目的 了解中国北方地区居民高危饮酒现状及其影响因素,为当地开展高危饮酒人群的精神卫生保健工作提供参考依据.方法 于2010年10月采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法(PPS)在北京市、黑龙江哈尔滨市和新疆克拉玛依市3个北方地区抽取6087名≥16岁社区居民进行问卷调查.结果 最终纳入分析的5972名中国北方地区居民中,饮酒者1 886人,饮酒率为31.58％;高危饮酒者785人,高危饮酒率为13.14％;高危饮酒者占饮酒者比例为41.62％.多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄31～50岁、居住在哈尔滨市或克拉玛依市、职业为行政管理人员或其他、家庭人均月收入≥1 500元、抑郁症状阳性、焦虑症状阳性和消极应对方式得分较高是中国北方地区居民高危饮酒的危险因素,女性和心理健康得分较高是中国北方地区居民高危饮酒的保护因素.结论 中国北方地区居民的高危饮酒率较高,性别、年龄、地区、职业、家庭人均月收入、心理健康得分、抑郁症状、焦虑症状和消极应对方式得分为北方地区居民高危饮酒的主要影响因素.

目的:调查痛风患者自我管理能力、家庭功能.方法:将2018年6月1日—2019年12月31日本院接收的200例痛风患者,作为此次研究之中的观察主体.收集其基础资料,评估其家庭功能,调查患者在健康生活、合理饮食、心理调节以及遵医行为等方面的自我管理能力.结果:痛风患者具有不同程度的家庭功能,且与患者自我管理能力有关,家庭功能较高患者的自我管理能力明显高于家庭功能一般患者、家庭功能欠佳患者(P<0.05),而家庭功能一般患者的自我管理能力又高于家庭功能欠佳患者(P<0.05).结论:全面落实健康宣教,拉近患者与家人的距离,增强其家庭功能,促使其自我管理能力进一步提高.

依恋是人类适应生存的一个重要方面,它形成于婴幼儿时期,目前研究已扩展到成人领域.通过对成人依恋的背景与发展 、依恋的内部工作模型 、成人依恋的维度与分类等方面的介绍,并系统回顾成人依恋对心理健康的相关研究,探索成人依恋对于心理健康的影响,提出良好的成人依恋对个体的心理健康至关重要的观点.

目的 了解北京城市社区居民对心理健康服务的需求及其影响因素,为进一步展开社区心理健康服务内容和模式研究提供数据支持.方法 采取分层抽样方法,从北京市东城区某街道社区随机抽取650人作为调查对象,使用自行编制的《社区居民心理健康服务需求调查问卷》,对居民进行心理健康服务需求调查.结果 ①北京城市社区58％以上的居民表示需要心理健康服务,情绪状态和年龄是对社区心理健康服务需求程度的两个重要影响因素,55岁以上需求最高.②社区居民对心理健康服务形式需求不同,心理健康讲座是最受社区居民欢迎的服务形式,选择比例达67.8％,其次是免费心理咨询、心理宣传手册和心理热线.不同年龄、不同性别、不同学历层次对服务形式需求不同.③心理健康服务内容因年龄、学历层次有所不同,青少年关注家庭关系与自我发展,中老年关心心理健康科普,60.3％的居民对心理疾患相关知识的需求较大.④在心理服务机构和人员选择上,40％以上居民首选在社区心理服务站或社区卫生服务中心接受相关咨询,70％的居民要求心理健康服务由专业人员提供.结论 社区心理健康服务模式及内容建设应考虑年龄、性别、文化水平差异,社区心理健康服务机构的专业人员、服务设置、服务措施应根据社区人群特点进行合理配置.

目的:探讨高校大学生成人依恋与父母教养方式的现状及两者之间的关系.方法:使用亲密关系经历量表中文版(ECR)与简式父母教养方式问卷(s-EMBU),对北京6所高校以班级为单位整群抽取634名在校大学生进行调查,所得数据应用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析.结果:①调查的大学生中,成人依恋为恐惧型的个体占总体的比例最多为39.9％,其次分别为安全型23.5％,迷恋型21.5％,冷漠型15.1％;②女生在父亲情感温暖和母亲情感温暖维度上显著高于男生(t =-2.380,P＜0.05;t=-3.117,P＜0.01),而男生在父亲拒绝、母亲拒绝维度上显著高于女生(t=4.034,P＜0.01;t =2.311,P＜0.05);③父亲与母亲在教养方式上有显著性差异,父亲在拒绝维度上显著高于母亲(t=12.15,P＜0.01),而在情感温暖与过度保护维度上显著低于母亲(t=-8.00,-10.34;P＜0.01);④依恋回避与依恋焦虑均与父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖呈现出显著负相关(r =-0.246～-0.311,P＜0.05),而与母亲拒绝、父亲过度保护和母亲过度保护呈显著正相关(r =0.108～0.338,P＜0.01);⑤逐步回归分析显示,母亲情感温暖能预测依恋回避,母亲过度保护与父亲情感温暖能预测依恋焦虑.结论:北京高校大学生中不安全依恋类型居多,父母教养方式对大学生成人依恋有一定影响,父母情感温暖有助于子女形成安全型依恋.

