Microwave-stabilized rice aleurone layer flour (MSF) was prepared (600 W, 150 s, 18% moisture) and added (0-5%) to early-indica rice flour blends and semi-dried rice noodles (SDRNs). In blends, MSF decreased L*, b* but increased a*; improved water-holding, water absorption, solubility, swelling power; increased gelatinization temperatures but lowered pasting viscosities; reduced G ', G '' but enhanced gel hardness, cohesiveness, springiness (with uniform pores). For SDRNs, MSF increased breakage and cooking loss, yet improved sensory scores (aroma, appearance, texture) and hardness. Springiness increased then decreased; >5% caused cracks. MSF redistributed moisture (less weakly bound, more tight/free water) in SDRNs, decreased RDS (9.8%) and SDS (7.5%), raised RS (7.5%), lowering eGI and GL. MSF enhanced gel quality and nutrition, but addition <= 5% is critical for balance.

As an edible flavoring agent, 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) has been reported for its broad-spectrum antifungal activity in recent years, highlighting its potential as an alternative to conventional chemical antifungal agents. However, its efficacy against Aspergillus ochraceus and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of 2-EH on A. ochraceus, elucidated its action mechanisms, and conducted grain fumigation experiments to validate its practical efficacy. The results demonstrated that 2-EH effectively inhibited A. ochraceus spore germination, hyphal growth, sporulation,and ochratoxin A (OTA) production in vitro, Treatment of 2-EH led to spore surface depression and fragmentation, cytoplasmic leakage, and organelle destruction, accompanied by increased extracellular conductivity and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Transcriptional analysis revealed that 2-EH downregulated key OTA biosynthetic genes (pks, nrps, bzip, and hal), global regulatory factors (laeA and veA), and ergosterol biosynthesis genes (Erg2 and Erg11). Grain fumigation experiments confirmed that 2-EH effectively reduced total mold count, free fatty acid content, and OTA levels in corn, wheat, peanuts, and unhulled rice. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting 2-EH's potential as an effective fumigant for grain storage.

To investigate the changes of epidermal wax and its relationship with storage tolerance in harvested grapes,Summer Black grapes and Shine Muscat grapes were selected as the grapes models.The microstructures of the grapes epidermal wax were detected by SEM,and the compositions of the epidermal wax were detected by GC-MS.The changes of fruit weight loss rate,hardness,MDA,total phenol and other quality indexes during storage were analyzed,the effects of epidermal wax on the nutritional quality and storage preservation of grape fruits were studied.The results showed that the content of epidermal wax in the two kinds of grapes showed a"W"trend.The epidermal wax content in Summer Black grapes was significantly higher than that in Shine Muscat grapes(P＜0.01),and the contents were 36.66 mg/100 g and 26.90 mg/100 g at the end of storage,respectively.The SEM results showed that the epidermal waxy structure of Summer Black grapes was stacked flake crystal with pores,while the one of Shine Muscat grapes had more uniform structure distribution with small or even no pores during storage.The correlation between the compositions content of the epidermal wax and the storage quality of the two grapes showed different rules.The main compositions of epidermal waxy were fatty acids(49.84％～81.00％),primary alcohols(0.10％～1 1.68％),esters(0～9.41％),aldehydes(0.43％～8.83％)and alkanes(0.90％～6.66％).With the increase of storage time,the weight loss rate,threshing rate,and MDA content of grapes were increased,while the hardness,the contents of reducing sugar,total phenol and vitamin C were decreased,the storage quality of grapes were reduced.Correlation analysis results showed that high fatty acid content in epidermal wax of Summer Black grapes accelerated lipid peroxidation in fruit cells,which was consistent with a significant positive correlation(P＜0.05)between weight loss rate,MDA content,and other factors,which was not conducive to maintaining the fruit nutritional quality.The content of esters in the epidermal wax of Shine Muscat grapes was significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C and total phenol content(P＜0.05),significantly reducing the antioxidant capacity of the fruit.This study provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of grape epidermal wax in the storage and preservation of different varieties of grapes.

