Background:Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial avulsion fractures are infrequently observed clinical entities, primarily due to the challenges in arthroscopic management of the posterior compartmental process. This condition frequently leads to either significant injury sequelae or suboptimal outcomes. Purpose:To evaluate the clinical outcomes for arthroscopic treatment for PCL avulsion fractures from anterior compartment loop-and-tack to the pulled-in posterior compartment with suspension fixation. Study Design:Case Series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods:The study period spanned from May 2017 to June 2020, with a mean postoperative follow-up time of 30 months (range, 24-50 months). The study inclusion criteria included arthroscopic PCL tibial avulsion fracture fixation using our loop-and-track technique only. A total of 27 patients with acute PCL avulsion fractures who met our criteria were recruited. The exclusion criteria included PCL tibial avulsion malunioned fractures, multiple ligament injuries, and patients lost to follow-up. This technique was performed using an anterior compartment loop-and-tack and pulling in from the posterior compartment with suspension fixation via a tibial tunnel. Anterior fixation was achieved using the Endobutton device with knotted fixation and knotless rivets to secure the wire tails. Bony healing was examined by radiograph. Clinical and functional outcomes were scored using the Lysholm knee score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 2000 knee subjective function score, and the IKDC examination. Paired t tests were used to compare the Lysholm and subjective IKDC scores before and after treatment. A nonparametric paired test was used to compare IKDC knee examination scores before and after surgery. Results:A total of 24 patients, 19 male and 5 female patients, were included in this study. The arthroscopic anterior compartment loop-and-tack technique had a short operative time (50 ± 23.73 minutes, 45-90 minutes), with good stability, bony healing, and satisfactory functional recovery of the knee in all patients. No popliteal fossa neurovascular complications, implant loosening, or slippage were observed. The mean Lysholm knee score improved from 17.25 ± 6.30 preoperatively to 97.35 ± 2.94 (P < .001) at the last follow-up. The mean IKDC 2000 subjective knee function score improved from 19.95 ± 1.43 to 97.05 ± 2.89 (P < .001) at the previous follow-up. There was also a significant improvement in the IKDC examination grade (11 grade C and 13 grade D to 22 grade A and 2 grade B after the surgery). Conclusion:Our loop-and-track technique for treating PCL tibial avulsion fractures improves clinical outcomes with minimal complications. This technique may be considered in the treatment options for patients with PCL tibial avulsion fractures.

OBJECTIVES:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective somatic treatment, but it may be limited by cognitive adverse effects. The existing cognitive screening instruments often lack specificity to ECT-associated cognitive deficits. The ElectroConvulsive Therapy Cognitive Assessment was developed and validated in a clinical setting, but the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of ElectroConvulsive Therapy Cognitive Assessment (ECCA-C) have not been studied in a large clinical sample. METHODS:The ECCA-C and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing ECT at 3 time points: pretreatment (baseline), before the fifth treatment, and 1 week posttreatment. The instruments were also administered to a sample of healthy subjects. RESULTS:Sixty-five patients with MDD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Overall, the patient group had statistically significantly lower MoCA and ECCA-C scores than the control group (both P values <0.001). The Cronbach α of the ECCA-C was 0.88 at baseline. Statistically significant decreases over time were observed in ECCA-C: pre-ECT (23.9 ± 4.0) > mid-ECT (21.3 ± 3.4) > post-ECT (18.7 ± 4.8) (all P values <0.001), whereas no statistically significant changes in MoCA scores were found at these 3 time points ( F = 1.86, P = 0.165). A cutoff score of 26.5 on the ECCA-C was found to best differentiate between MDD patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS:The ECCA-C showed satisfactory psychometric properties and may be a more sensitive instrument than the MoCA to assess cognitive impairment associated with ECT.

