为了观察日粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对育肥猪采食量和生长速度的影响,设计了2个试验.结果表明在65～95 kg育肥猪日粮中额外添加白酒糟酵母培养物,可以降低猪群造肉成本,并对其采食量和生长性能没有不利影响.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of fermented feed mulberry powder on growth per-formance, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Ningxiang pigs. Ninety Ningxiang pigs with average body weight of about 30 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates(pens)per group and 6 pigs per replicate. Pigs in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ were fed the fermented diets supplemented with 9%, 12% and 15% feed mulberry powder and the unfermented diets supplemented with 9% feed mulberry powder. The trial was divided into 2 stages, 1 to 50 days of earlier growth stage and 51 to 75 days of later growth stage. The results showed as follows: 1)the ratio of feed to gain of Ningxiang pigs in groupⅠwas significantly lower than that in control group and groupⅣfrom 1 to 50 days(P<0.05). 2)Compared with control group, the average backfat thickness of Ningxiang pigs in groupsⅠ, Ⅱ, ⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased(P<0.05). 3)Compared with control group,the content of to-tal cholesterol in serum of Ningxiang pigs in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased(P<0.05). The content of total protein in serum of Ningxiang pigs in groupⅠat the 50thday was significantly higher than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.05). In conclusion,feed mulberry powder has better feeding effects after fermented,it is able to reduce average backfat thickness of Ningxiang pigs, improve meat quality and reduce the content of total cholesterol in serum. The fermented diets supplemented with 9% feed mulberry powder can decrease the ratio of feed to gain,and promote the growth performance of Ningxiang pigs.

本试验旨在研究博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及脂质过氧化的影响。选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡750羽，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加抗生素（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg抗敌素，29～56日龄为5 mg/kg黄霉素；抗生素组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%；多糖组）、博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；博落回组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%）+博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；多糖+博落回组）。试验期56 d，分为1～28日龄和29～56日龄2个阶段进行。结果表明：1）1~28日龄时，各组黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。29~56日龄和1~56日龄时，博落回组的ADFI显著高于其他各组（P0.05）。2）28日龄时，与对照组相比，其他各组黄羽肉鸡的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和尿素氮（BUN）含量显著降低（P<0.05），血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性极显著降低（P<0.01）；多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组的血清ALP活性极显著低于抗生素组（P<0.01）。56日龄时，与对照组相比，其他各组的血清ALP活性极显著降低（P<0.01），血清LDH活性显著降低（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，博落回组黄羽肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率、多糖组和多糖+博落回组的腿肌率均显著提高（P<0.05）；与抗生素组相比，博落回组和多糖+博落回组的胸肌率和腿肌率及多糖组的腿肌率均显著提高（P<0.05）；博落回组的胸肌率显著高于多糖组（P<0.05）。肌肉于4 ℃保存2、4、6 d后，与对照组相比，其他各组的肌肉丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著降低（P<0.01）；与抗生素组相比，多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组4 ℃保存2 d后的肌肉MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01），4 ℃保存6 d后的肌肉MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能和血清生化指标均有改善作用，其中，博落回生物碱的作用效果优于茶籽多糖，且二者均能延长鸡肉在4 ℃时的保存时间；这说明博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖均能替代抗生素在肉鸡中的使用，且二者联用与单独添加效果相当

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响及博落回血根碱的抑菌活性.选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡750羽,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加抗生素(1～28日龄为10 mg/kg抗敌素,29～56日龄为5 mg/kg黄霉素;抗生素组)、茶籽多糖(0.04％;多糖组)、博落回生物碱(1～28日龄为10 mg/kg,29～56日龄为20 mg/kg;博落回组)、茶籽多糖(0.04％)+博落回生物碱(1～28日龄为10 mg/kg,29～56日龄为20 mg/kg;多糖+博落回组).试验期56 d.采用琼脂扩散纸片法和试管液体二倍稀释法分别测定博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果和最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明:多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组(P<0.05).与对照组和抗生素组相比,多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠内容物中乳酸杆菌数量极显著升高(P<0.01).博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌和巴氏杆菌中度敏感,对大肠杆菌低度敏感,对沙门氏菌高度敏感.博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌的MIC分别为25.00、25.00、12.50和1.56μg/mL.综上所述,饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱均能替代抗生素,可有效改善黄羽肉鸡的空肠形态结构,提高空肠中的乳酸杆菌数量,二者联合使用与单独添加效果相当;博落回血根碱对沙门氏菌有较强的抑菌效果,其效果优于青霉素钠.