我们常说,爱情和婚姻里需要奉献精神,才能让一段感情历久弥新.但“爱就是奉献”的思维,也曾经毁掉过很多婚姻. 我曾经遇见过一位将自己的丈夫称为“奇葩”的妻子,她直言想与丈夫离婚.这个男人要求她在外面特别能挣钱,在家里还要照顾好老公和孩子.于是,我问她:“那你丈夫在家负责什么?”妻子回答说:“看电视、玩游戏、喝酒.”这么一听,这种没担当的丈夫真是应该被“休”了.可是,这种不平衡的关系是怎么建立起来的呢?这是因为刚结婚时,妻子相信“爱就是奉献”,心甘情愿地包办所有家务,让丈夫养成一种惯性思维——我歇着,你干活.时间久了,爱的付出和索取就发生了极度倾斜.

Objective:To develop the preliminary formulation of mental health scale for Beijing residents,and test its content validity.Methods:Adopting the expert assessment method,this paper invited twenty-one experts to as-sess the items of the mental health scale for the Beijing residents in February 2016.The enthusiasm of the experts is expressed in the return rate and the effective response rate.The authority of the experts is expressed in the expert au-thority score.The concentration and consistency of the experts'opinions were represented with the mean,coefficient of variation and coordinate.Results:The effective rate of retrieve was 80.95%,the expert authority score was 0.864, the mean of the items of the scale was from 1.82 to 3.81.The coefficient of variation for the items was between 0.11 to 0.59.The experts'coordinate coefficient was 0.22 with the P value less than 0.05.There was a further change in the twenty-two items of the scale according the experts opinion after removing the items which average value was low or the experts'opinions differ greatly.Conclusion:The mental health scale has a good content validity by experts'ap-praisal,and it can be used for the reliabilities and validities test.

This paper is based on the recent research of elderly residents'psychological stress and emotional problems.This paper mainly analyses the current situation and the influencing factor of mental stress and emotional problems of elderly residents,exploring the methods of stress coping and emotional management.Analysis results will have certain enlightenment and reference in current psychological work for elderly residents.

This article reviews the past five years'studies and compares methods of many techniques of different o-rientations,and translates the complicated theoretical into self-help methods.Self-support of the techniques'methods at cognitive orientation like cognitive behavior therapy,rational emotive therapy,psychological supporting therapy can come true by recording and correcting automatic thoughts in time,identifying irrational beliefs definitely,and gai-ning families'and friends'around favor.Self-help of the techniques'methods at behavioral orientation like cognitive behavior therapy,progressive muscle relaxation,music relaxation,meditation and self hypnosis,can also come true by means of instruction in instrumentals,helping from life partners or self-reliance.With the integration and the self-help of all kinds of stress management techniques,all kinds of psychological techniques at different orientation will be used more widely,so that they can become effective tools to ease community residents'stress and improve the level of mental health of community residents.

目的 探究心理治疗强迫症的临床效果.方法 以1例强迫症患者为对象,进行为期1年的心理治疗,观察临床治疗疗效.结果 治疗后患者强迫思维大幅度消逝,强迫行为的频次明显降低,强迫症症状得到一定程度的控制.结论 心理治疗对强迫症患者具有一定的疗效,值得临床推广和应用.

Objective To explore the effect of marital family-based psychological intervention in SLE patients on family assessment device FAD and index of well-being. Methods A total of 62 SLE patients,aged between 1 5 and 58,who were treated in out-patient of endocrine immune rheumatism center of Dongguan Kanghua hospital from June 1 ,201 2 to May 31 , 201 4.The experimental group was made up of 30 patients who,at random,volunteered to participate in an added marital family-based psychological intervention and the control group was composed of rest 32 cases.At the time of pre-intervention,post-inter-vention,3 months and 6 months after intervention,both groups were investigated with questionnaires of family assessment de-vice,index of well-being,index of general affect,and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index.The results were ana-lyzed with repeated measure variance analysis to explore the effect. Results There were significant multiple-comparison differ-ences by repeated measure variance analysis in the score of FAD’s total and sub-scale problem solving,affective responsiveness, affective involvement,general functioning (P <0.05)between experimental and control group after intervention.There were no significant repeated measure variance analysis differences in the score of index of well-being’total,but if enlarging confidence space to P <0.1 ,there were partial multiple-comparison differences between experimental and control group at the time of 3 months and 6 months after intervention (P =0.08 <0.1 ). Conclusion Marital family-based psychological intervention may significantly improve FAD’s problem solving,affective responsiveness,affective involvement,general functioning,and sum of FAD,and partially improve index of well-being,but can not improve SLEDAI which had developed by psychosomatic disease.