Chitosan (CS), a naturally derived cationic polysaccharide, demonstrates considerable promise in tumor-targeted drug delivery owing to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and modifiable molecular architecture. Nevertheless, its inherent limitations in aqueous solubility and hydrophobic drug loading capacity constrain its broader application. Recent advancements, employing molecular engineering strategies coupled with sustainable process optimization, have substantially improved its solubility profile and efficiency in encapsulating hydrophobic therapeutics. These refinements effectively potentiate the versatility and efficacy of CS-based carriers for delivering diverse payloads, including chemotherapeutic agents and biomacromolecular drugs. Moreover, the strategic integration of targeting ligands into CS nanocarriers, synergized with multi-mechanistic therapeutic regimens, is propelling CS nanoparticles to the forefront as a pivotal tumor-specific therapeutic paradigm. Beyond its therapeutic merits, this CS nanoplatform establishes a paradigm for sustainable biomaterial engineering in oncology. It shows how rational molecular design enables bio-derived polymers to overcome inherent limitations for multifunctionality, providing a blueprint to engineer next-gen biopolymer delivery systems and accelerate convergence of materials science, nanotechnology, and precision medicine. This review systematically details the full development pathway for CS-based delivery systems, from biomass utilization and molecular functionalization design to nanoparticle fabrication and multi-mechanism therapeutic strategies, aiming to expedite the clinical translation of next-generation, CS-derived anti-tumor nanoplatforms.

Fermented mustard is a traditional Chinese vegetable product with complex flavor profiles shaped primarily by microbial activity during fermentation. Although several studies focus on single fermentation systems, few have integrated microbial diversity and metabolomics. This study investigated the effects of three fermentation techniques, i.e., jar fermentation (JFM), pool fermentation (PFM), and bury fermentation (BFM), on the quality attributes, microbial community composition, and metabolite profile of fermented mustard. JFM was predominantly characterized by Lactobacillus and Wickerhamiella, creating a stable microaerobic environment that promoted lactic acid accumulation and ester synthesis. BFM showed higher abundance of potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, suppressing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) activity. Metabolomics revealed 8447 metabolites, with lipids, organic heterocyclic compounds, and phenylpropanoids as key flavor contributors. These findings establish that JFM's microaerobic environment selectively enriches beneficial Lactobacillus-Wickerhamiella consortia while suppressing spoilage taxa, driving superior quality and safety through distinct metabolic pathways. This comparative framework provides targeted strategies for optimizing traditional mustard fermentation.

Mustard is traditionally prepared through natural fermentation. However, this method is associated with food quality issues, including long fermentation periods, inconsistent quality, and high nitrite (NIT) levels. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SYS-4 was prepared as a direct solid fermentation agent using vacuum freezedrying. The response surface method was employed to optimize the concentration of the protective agent and evaluate its storage stability. Fresh mustard was inoculated with the fermentation agent, and the quality parameters of the mustard during fermentation were comprehensively analyzed. The findings showed that the optimal concentration (g/100 mL) of the lyophilized protective agents, determined by response surface analysis, was 12.50 trehalose, 5.50 mannitol, and 12.00 skimmed milk. Under these conditions, the survival rate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SYS-4 freeze-drying agent reached 80.15 +/- 1.04 %. The viable bacteria count was significantly negatively correlated with storage time, storage temperature, and water activity (Aw) (P < 0.05), with maximum storage stability observed at Aw levels between 0.10 and 0.12. Compared to natural fermentation, inoculation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SYS-4 significantly decreased the time required for acid accumulation, accelerated the fermentation endpoint (pH 3.45, total acid content of 0.74 %), prevented the formation of the "nitrite peak,' and decreased NIT levels. Headspace Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis identified esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, and nitriles. Esters were the dominant flavor compounds in both methods. However, the relative ester content increased by 7.01 % with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SYS-4 fermentation, while the content of characteristic flavor compounds, such as allyl isothiocyanate, decreased. Sensory evaluation showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SYS-4 fermentation reduced the spiciness of mustard, yielding a milder flavor profile with a more pronounced sour flavor. Furthermore, the inoculated fermentation preserved the desirable texture of natural fermentation while enhancing overall acceptability.