Combination of planting and breeding has changed the traditional agricultural production way, which provides a direction for the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the concept and characteristics of circular agricultural economy, the significance of the development of planting and breeding were discussed. The technical modes and paths of planting and breeding from four professional dimensions of pig, dairy, poultry and fishery were put forward, and the problems in the development of the current breeding and recycling agriculture were analyzed. The paper puts forward the promotion and input of strengthening the planting and breeding, increasing the research intensity of the planting and breeding, strengthening the development of planting and breeding, and the construction of industrial parks.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of sorghum to replace corn on growth performance, slaughter performance, intestinal morphological structure and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 350 healthy 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers with similar body weight were randomly selected and allocated to 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate.Each group was fed one of seven diets: basal diet (control), America sorghum, Hunan sorghum and Inner Mongolia sorghum replacing 30% corn, respectively, America sorghum, Hunan sorghum, Inner Mongolia replacing 50% corn, respectively.The feeding period lasted for 56 days, and was divided into early stage (1 to 28 days of age) and later stage (29 to 56 days of age).The results showed as follows: 1) compared with control group, three different sources of sorghum replacing corn by 30% and 50% had no adverse effects on growth performance.2) Compared with control group, the percentage of abdominal fat of broilers feeding Hunan sorghum to replace 50% corn was significantly higher (P<0.05), while other slaughter performance indices were not significantly different among groups (P>0.05).3) At early stage, compared with control group, there were no significant differences in villus height, crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value in duodenum, villus height and V/C value in jejunum, and villus height and crypt depth in ileum (P>0.05);compared with control group, America sorghum replacing 50% corn significantly increased ileum V/C value (P<0.05).4) At early stage, with the increase of the replacing proportion of Inner Mongolia sorghum and Hunan sorghum, serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased slightly (P>0.05);at later stage, with the increase of the replacing proportion of Inner Mongolia sorghum and Hunan sorghum, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was increase, and it was significantly increased when the replacing proportion was 50% (P<0.01).In conclusion, there is no adverse effect on growth performance of yellow-feathed broilers feeding different sorghum instead of corn.The yellow-feather broilers feeding Inner Mongolia sorghum to replace 50% corn achieve the best effect according to intestinal mucosa morphological and serum antioxidant indices.

毛蕊花糖苷是一种苯乙醇苷类物质，在自然界多种植物内广泛存在。众多研究表明毛蕊花糖苷能改善动物的肉质和乳品质，提高动物生产性能。本文综述了毛蕊花糖苷的抗氧化作用、抗炎作用等生物学功能，总结了毛蕊花糖苷最新的提取工艺以及定量定性分析方法，介绍了其在动物生产中的应用，旨在为毛蕊花糖苷在动物生产中的进一步应用提供帮助。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound enzyme preparation and probi-otics supplementation in sorghum diets on the slaughter performance, meet quality, apparent metabolic energy ( AME) and major nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 900 healthy 1-day-old Liangfenghua broilers with the nearly same weight were randomly selected and allocated to 5 groups of control group, sorghum group, sorghum+compound enzyme preparation group, sorghum+probiotics group and sorghum+compound enzyme preparation+probiotics group. Each group contained 6 replicates and 30 broilers per replicate. The experiment period was 68 days, which divided into three stages of early ( 1 to 28 days of age) , late ( 29 to 56 days of age) and digestibility experiment ( 57 to 68 days of age) . The sorghum was the substitute for about 30% corn and compound enzyme preparation supplemental level was 200 g/t in the experimental groups in early period;the sorghum was the substitute for about 50% corn and compound enzyme preparation supplemental level was 300 g/t in the experimental groups in late period;and the probiotics supplemental level was 100 g/t in the ex-perimental groups in whole period. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the ap-parent digestibility of crude fiber ( CF) in the sorghum+compound enzyme preparation group and the sorghum+compound enzyme preparation+probiotics group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the AME and other nutrient apparent metabolic rates in experimental groups had no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ) . 2 ) Compared with the control group, the percentage of half-eviscerated yield of broilers in the sorghum+probiotics group and the sorghum+compound enzyme preparation+probiotics group was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in the other indicators of slaughter performance among different groups ( P>0.05) . 3) Compared with the control group, the lightness ( L?) value of chest muscle of broilers in the sorghum+compound enzyme preparation+probiotics group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the redness ( a?) value of leg muscle of broilers in all experimental groups was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, the addition of compound enzyme preparation and probiotics in sorghum diets can im-prove the apparent digestibility of CF, and has no adverse effects on slaughter performance and meat quality of broiler.