Objective To know about the demand for and satisfaction degree with community mental health service among urban residents in Beijing and promote the construction of urban community mental health service system in Beijing.Methods From March to July in 2015, we selected 2 urban communities from each of the two randomly selected districts in Beijing, one central urban district and one urban and rural combination district, and randomly selected 150 residents from each of the 4 communities.There were all together 600 residents enrolled and questionnaire survey was conducted.The questionnaire content included demand for and satisfaction degree with the community mental health service among residents, resorting will and mode when mental health problems occur, the problems of current management situation and advise.Results A total of 600 questionnaires were given out and 599 valid questionnaires were recycled with a valid recovery rate of 99.8%.A total of 18.9% (113/599) residents needed community mental health service very much, 36.1% (216/599) residents quite needed community mental health service, 31.0% ( 186/599 ) residents needed community mental health service slightly,&nbsp;11.2% (67/599) rarely needed community mental health service and 2.8% (17/599) did not need community mental health service at all.When the residents encountered the mental health problems, 18.7% (112/599) residents would definitely resort, 41.6% (249/599) residents were very likely to resort, 21.5% (129/599) residents probably would not resort, 9.9% (59/599) residents definitely would not resort and 8.3% (50/599) residents did not know that or refused to give answer.A total of 11.5% (69/599) residents were very satisfied with community mental health service, 26.0% (156/599) residents were satisfied, 49.1% (294/599) residents were barely satisfied, 11.7% (70/599) were not satisfied and 1.7% (10/599) had great dissatisfaction.When the residents encountered mental health problems, the favored resorting modes included confiding to relatives and friends (67.3%, 403/599), consultation in psychological clinics in comprehensive hospital (33.1%, 198/599) and psychological consultation in community health service center (24.7%, 148/599) .The problems of the current community health management included the lack of coordination and repetitive service content ( 31.7%, 190/599 ) , simple and crude venues and equipment (31.1%, 186/599) and lack of standardization of qualification of service settings (21.9%, 131/599). Among the residents, 24.1% (144/599) hoped that community mental health management can be included in the health system and planned dependently as a whole; 8.4% ( 50/599 ) hoped it could be included in civil affairs system and planned dependently as a whole; 17.0% (102/599) thought every form was acceptable and every region could freely develop its own form; 47.7% (286/599) hoped that municipal government should coordinate as a whole and departments of health and civil affairs and other organs should complement and coordinate with each other; 2.8% (17/599) had other thoughts.Conclusion Beijing residents have strong demand for community health service, but the satisfaction degree is not high.At present, community mental health services can not meet the urgent need of residents, which needs high attention by government sectors, and reform should be deepened and social superior resources should be integrated to promote synergetic development.

倦怠是因为瓶颈 从事一项工作,一干就是十几年、二十年,疲了,倦了,很正常.保姆天天打扫卫生、洗衣做饭,会计、出纳天天与数字和钱打交道.这些工作很单调,做久了就会倦怠.但是对他们又很重要,不能轻易放弃. 职业倦怠不完全是件坏事儿,很可能是将要迈上新的平台的前奏,前提是我们要做好更高目标的职业规划.一般的职业倦怠期,往往出现在个人职业生涯的瓶颈期.瓶颈期是什么呢?就是我的职务基本能够胜任,但是胜任不愉快.同时,自己会觉得疲惫.因为不能愉快地做事儿,就容易感到疲惫.一般情况下,当我们已经成功地度过了新入职、适应职场的阶段,又没有新的目标出现时,就容易进入倦怠状态.

Objective:To explore the influence and effect of psychological health education on mental health and psychological health awareness of community residents.Methods:1935 community residents in Beijing Chaoyang District were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group.The in-tervention group was given a one -year psychological health education.The mental health and psychologi-cal health knowledge questionnaire was used before and after the education.Results:①Before the mis-sion,awareness scores of these two groups were not statistically different;But after education ,the differ-ence was statistically significant (χ2 =25.11 ,P<0.01 );②In the intervention group ,the awareness scores was statistically different before and after the mission (χ2 =20.73 , P<0.01 );In the control group , the difference was not statistically significant.③Before and after the mission ,the poor of awareness condition of these two groups was statistically different (χ2 =11.34,P<0.01).Conclusion:Mental health educa-tion can improve the mental health of rural communities and the level of awareness of psychology health knowledge ,this education mode is worth promoting.