Objective:To investigate the psychology status and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) in China, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:From September 2021 to May 2022, 42 hospitals in 22 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China, the clinical data of 2 478 IBD patients were collected, which included age, gender, weight, first visit or not, disease activity, disease course, main clinical manifestations(diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematochezia, extraintestinal manifestations), complications, treatment medication(5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, and biological agents), and whether to have surgery. Anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life of IBD patients were evaluated by generalized anxiety disorder-7 items, patient health questionnaire-9 items, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results:The average age of 2 478 IBD patients was 37.96 years old, and male counted for 62.43%(1 547/2 478). There were 61.82%(1 532/2 478) of the IBD patients in the active stage of disease, mostly mild or moderate(588 and 734 cases). There were 60.61%(1 502/2 478) of the IBD patients with different degrees of anxiety, 58.35%(1 446/2 478) of the IBD patients with different degrees of depression, and 48.87%(1 211/2 478) of the IBD patients had different degrees of sleep problems. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female, higher level of disease activity and longer disease course were independent risk factors of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in the IBD patients(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 1.08(0.65 to 1.50), 0.45(0.23 to 0.68), 0.19(0.02 to 0.36), 0.83(0.33 to 1.32), 0.62(0.36 to 0.88), 0.28(0.08 to 0.47), 0.47(0.16 to 0.77), 0.39(0.23 to 0.55), 0.14(0.02 to 0.26); P<0.001, <0.001, =0.025 , =0.001, <0.001, =0.005, =0.003, <0.001, =0.027). The usage of biological agents was an independent protective factor of anxiety(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) -0.67(-1.17 to -0.17), P=0.008), and older age was an independent risk factor of sleep quality(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 0.35(0.09 to 0.61), P=0.008). Higher level of disease activity, symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, usage of 5-aminosalicylic acid and glucocorticoid, and with surgical treatment were independent risk factors of quality of life(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) -11.00(-12.24 to -9.76), -2.90(-5.26 to -0.55), -3.93(-6.25 to -1.61), -5.79(-9.87 to -1.71), -4.78(-7.79 to -1.76), -7.71(-11.07 to -4.35), -4.37(-8.00 to -0.73); P<0.001, =0.016, =0.001, =0.005 , =0.002, <0.001, =0.019), while the usage of biological agents was an independent protective factor of quality of life (unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 4.72(1.97 to 7.48), P=0.001). Conclusion:IBD patients generally have different degrees of anxiety, depression and sleep problems, which affect the quality of life of patients. Gender, disease activity and disease course are the influencing factors of mental disorders in IBD patients.

Introduction: LPS-induced inflammation contributes to osteoarthritis (OA). It is known that Circ_0038467 plays a critical role in LPS-mediated inflammation, suggesting the its involvement in OA. This study aimed to study the possible involvement of Circ_0038467 in OA. Materials and Methods: Circ_0038467, mature miR-203 and miR-203 precursor expression in controls and OA patients was determined by RT-qPCR. Circ_0038467 overexpression in chondrocytes and RT-qPCR was performed to analyze its effects on the expression of mature miR-203 and miR-203 precursor. The role of Circ_0038467 and miR-203 in cell apoptosis was analyzed by cell apoptosis assay. Results: Circ_0038467 was upregulated in OA and positively correlated with mature miR-203, but not miR-203 precursor. In chondrocytes, increased expression of both Circ_0038467 and miR-203 was observed after LPS treatment. In chondrocytes, Circ_0038467 overexpression increased the expression levels of mature miR-203, but not miR-203 precursor. Analysis of cell apoptosis showed that overexpression of Circ_0038467 and miR-203 increased cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-203 inhibitor reversed the effects of Circ_0038467 overexpression on cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Circ_0038467 is highly expressed in OA and may promote the production of mature miR-203 to increase the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by LPS.

目的 调查北京市属医院援鄂医疗队护士援鄂期间睡眠状况及相关因素,为改善睡眠提供参考依据.方法 采用问卷星形式,使用失眠严重指数量表(ISI)对北京市属医院援鄂医疗队94名护士进行睡眠状况的横断面调查.结果 北京市属医院援鄂医疗队护士睡眠时间为7～8h者47人(47/94,50.00％),睡眠时间＜5h以下者6人(6/94,6.38％).76人(76/94,80.85％)出现不同程度的睡眠质量问题,其中33.68％的队员经常难以入睡.睡眠时间与质量问题的相关影响因素包括应激环境引起的焦虑情绪、专业特长与现实工作不匹配、团队协作不畅、社会及媒体过度关注等.结论 北京市属医院援鄂医疗队护士整体睡眠时间基本正常,睡眠质量欠佳,主要是入睡困难.建议针对相关因素制定措施,改善睡眠质量.