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent metabolizable energy ( AME ) and compare the difference of nutrient digesibility of different sources sorghum by feeding yellow?feathered broilers. Twenty four 56?day?old healthy male yellow?feathered broilers were randomly allocated to four groups with six replicates per group and one broiler per replicate according single?factor randomized design. The experimental diets were the American sorghum, Hunan sorghum and Inner Mongolia sorghum to replace 20% corn in the basal diet, re?spectively, and evaluated the AME and compared the difference of nutrient digesibility of American sorghum, Hunan sorghum and Inner Mongolia sorghum. The experimental period lasted for 7 days, including 2 periods of 4?day pre?test period and 3?day test period. The results showed as follows:1) the AME of Inner Mongolia sorghum was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of American sorghum and Hunan sorghum for 12.17% and 15.81% ( P<0.01) . 2) The apparent digesibility of crude fiber ( CF) of Inner Mongolia sor?ghum was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of American sorghum and Hunan sorghum for 23.81% and 27.87% (P<0.01); closely followed by the apparent digesibility of CF of American sorghum, which was significantly higher than that of Hunan sorghum for 3.28% ( P<0.01) . The apparent digesibility of ether extract ( EE) of Inner Mongolia sorghum was significantly lower than that of Hunan sorghum for 0.05%( P<0.01) . There were no significant difference in the apparent digesibility of crude protein ( CF) , dry matter (DM), crude ash (Ash) and nitrogen?free (NFE) of different sources sorghum (P>0.05). In conclusion, the AME of American sorghum, Hunan sorghum and Inner Mongolia sorghum by substitution method are 13.39, 12.97 and 15.02 MJ/kg, respectively. The AME and the apparent digesibility of EE and CF of differ?ent sources sorghum have significant differences, and the apparent digesibility of the other nutrients have no significant differences.

乳化剂是一类表面活性剂,能乳化油脂.添加乳化剂能改善动物对油脂的消化吸收,改善畜产品品质,提高生产效率.本文综述了乳化剂的概念、分类、作用以及乳化剂在畜禽和水产养殖业中的应用效果,为今后的研究及广泛应用提供参考..

文章综述了血根碱的生理功能,并对其在畜牧生产的应用现状进行分析,探讨其作为饲料添加剂的应用前景.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of "water enzyme method" tea seed meal on growing and finishing pigs, the possibility that tea seed mea used as feed ingredient was dis?cussed. Through single factor experiment design, the ratio of tea seed meal replace wheat bran in feed formula were 3%(group 1), 4%(group 2), 5%(group 3), the control group was nomarl feed without tea seed meal. This experiment was conducted to choose 72 barrows(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), which were allotted to 4 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 6 barrows per replicate.Growth perfor?mance, and related blood biochemical indexes were determined. The results in growing process showed as follows: ①The ADG among control group, group 1 and group 2 were no significantly different(P>0.05), control group was significantly higher than group 3(P<0.05); F/G showed no significantly differ?ent among four groups(P>0.05). ②serum aspar?tate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotrans?ferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(UREA) and al?kaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no significant difference among four groups(P>0.05). The diar?rhea was in the normal range.The results in finishing process showed as follows:①The daily intake among control group, group 1 and group 2 were no significantly different(P>0.05), control group was significantly higher than group 3(P<0.05); The ADG of control group was sig?nificantly higher than others(P<0.05), The ADG of group 1 was significantly higher than group 3(P<0.05). The F/G of control group was significantly lower than others(P<0.05), the F/G among group 1, group 2 and group 3 had no significant difference (P>0.05). ②The content of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in control group were not significantly higher than others(P>0.05), the content of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) in control group were significantly lower than others(P<0.05). ③Organs were normal after slaughtered. This experiment showed that: water enzyme method tea seed meal has certain value in the feed, with low adding(less than 4%);The active ingredi?ent such as polysaccharide and polyphenol which was left from oil extraction was help to protect the health of pigs.

As a kind of phenylpropanoid glycoside, various plants contain verbascoside. Some researches showed verbascoside could improve meat and milk quality and increase animal performance. This article re?viewed the main biological functions such as antioxidation and anti?inflammatory, and the latest available ex?traction, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, as well as application of verbascoside in animal produc?tion. This review could be helpful to further application of verbascoside in animal production.