This study investigated the effects of preharvest calcium treatments at different developmental stages on the cuticular wax composition of Summer Black grapes and their correlation with fruit storage quality (4 ± 0.5 °C) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Calcium chloride (5 g/L) was applied at the flowering, fruit-setting, and veraison stages. Changes in cuticular wax content and composition were analyzed, along with associated indicators of storage quality and ROS metabolism. Calcium treatment increased wax content and preserved wax structure integrity during storage. Fatty acids dominated wax composition (41.38-95.64% across groups). After 60 d of storage, calcium-treated grapes showed lower weight loss and berry detachment rates and higher fruit firmness, reducing sugars, titratable acids, and protopectin content than those of the control group, with the flowering stage treatment yielding the best results. Additionally, grapes treated at the flowering stage exhibited lower levels of superoxide anion (O2 ·-), malondialdehyde (MDA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and higher scavenging rates of DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals. They also showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), and increased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C compared to the control group, indicating the calcium treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant capacity. This study elucidates how calcium treatment maintains fruit storage quality and regulates ROS metabolism through modulation of cuticular wax composition, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving fruit preservation.

Combined treatment with melatonin (MT) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a novel compound hormone preservation technology, but there are few studies on its effects in Shine Muscat grapes. This study used Shine Muscat grapes to investigate the effects of MT and EBR co-treatment on the regulation of cell wall metabolism reactive oxygen species. After 56 days of storage, combined treatment with MT and EBR maintained structural integrity of the cell wall and cellular organelles, delayed the decrease in cellulose content and original pectin and the increase in soluble pectin, and inhibited the activity of cellulase, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, and beta-galactosidase. The process of cell wall metabolism was slowed down and cell dissolution was inhibited during storage. At the same time, MT+EBR +EBR treatment group inhibited the increase MDA content and production rate after harvest, and increased the contents of the total phenolic and flavonoid. the end of storage, MDA content in fruit and fruit stalk of MT+EBR +EBR group was decreased by 19.03 %, 26.05 compared with MT groups and decreased by 21.59 % and 31.39 % compared with EBR groups. MT+EBR treatment group could not only effectively improve the hydroxyl free radical clearance rate and 2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate of grape fruit and fruit stalk during storage, but also improve superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumaric acid-coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase enzyme activity(C4H). These results suggest the combined MT/EBR treatment can maintain grape fruit firmness by regulating fruit cell wall metabolism, slowing down cellular microstructure damage, enhancing enzymatic antioxidant defense system, delaying harvest senescence, and prolonging the storage period.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with brain aging, and the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins are key pathological features. Currently, drugs for the treatment of AD are mainly single-targeted, but the complex pathogenesis of AD makes it difficult to achieve the desired results. Therefore, the development of multitargeted therapies is crucial for future interventions. Rice bran oil (RBO) has been recognized as an edible oil with several health benefits, but its effects on AD caused by brain aging remain underexplored. In this study, the effects of RBO on memory dysfunction in D-galactose (D-gal) mice and its molecular mechanisms were investigated via in vivo and in silico methods from the perspective of AD pathologies. Our results suggested that compounds in RBO could modulate the activities of Aβ precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), leading to inhibition of Aβ accumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, RBO reduced Aβ-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the activity of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein binding protein (CREBBP), and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activity of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and reducing Aβ accumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, α-linolenic acid in RBO exhibited inhibitory effects on D-gal-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through modulation of NOS2, MDM2, ICAM1, and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Similarly, stigmastanol inhibited apoptosis in D-gal-induced PC12 cells through the regulation of NOS2. Thus, RBO can be considered as a potential functional food to attenuate AD owing to its multicomponent and multitarget effects.