医患关系指以医生为主体的人群与以患者为主体的人群在医疗过程中发生的一种特殊的社会关系.我国正处于社会转型期,在医疗卫生领域的矛盾和冲突尤为突出.本文从精神分析的视角出发,抛开医患冲突的表象,对患者症状的由来及其潜意识中的心理防御机制进行分析,揭示出患者的移情源于对疾病、死亡的焦虑与恐惧,患者角色引发的无能感与弱小感,对安全、爱和尊重的需要,自我保护心理和性格特征等心理活动;而医生对患者的反移情对于医患关系而言是一把双刃剑.通过对医患互动的深度解读,为构建和谐医患关系提供建议.

对于喂奶的时机,我们的建议是,当孩子没有表达要吃奶的愿望时不主动喂奶;当孩子表达这个愿望时也不耽搁太长的时间. 成人的性格源于哺乳方式 我们在成人的世界里,经常会看到有一些人跟其他人的关系不密切,他们没有什么知心朋友,跟谁打交道时都怀有戒心;而另外一些人却很容易跟人打成一片,而且相处特别密切,容易轻信别人.我们可能劝太警惕的人,世界上90％以上的人都是好的,所以不用那么高的警惕性.

Counseling is an important part of community mental services. This article made a review of the research progress on common mental problems in specific community populations, such as adolescents, elders and women in particular physiological phases. The findings are as follows: anxiety and depression are the major emotional problems in adolescents;postpartum depression and menopausal syndrome are common mental problems in women; loneliness, anxiety and depression are common mental problems in elders. By the review of research progress on community psychological counseling methods, modes and features, the findings are as follows: behavioral therapy is the most common method in community psychological counseling and cognitive therapy takes the second place; individual counseling, group counseling and mental health education are the most common modes; in the current stage of community psychological counseling in China, there are differences from the case of community psychological counseling in western countries in the aspects of population, cost and mode.

婚内也要分清你我 人们在婚姻中经常会走入误区,有些理想化的观念是我们熟知的:“婚姻当中不要分你我”、“爱一个人就是奉献”、“你爱一个人的话,你付出要比索取更加幸福”等等.

目的：通过访谈法了解特殊群体在社会适应过程中遇到的心理问题，为政府采取适合特殊群体的心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查法和访谈法，以朝阳区农转非群体为例，随机抽取387名被调查人员进行了社区心理健康服务需求调查；使用了自编访谈提纲对随机抽取的20名被调查人员分三次进行了小组访谈。结果特殊群体在城市化过程中遇到的心理问题有：（1）特殊群体获取心理健康知识的途径仍以传统媒体为主。（2）特殊群体对心理健康的重要性认识不够。（3）特殊群体退休生活易产生孤独感的问题。（4）特殊群体因经济压力过大产生焦虑、无助感的问题。（5）特殊群体在社会适应过程中产生心理不适应的问题。（6）特殊群体在文化适应过程中产生身份认同的问题。结论特殊群体在生活中存在比较多的有待解决的心理困惑，传统的社区心理健康服务体系面临着考验，将积极心理健康教育的理念应用于针对农转非群体的心理健康宣教中为社区心理健康服务提供了新的视角。

Objective To investigate the adaptability and current problems of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test( AUDIT)in the cultural background of China through a systemic review of the research on the application of the Chinese version of AUDIT in the past decade. Methods With" Chinese" and" AUDIT" as the key words,we made a retrieval in the databases of PubMed,EBSCO,Springer,PsycInfo and FirstSearch;with" China" and" Alcohol Use Disordesr Identification Test" as key words,we made a retrieval in CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP;and a search time from January 2005 to December 2014. Results A total of 32 pieces of literature relevant with the translation,validity or application of the Chinese version of AUDIT were retrieved,and 4 pieces of literature were about the threshold value and reliability and validity of the Chinese version of AUDIT in alcohol use disorder identification,which showed that the threshold value was 7-13 and sensitivity and specificity were 85. 7% -97. 0% and 63. 0% -93. 4% respectively. In the literature about the application of the Chinese version of AUDIT in alcohol use disorder identification,the respondents included patients,medical workers,residents,students and workers in special working places. Most studies of the literatures included both male and female subjects with an age range of 15-65. Most literatures explored the human and social factors influencing alcoholic behavior. The results showed that the alcohol use disorder has correlation with psychological status,mental problems,life events degree of education,economic condition and the cognition toward relevant issues of alcohol. Conclusion The Chinese version of AUDIT has high effectiveness in alcohol use disorder identification,while its threshold value has not been identified. Current research focuses on a certain group of subjects,while there is a lack of research on females and elders and of indigenous research with international recognition.