In this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNAs of Chinese duck, Anas platyrhynchos, population from two different areas of Hunan province in China. The Anas platyrhynchos breed Linwu duck (LW) sample was taken from the Linwu county of Chenzhou city, and the Anas platyrhynchos breed Youxian duck (YX) sample was taken from the Youxian county of Zhuzhou city. The lengths of their complete mitochondrial genome were 16,604 bp (LW) and 16,606 bp (YX), respectively. The organization of the two Anas platyrhynchos breed mitochondrial genomes was similar to those reported from other duck mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J computational algorithms showed that the analyzed species are divided into four major clades: Anatinae, Anserinae, Dendrocygninae and Anseranatidae. Also, the Linwu duck and Youxian duck have highly similar phylogenetic relationship.

microRNA是一类真核生物内源性具有调控功能的小分子非编码单链RNA,参与构建了基因转录后水平的复杂调控网络,具有多种重要的生物学功能.本文综述了microRNA在动物三大营养物质脂类、糖类和蛋白质氨基酸代谢中调控作用的研究进展,为动物营养代谢的相关研究提供参考.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Linwu duck was first reported in Human Province, which was determined through PCR-based method. Linwu duck is one of the famous native breed in China. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,604bp, with the base composition of 29.20% for A, 22.21% for T, 32.82% for C, 15.78% for G, in the order C>A>T>G feature occurring in the Linwu duck. It is made up of 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Linwu duck in Human Province provides an important data for further study about genetic mechanism and breeding.

酵母提取物是从酵母源中提取的一种特殊的产品,富含酵母蛋白、细胞壁和核苷酸.大量研究认为,酵母提取物含有的营养和功能性成分具有提高机体免疫力、调节胃肠道功能、抑制病原菌、吸附霉菌毒素等作用.文章就酵母提取物在畜禽生产中的应用做以概况综述.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Yanling white goose was reported in Human Province first, which was determined through PCR-based method. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,742bp. It contains the typical structure, including 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region) as that of most other vertebrates. The overall composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 30.22% for A, 22.70% for T, 32.02% for C and 15.07% for G. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for COX1, COX2 and ND5 are GTG, ND6 is CTA. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Yanling white goose in Human Province provides an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism of poultry.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L) is a (poly) phenol-rich edible berry. Based on the properties of phenolic compounds, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of blue honeysuckle extract (BHE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model and macrophage-like (RAW264.7) cell model. Oral administration of BHE in the range of 75–300 µg/g BW attenuated AIA symptom as reducing paw edema in rats. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly reduced in BHE-fed rat. The production of inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in the spleen was also significantly suppressed. Moreover, serum transaminases including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were inhibited, and the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were recovered. Finally, the major bioactive components in BHE were identified as (−)-epicatechin (EC) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), which were proven to suppress the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, accompanied by enhancing the level of Nrf2 and HO-1 in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated that BHE rich with EC and C3G attenuated rat AIA symptom with crosstalk of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of botanical sanguinarine replacing tryptophan of low pro-tein diets on portal vein plasma flow rate and amino acids metabolism of piglets by testing portral vein plasma flow rate ( PVPF) , net absorptivity of amino acids and plasma urea nitrogen of piglets. Twelve growing pigs ( body wight about 20 kg, Duroc×Landrace ×Large White) were used to install blood intubation ( carotid arter-y, portal vein and mesenteric vein) , randomly divided into 4 treatment, each treatment with 3 pigs. Low pro-tein diet was the low-protein group, low protein diet without supplementary tryptophan was the lacking trypto-phan group, low protein diet with tryptophan replacement by sanguinarine was the sanguinarine group, normal diet was normal diet group. The results showed as follows: 1) PVPF was on the rise until stabilization in the later period with the feeding time, portal vein blood flow rate within 6 h of the lacking tryptophan group was lower than that of other groups, but no significant difference was observed ( P>0.05) . 2) The portal vein net absorption levels of lysine, tryptophan and arginine of the lacking tryptophan group was significantly lower than that of other groups ( P<0.05) , but no significant difference was observed between low-protein group, sangui-narine group and normal diets group (P>0.05). The portal vein net absorption levels of essential amino acid and total amino acid of the lacking tryptophan group was significantly lower than that of other groups ( P<0.05) , but no significant difference was observed between low-protein group and sanguinarine group ( P>0.05) . 3) The net absorption of the plasma urea nitrogen were closed in all groups, and no significant differ-ence was observed ( P>0.05) . In conclusion, the PVPF and net absorptivity of amino acids in portal vein of piglets are affected by feeding low protein diet without adding tryptophan;the PVPF, total amino acids in por-tal vein and net absorptivity of essential amino acids and total amino acids of piglets are increased by feeding low protein diet with sanguinarine but not trytophan, but the net absorptivity of plasma urea nitrogen is not af-fected.