The healing of tendon–bone in the rotator cuff is featured by the formation of the scar tissues in the interface after repair. This study aimed to determine if the 3D-printed poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds loaded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could augment the rotator cuff repair in the rabbits. PLGA scaffolds were generated by the 3D-printed technology; Cell Counting Kit-8 assay evaluated the proliferation of BMSCs; the mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively; immunohistology evaluated the rotator cuff repair; biomechanical characteristics of the repaired tissues were also assessed. 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds showed good biocompatibility without affecting the proliferative ability of BMSCs. BMSCs–PLGA scaffolds implantation enhanced the cell infiltration into the tendon-bone injunction at 4 weeks after implantation and improved the histology score in the tendon tissues after implantation. The mRNA expression levels of collagen I, III, tenascin, and biglycan were significantly higher in the scaffolds + BMSCs group at 4 weeks post-implantation than that in the scaffolds group. At 8 and 12 weeks after implantation, the biglycan mRNA expression level in the BMSCs–PLGA scaffolds group was significantly lower than that in the scaffolds group. BMSCs–PLGA scaffolds implantation enhanced collagen formation and increased collagen dimeter in the tendon–bone interface. The biomechanical analysis showed that BMSCs–PLGA scaffolds implantation improved the biomechanical properties of the regenerated tendon. The combination of 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds with BMSCs can augment the tendon–bone healing in the rabbit rotator cuff repair model.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:编制居民心理健康量表（MHSR）并检验其信效度。方法:在"居民心理健康体系"和专家论证的基础上形成量表初稿,初测形成量表二稿,选取北京市居民700人施测,进行验证性因子分析形成量表终稿并进行信效度检验;选取其中100人进行第2周后到第4周内的重测;选取非精神病性障碍患者110人进行实证效度检验;使用艾森克个性问卷（成人）（EPQ）、安全感量表（SQ）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、正性负性情绪量表（PANAS）进行校标检验。结果:量表包括6个维度80个条目,各维度分别可解释的总变异为52. 16%～57. 14%;验证性分析表示各维度因子模型拟合良好（X²/df=1.74～4.32;GFI=0. 90～0.97; RMSEA=0. 04～0.08）;量表总分及各维度得分与内外向、SQ、积极应对、正性情绪得分呈正相关（r=0.28～0.62,均P&lt;0.01）,与神经质、消极应对、负性情绪得分呈负相关（r=-0.26～-0.60,均P&lt;0.01）;居民组的量表总分及各维度得分均高于患者组（均P&lt;0.001）。总量表的Cronbachα系数为0.97,各维度的系数为0.77～0.90;总量表的重测信度为0.79,各维度的重测信度为0.63～0.83。结论:居民心理健康量表具有较好的信效度,可作为居民心理健康的测评工具。</span>

This study investigates if the application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) loaded 3D-printed scaffolds could improve rotator cuff repair. The polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds were fabricated by 3D print technology. Rabbit BM-MSCs were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding bone morphogenic protein 12 (BMP-12). The effect of BM-MSCs loaded PLGA scaffolds on tendon-bone healing was assessed by biomechanical testing and histological analysis in a rabbit rotator cuff repair model. We found that the PLGA scaffolds had good biocompatible and biodegradable property. Overexpression of BMP-12 increased the mRNA and protein expression of tenogenic genes in BM-MSCs cultured with DMEM medium and seeded in PLGA scaffolds. When BMP-12-overexpressing BM-MSCs-loaded PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the injured rabbit supraspinatus tendon-bone junctions, the tendon-bone healing was improved. Our results suggest that application of BMP-12 overexpressing BM-MSCs loaded 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds promote the healing of tendon-bone interface, improve collagen organization and increase fibrocartilage in the rabbit rotor cuff repair. Rotator cuff regeneration achieved by BMP-12-overexpressing BM-MSCs-loaded PLGA scaffolds may represent a novel approach for the management of rotator cuff defect.

伴随着我国经济、社会的迅猛发展,百姓的物质和文化生活发生了巨大变化.但这令人欣喜的变化却也给人们带来越来越大的压力.近年来,各类与心理相关的社会问题频发,抑郁症、焦虑症、睡眠障碍等精神心理疾病的患病率逐年升高.这些现象仿佛警钟一样,在不断提醒我们,既往的自我心理健康维护方法已经无法应对新时代的要求,获得新的知识、提升更强的心理健康维护能力已成为人民群众的迫切需求和心理学专业人员亟待解决的问题.

The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of the amount of chemical extraction treatments performed on an allogeneic tendon through histomorphology, biological mechanics testing, and an immunogenicity assay. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits (body weight 2.5–3.0 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: group A (chemical extraction once), group B (chemical extraction twice), group C (chemical extraction three times), and group D (blank control group), with four rabbits in each group. The Achilles tendons of each rabbit were separated and subjected to a chemical extraction process with Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy observation, biomechanical testing, and mixed lymphocyte culture. There were no significant differences in the surface color and fiber bundles between groups A and B and the blank control group, whereas group C showed clear differences from the blank control group with a rough surface, loose fibers, and poor tension. There were no significant differences in the biomechanics among the four groups. The four groups showed significant differences in the lymphocyte conversion ratio, with reduced rates of lymphocyte conversion along with increasing treatment numbers. Two chemical extractions of the tendon allowed for retaining most of the integrity of the original tendon fiber while removing immunogenicity with good biological properties. These findings lay a foundation for application of this method to human tendons so as to provide a good tissue source for tendon transplantation.

