、BCL2 and BAX apoptosis function to tumor cells.

1990年1月至2002年12月,我院共收治膀胱腺癌患者28例,除去6例转移性膀胱腺癌,其余22例为膀胱腺癌,现将诊治体会报告如下.