科研能力是学术型病理学硕士研究生的必备能力,也是判断研究生培养质量的重要标准之一.学术型病理学硕士研究生作为科学研究的主力军,已成为国家科技发展的重要后备力量,受到了国家及各高校的高度重视.要想提高学术型病理学硕士研究生的科研能力,培养严谨的科研精神,激发他们的创新活力,就必须针对目前培养过程中存在的问题进行分析,并构建一套行之有效问题解决方案,充分发掘研究生的科研潜力,提高研究生的素质,从而不断为国家培养高素质的科研人才.

目前国内高等医学院校形态学实验室规模不尽相同,对实验室的建设和管理大多还处在探索阶段,缺乏规范化的实验室管理模式.文中从潍坊医学院形态学实验室的制度建设、仪器设备管理、试剂耗材管理、实验技术队伍建设、实验教学准备工作等几个方面,探讨普通高等医学院校形态学实验室的规范化管理模式.

Background and purpose:Progranulin (PGRN) is a novel growth factor that plays an important role in the tumorigenicity, tumor cell migration and cell cycle. Its expression in many malignant tumor cells is high. It is not only involved in tumor cell growth, but also closely related with the occurrence and evolution of tumor. This study was to investigate the expression of PGRN in gastric cancer and the effects on proliferation and senescence in gastric cancer cell line BGC823. Methods:Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PGRN in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues; Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of PGRN in PGRN-siRNA BGC823 cells;MTT method, cell colony formation and cell senescence experiments were used to explore the effects of PGRN on proliferation and senescence in BGC823 cell. Results:PGRN protein levels were high in gastric cancer tissues;Knocking down the PGRN gene in BGC823 decreased the proliferation and clonogenic capacity, cloning efifciency in PGRN-siRNA group was (25.3±3.1)%, in the control group was (72.1±5.7)%, and in the normal cells was (80.3±4.0)%, there was no signiifcant difference between normal group and control group, but there were signiifcant differences among PGRN-siRNA group and the other two groups (P<0.05);Knocking down the PGRN gene in BGC823 cells could promote cell senescence. The positive rate of aging in PGRN-siRNA group was (27.6±2.1)%, in the control group was (3.2±1.3)%, and in the normal group was (1.9±1.2)%, there was no signiifcant difference between normal group and control group. But there were signiifcant differences among PGRN-siRNA group and the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:PGRN can be used as a new marker for gastric cancer, and provide new ideas to the treatment of gastric cancer.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the influence of Raptor on the invasion ability of glioma cells.METHODS: The technique of RNA interference was used.U87 cells were transfected with Raptor restricted siRNA plasmid, and the expres-sion level of Raptor in the transfected cells was detected by Western blotting.The invasive ability of the cancer cells in vitro was determined.The phosphorylation level of ARK5 and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blotting.The expression levels of Raptor in the tumor samples of low-grade gliomas ( WTO grade I and grade II) and high-grade gliomas (WTO grade III and grade IV) were also analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: Raptor siRNA was transfected into U87 cells and the cells were named siRaptor/U87 cells.The cells transfected with the control plasmid was named Scr/U87 cells.The expression level of Raptor in siRaptor/U87 cells was lower than that in Scr/U87 cells.The results of in vitro invasion assay showed that the number of siRaptor/U87 cells penetrating the Matrivgel matrix membrane was less than that of Scr/U87 cells (P<0.01).The protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and phosphoryl-ation of ARK5 protein in the cells in the experimental group were lower than those in control group.The correlation between the expression of Raptor in gliomas and the degree of deterioration was also observed ( P<0.01) .CONCLUSION: The expression of Raptor may contribute to the invasion ability of glioma cells by phosphorylation of ARK5 and increase in the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

To investigate the mechanism of the tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) promoting invasion and metastasis of breast cancer,TAMs marker CD68,E-cadherin and Vimentin expression were detected in 80 invasive ductal carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry.The positive rate of CD68 in invasive ductal carcinomas was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissue.The expression of CD68 was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis and was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression while it was positively correlated with Vimentin expression.TAMs were separated from fresh invasive ductal carcinoma tissue and were confirmed by immunofluorescence.After being cultured in TAMs-conditioned medium,the MCF-7 cells morphological changed,the results of Transwell assay showed the invasion and metastasis ability of cells were obviously increased,and the results of Western blot showed that the expression of E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated and the expression of Vimentin was significantly up-regulated.The conclusion is that TAMs are closely related to invasion and metastasis of breast cancer and promoted MCF-7 cells invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT.

Objective To study the effects of lactational bisphenol A(BPA) exposure on the structure of testis and the expression of estrogen receptor α(ERα) of weanling male mice.Methods A total of 18 pregnant ICR healthy mice were randomly divided into six groups,high,moderate and low dose BPA groups(exposure doses were 50,5 and 0.01 mg/kg body weight),estrogen(E2) positive control group(exposure dose was 0.1 mg/kg body weight),corn oil negative control group and blank group(without treatment).The treatment was conducted after delivery,by gavage to maternal mice during postnatal days(PND) 2-21.The morphology changes of testis and the diameter of rat testis seminiferous tubular in different regions were determined,and immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to determine the expression of ERα.Results The seminiferous tubule showed regional aggregation and seminiferous tubules lumen increased significantly(P<0.05) in the outer area of testis transverse of the high-dose,low-dose BPA groups.The average diameter of seminiferous tubules in the regional aggregation arrangement was longer than that of all seminiferous tubules from some testis transverse in negative group(P<0.05).The expressions of ERα were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05) in the testes of all BPA-treated groups,which were negatively correlated with BPA doses.Conclusion During lactational stage,exposure to a certain dose of BPA can influence the normal development of testicular cells,interfere with the arrangement and maturity of the seminiferous tubules and decrease the expression of ERα in the testicular tissue of male mice.