Porous starch (PS) was prepared from rice starch via composite enzymatic hydrolysis, and three drying methods (natural, oven, vacuum freeze-drying) were comparatively analyzed for their impacts on structural and functional properties. This study first establishes the critical relationship between drying-induced crystallinity changes and adsorption performance in PS. Freeze-dried PS (Fd-PS) demonstrated optimal structural integrity with enhanced short-range molecular order, uniform particle distribution, and superior thermal stability. Fd-PS exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities for water (0.9952 f 0.0204 g/g), soybean oil (0.9663 f 0.032 g/g), and methylene blue (2.139 f 0.005 mg/g), and the 60-day cumulative retention rate of Fd-PS with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was highest for 43.74 % in open system. The preserved porous architecture through freezedrying facilitated effective essential oil encapsulation, demonstrating significant antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella) with inhibition zone diameters measuring 14.72 f 2.12 mm, 18.27 f 0.29 mm, and 15.5 f 1.06 mm for the bacteria. Mechanistic analysis revealed that ice sublimation during freeze-drying minimizes structural collapse, maintaining pore integrity critical for adsorption and controlled release. These findings systematically validate vacuum freeze-drying as the optimal post-treatment for PS production, providing theoretical support for its application in active food packaging systems requiring high adsorption capacity and sustained antimicrobial efficacy.

To provide insights into the antifungal effect of 2-ethylhexanol, its effects on Aspergillus flavus spore germination, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, cell damage, related gene expression, and control of A. flavus in maize, wheat, and peanuts were evaluated. A. flavus spore germination was completely inhibited by 2-ethylhexanol at 0.17 μL/mL using fumigation method, or at 0.78 μL/mL using liquid mixing method. A. flavus biomass and AFB1 content were substantially reduced, the cell wall and cell membrane were disrupted by 2-ethylhexanol, causing cell content leakage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA damage. Furthermore, A. flavus genes related to ergosterol synthesis and aflatoxins global regulator were downregulated by 2-ethylhexanol. The A. flavus population, free fatty acid and AFB1 content of the three tested grains were notably reduced by 2-ethylhexanol fumigation. These results demonstrated the potential application value of 2-ethylhexanol in the control of A. flavus in food and grains.

Calcium treatments are effective in reducing grapevine berry cracking. However, the underlying mechanism of calcium on grapevine berry cracking is not well-known. This work aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of calcium treatment regulating grapevine berry cracking. 5 g/L of calcium chloride was sprayed at flowering period (A), early (B) and late (C) fruit development period of grapevine, non-calcium sprayed treatment as control (D). The molecular mechanism of calcium treatment on berry skin cracking was studied by RNA-seq. Meanwhile, the key genes [pectin lyase gene (VITPL1)] were analyzed for function verification of overexpression. The other glycan degradation, Peroxisome, Oxidative phosphorylation, Plant hormone signal transduction, and Diterpenoid biosynthesis (p < .05) were directly related to fruit cracking. Meanwhile, 20 genes related to antioxidase were identified, treatment with calcium increased the expression of genes associated with the antioxidant enzyme. Transcripts related to the xanthine dehydrogenase and abscisic aldehyde oxidase (ABA pathway) were found to be down-regulated. 70 genes related to cell wall catabolism were identified, treatment with calcium decreased the expression of genes associated with cell wall catabolism. Furthermore, the VITPL1 gene has a strong effect on grapevine fruit cracking. Calcium treatment significantly reduced the expression level of VITPL1. Calcium can reduce fruit cracking by increasing the level of antioxidant enzyme genes, and decreasing the level of ABA synthesis genes and cell wall catabolism genes (in particular, VITPL1) in the pericarp. Meanwhile, overall A treatment group was the more effective.

This study investigates the formation and mitigation of warmed-over flavor (WOF) in pre-prepared steamed pork with preserved vegetables (PSPPV) using natural spice extracts. Employing headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), electronic nose analysis, and sensory evaluation, the study explored the changes in flavor and WOF at different key processing points of PSPPV, as well as the impact of spice extracts on the product's quality and WOF. A total of 126 volatile components were detected across the processing stages. Volatile flavor compounds with OAV>10 included eucalyptol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, n-hexanal, 2-heptanone, and ethyl acetate, while 1-octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, 2-heptanone, and (E)-2-decenal were identified as the primary WOF factors. As processing progressed, the oxidation level of PSPPV increased significantly, with WOF factors mainly forming during the steaming and sterilization processes and reaching the highest levels during sterilization. The addition of rosemary, cinnamon, onion, licorice, and clove extracts, as well as compound spice extracts, significantly reduced the oxidation level of PSPPV and the content of WOF-related compounds such as n-hexanal, n-nonanal, and 2-heptanone. However, these extracts had no significant effect on the content of 1-octen-3-ol, n-octanal, and n-capric aldehyde. Moreover, the natural flavor compounds in the spice extracts enriched the flavor profile of PSPPV. These findings provide valuable insights for the pre-prepared food industry, highlighting the potential of natural spice extracts as effective antioxidants and flavor enhancers.

Exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) derived from plants are nanoscale vesicles isolated from edible plant sources. Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM) has garnered growing attention for its dietary value and therapeutic benefits. In this study, a PEG6000-based method was developed to isolate LRM-ELNs. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions to obtain the optimal extraction efficiency. When PEG6000 concentration was at 11.93%, relative centrifugal force was 9720 g, and incubation time was 21.12 h, the maximum LRM-ELN yield was 4.24 g/kg. This optimization process yielded LRM-ELNs with a particle size of 114.1 nm and a surface charge of −6.36 mV. Additionally, LRM-ELNs mitigated Aβ-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells by enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lowering the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and reducing Cleaved Caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, LRM-ELNs alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulating the expression of HO-1 and NQO1. These findings indicate that LRM-ELNs exert protective effects against Aβ-induced damage in HT22 cells and may be considered as a potential dietary supplement for Alzheimer’s disease prevention.

The diversity of metabolites produced in fermented pine needles at different stages of fermentation has rarely been investigated. In the present study, untargeted metabolomic analysis using GC-MS and LC-MS was performed to detect metabolites in fermented pine needles at different fermentation stages. A total of 30 samples of pine needles fermented first with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and then with a mixed bacterial culture of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and Bifidobacterium Breve M16V, were used to detect differential metabolites at different stages of fermentation. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine correlations between metabolites and key microbial communities. A total of 708 differential metabolites (430 from LC-MS and 278 from GC-MS analysis) were identified. The PCA and OPLS-DA revealed distinct differences between metabolites at different fermentation stages. Key differential metabolites identified through GC-MS analysis sylglycerol, 2-Isopropylmalic acid, alpha-D-Galactose, Citrate, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, and Shikimate. Similarly, key differential metabolites identified through LC-MS included; 2-Phenlyethanol, Dimethlglycine, 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid, p-Cresol, Triethylamine, 2-Ketobutyric acid, Cytosine, Benzaldehyde, and Creatinine. Annotation of differential metabolites to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the association of these metabolites with phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results showed that three bacterial (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Lactobacillus) and three fungal genera (Penicillium, Candida, and Basidiomycota) significantly correlated with differential metabolites showing synergistic effects. Our study reveals a comprehensive comparison of metabolites at different fermentation stages and provides practical insights into the mechanism of metabolite enrichment in fermented pine needles.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus species exhibit biocontrol activity against fungal pathogens of fruits and vegetables. However, research on the effect of VOCs on Aspergillus flavus in stored grains is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VOCs extracted from the strain R2, which was isolated from unhulled rice and identified as Bacillus paramycoides on A. flavus in vitro and unhulled rice. R2 VOCs effectively inhibited conidial germination and the hyphal growth of A. flavus in vitro. Moreover, R2 VOCs reduced the fungal population, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels, and free fatty acid (FFA) value by 90.8%, 67%, and 38.7%, respectively, in unhulled rice. Eighteen R2 VOCs were identified using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the individual activity of the VOCs against A. flavus was tested in vitro. Benzaldehyde (Ben) and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol (Dmo) showed strong inhibitory activities against A. flavus on PDA plates, with inhibition rates of 100% and 91.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 20 μL/dish. Ben at the concentration of 0.09 mg/mL, Dmo at the concentration of 0.07 mg/mL, or a mixture of both at halved concentrations could reduce the fungal population, AFB1 levels, and FFA content in unhulled rice. Our findings suggest that R2 VOCs are good alternatives to traditional chemical fumigants for suppressing A. flavus in stored grains. However, further research is necessary to establish the optimal fumigation concentration of these two components in unhulled rice. The impact of their residues on grain quality should be explored through sensory evaluation and nutritional analysis, and their safety to the environment and human body should be evaluated through safety assessment.