In this study, we designed a porous PLGA/TCP scaffold to carry and slowly release biologically active icariin, then observed the effect of the scaffold on the integral repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. We used New Zealand white rabbits to establish an articular cartilage defect animal model with a 5 mm diameter by 4 mm depth defect in the femoral intercondylar fossa. Gross specimen scores, Mankin scores, HE staining, AB-PAS staining, Safranin O staining, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, and CT scans were used to evaluate the repair conditions 6 months after the model was established. The result showed that there were more chondrocytes, matrix, and type II collagen around and covering the defect and the subchondral bone was in better shape in the bioactive icariin porous PLGA/TCP scaffolds repairing group. CT scans showed that the trabecular bone structure was intact. Gross specimens and Mankin scores were significantly lower. These findings suggested that the use of bioactive icariin porous PLGA/TCP scaffolds promoted the integral repair of articular cartilage defect from the cartilage to the subchondral bone.

Objective To study the changes of female patients' mental health before and after excimer laser surgery.Methods Forty three female patients with refractive error admitted in Peking University People's Hospital and treated with excimer laser surgery from July 21,2014 to September 30,2014 were selected in the study.Results The force,anxiety,terror and psychoticism factor scores of the patients preoperatively were higher than the norm (P ＜0.05),while the positive factor numbers were also more than the norm (P ＜0.05).The interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid factor scores postoperation were lower than the norm (P ＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative,after surgery the somatization,force,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,terror,paranoia and psychoticism scores were significantly decreased (P ＜0.05),and the positive factor numbers were also decreased significantly than preoperative (P ＜0.05).Conclusions There are obvious mental health problems preoperatively of female excimer laser surgery patients.The problems could be alleviated much after surgery.

Objective:To form the indicator system of Beijing residents mental health.Methods:The indicator system were gained by document analysis method and three Delphi consultation.Results:The enthusiasm coefficient of specialists in the three rounds' formal consultations were 93.5 ％,100％ and 80.0 ％ respectively.The authority coefficient of specialists were 0.83,0.85 and 0.85 respectively.The coordination coefficients of the experts' opinion of the importance of the indicator were 0.137,0.224 and 0.221 respectively.After three rounds consultation,we formed six primary indicators and nineteen secondary indicators.Conclusion:The representativeness,authority and consistency of the experts is really well,and the indicator system of Beijing residents mental health which the study formed is really scientific and credible.In addition,the Delphi method is innovationally applied in mental health.

Objective:To develop the preliminary formulation of mental health scale for Beijing residents,and test its content validity.Methods:Adopting the expert assessment method,this paper invited twenty-one experts to as-sess the items of the mental health scale for the Beijing residents in February 2016.The enthusiasm of the experts is expressed in the return rate and the effective response rate.The authority of the experts is expressed in the expert au-thority score.The concentration and consistency of the experts'opinions were represented with the mean,coefficient of variation and coordinate.Results:The effective rate of retrieve was 80.95%,the expert authority score was 0.864, the mean of the items of the scale was from 1.82 to 3.81.The coefficient of variation for the items was between 0.11 to 0.59.The experts'coordinate coefficient was 0.22 with the P value less than 0.05.There was a further change in the twenty-two items of the scale according the experts opinion after removing the items which average value was low or the experts'opinions differ greatly.Conclusion:The mental health scale has a good content validity by experts'ap-praisal,and it can be used for the reliabilities and validities test.

Objective:To test the psychometric characteristics of the Chinese Version of the Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS-CV).Methods:Totally 297 patients (with somatoform disorders,major depressive disorder,generalized anxiety disorder,panic disorder,and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed with ICD-10) and 212 normal people were assessed with IAS-CV,Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ and Beck Anxiety Inventory.Results:The confirmation factor analysis result of the nine-factor model of IAS-CV was x2/df=1.99,GFI =0.86,RMSEA =0.06.The total score of IAS-CV was correlated with BAI scores (r =0.45,P ＜0.01) and BDI-Ⅱ scores(r =0.42,P ＜0.01).Patients with somatoform disorders (62 ± 17) had higher scores than patients with other disorder,such as depression (43 ± 16),anxiety (46 ± 21),obsessive compulsive disorder (46 ± 15),and normal controls (35 ± 13).The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.91 for IAS-CV and 0.62-0.91 for each subscale.The test-retest coefficients were 0.95 for the total scale and 0.67-0.93 for each subscale (P ＜ 0.01).Split-half coefficient was 0.94.The cut-off score of IAS-CV for screening somatoform disorders was 44.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese Version of the Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS-CV) has good psychometric features and could be used in clinical practice and research in China.

Objective To explore correlations among personality characteristics,coping styles and mental health in female patients with excimer laser surgery.Methods A total of 46 female patients who had excimer laser surgery for ametropia from July to September 2014 in Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled for questionnaire survey.Questionnaires included a self-made general questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Scores of EPQ and SCSQ were analyzed between female ametropia patients and norms of 1 239 cases.Correlations among EPQ,SCSQ and SCL-90 were analyzed by Spearman rank analysis.Results In 43 valid questionnaires,neuroticism score in female patients was significantly higher than that in norms [(14 ± 5) scores vs (11 ± 5) scores] (P ＜0.05);psychoticism and lie scores in female patients were significantly lower than those in norms [(4.6 ±2.0) scores vs (6.6 ± 3.3) scores,(10 ± 3) scores vs (13 ± 4) scores] (P ＜ 0.05).Positive dimension score in female patients was significantly higher than that in norms [(2.0 ± 0.5) scores vs (1.8 ± 0.5) scores] (P ＜ 0.05);negative dimension score in female patients was significantly lower than that in norms [(1.3 ± 0.5) scores vs (1.6 ± 0.7) scores] (P ＜ 0.05).Export-oriented in EPQ showed negative correlations with somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and psychoticism in SCL-90 (r =-0.422,-0.353,-0.467,-0.330;P ＜0.05).Neuroticism in EPQ showed positive correlations with somatization,force,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoid,psychoticism and numbers of positive items in SCL-90 (r =0.354,0.520,0.547,0.532,0.631,0.583,0.551,0.423,0.553;P ＜0.05).Psychoticism in EPQ showed positive correlations with force and hostility (r =0.350,0.311;P ＜ 0.05);lie,positive dimension and negative dimension in EPQ had no correlations with any items in SCL-90 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There are certain personality characteristics and coping styles in female patients with excimer laser surgery.The mental health of female patients before operation is related to neuroticism in EPQ.

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with denervated muscle atrophy. However, the endogenous secretion of NT-3 is low and exogenous NT-3 lacks sufficient time to accumulate due to its short half-life. The transfection of NT-3 has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on denervated muscle and motor endplates. Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and form motor endplate nerve-muscle connections. It has been previously demonstrated that local and noninvasive transfection can be performed using ultrasound with microbubbles (MBs). In the current study, hematoxylin and eosin, acetylcholinesterase and gold chloride staining, as well as transmission electron microscopy, were performed to verify the effects of this treatment strategy. The results demonstrated that using ultrasound with MBs for the transfection of NT-3 into NSCs, and their subsequent transplantation in vivo, attenuated the atrophy of denervated muscle and reduced motor endplate degeneration. This noninvasive, efficient and targeted treatment strategy may therefore be a potential treatment for patients with denervated muscle atrophy.

ObJective:To explore the reliability and validity of the Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS)of Chinese version on post-electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)delirium(PECTD). Method:The deliri-um was diagnosed using DSM-IV-TR(the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,APA)criterion, and was assessed using RASS and Glasgow coma scale(GCS). With DSM-IV-TR as the 〝gold standard〝 for PECTD diagnosis,the sensitivity and specificity of RASS were analyzed. The best cutoff value of different sub-types PECTD diagnosed by RASS was calculated by the area under the curve of ROC. Results:The consisten-cy of RASS raters was(Kappa value)0. 733,(P ﹤ 0. 001). When RASS score was + 1,the sensitivity and spe-cificity for hyperactive PECTD were 94. 9% and 91. 8% ,respectively. When RASS score was - 1,the sensitivi-ty and specificity for hypoactive PECTD were 93. 2% ,95. 6% respectively. The scores of RASS and GCS had positive correlation(r = 0. 891,P ﹤ 0. 001). Conclusion:RASS for evaluating PECTD has a good reliability and validity. The best cutoff scores of RASS for hyperactive and hypoactive PECTD are + 1 and - 1 respectively.

疑病症(hypochondriasis)是一种常见的精神疾病,表现为患者因坚信自己生病而就医,但医疗检查的结果为阴性,这给患者和卫生机构带来很大的困扰,不利于疾病的及时诊治.为了对疑病症做出更好的诊治,加深对疑病症认知特点的理解将发挥重要作用.本文进行文献复习,对疑病症的心理模型及其四个主要特点进行阐述,同时归纳总结了疑病症认知特点的测量工具,并进一步提出现存的问题.