Because of high moisture content,blueberries are susceptible to disease and insect infestation leading to corruption and deterioration,which has serious influence on the shelf life of blueberry fruits.This article summarizes the cause mechanism of postharvest quality deterioration of blueberry fruits and the research progress of blueberry preservation technology at home and abroad,mainly including physical,chemical and biological preservation methods;and emphasizes the application of biological methods in the postharvest preservation of blueberries.

With the emergence of the new generation vision architecture Vmamba and the further demand for agricultural yield and efficiency, we propose an efficient and high-accuracy target detection network for automated pear picking tasks based on Vmamba, aiming to address the issue of low efficiency in current Transformer architectures. The proposed network, named SRSMamba, employs a Reward and Punishment Mechanism (RPM) to focus on important information while minimizing redundancy interference. It utilizes 3D Selective Scan (SS3D) to extend scanning dimensions and integrates global information across channel dimensions, thereby enhancing the model's robustness in complex agricultural environments and effectively adapting to the extraction of complex features in pear orchards and farmlands. Additionally, a Stacked Feature Pyramid Network (SFPN) is introduced to enhance semantic information during the feature fusion stage, particularly improving the detection capability for small targets. Experimental results show that SRSMamba has a low parameter count of 21.1 M, GFLOPs of 50.4, mAP of 72.0

To address the urgent need for agricultural intelligence in the face of increasing agricultural output and a shortage of personnel, this paper proposes a high precision object detection network for automated pear picking tasks. The current object detection method using deep learning does not fully consider the redundant background information of the pear detection scene and the mutual occlusion characteristics of multiple pears, so that the detection accuracy is low and cannot meet the needs of complex automated pear picking detection tasks. The proposed, High-level deformation-perception Network with multi-object search NMS(HDMNet), is based on YOLOv8 and utilizes a high-level Semantic focused attention mechanism module to eliminate irrelevant background information and a deformation-perception feature pyramid network to improve accuracy of long-distance and small scale fruit. A multi-object search non-maximum suppression is also proposed to choose the anchor frame in a combined search method suitable for multiple pears. The experimental results show that the HDMNet parameter amount is as low as 12.9 M, the GFLOPs is 41.1, the mAP is 75.7%, the mAP50 reaches 93.6%, the mAP75 reaches 70.2%, and the FPS reaches 73.0. Compared with other SOTA object detection methods, it has the transcend of real-time detection, low parameter amount, low calculation amount, high precision, and accurate positioning.

The adulteration of camellia seed oil with different processes will seriously violate the rights and interests of consumers. The accurate identification of camellia seed oil processes is of great significance to reduce such illegal activities. However, the fatty acid composition of camellia seed oil is complex and the content varies greatly in the same process, while the difference is small in different processes. This multivariate data are easy to lead to the fuzzy characteristics of camellia seed oil, which increases the difficulty of identifying camellia seed oil quality. To solve these problems, we propose a multi-scale interactive attention network (MIANet) for the accurate identification of camellia seed oil. Firstly, a one-dimensional multi-scale convolutional feature extraction method (OMCM) was proposed, which was used to reduce the difference from multivariate fuzzy features and better solve the problem of fuzzy features of camellia seed oil fatty acids with the same process. Secondly, the interactive attention mechanism (IA) was proposed to enhance the deep characteristics of multivariate fatty acids from the fusion of two dimensions, so that the model paid more attention to the subtle differences between different processes, and effectively solved the problem of fuzzy fatty acid characteristics of camellia seed oil in different processes. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of MIANet, MIANet is compared with classical machine learning methods such as SVM, KNN, LR, LDA, QDA, classical deep learning method AlexNet, and the most advanced deep learning methods such as DMCNN and HCA-MFFNet. The accuracy of MIANet reached 94.10