目的研究实验室品系中华按蚊成蚊及幼虫对常用杀虫剂的敏感性,为中华按蚊的抗药性测定和比较提供参考品系。方法测定成蚊抗药性水平参考WHO对按蚊的诊断剂量使用接触筒法;测定幼虫对双硫磷、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、多杀菌素、呋虫胺的半数致死浓度(LC 50 )及其95%置信限（95%CI）使用WHO推荐的浸渍法。结果中华按蚊成蚊对4%DDT（1 h）死亡率为56.5%;对0.05%溴氰菊酯（1 h）、0.05%高效氯氰菊酯（1 h）和0.75%氯菊酯（1 h）死亡率均为100%,对0.025%溴氰菊酯（1 h）、0.025%高效氯氰菊酯（1 h）和0.25%氯菊酯（1 h）死亡率分别为100%、99.6%和100%;中华按蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、双硫磷、多杀菌素、呋虫胺的LC 50 值（95%CI）分别为0.0025（0.0021~0.0030）、0.0047（0.0035~0.0062）、0.0190（0.0156~0.0224）、0.1125（0.0921~0.1407）、0.0047（0.0035~0.0062）和0.1744（0.1653~0.1840）mg/L。结论本实验室品系中华按蚊成蚊对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂敏感,对DDT有抗性。

Objective The efficacy of spinosad Natular G30 against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was evaluated at differentdoses with comparing sewage habitat and small body of water with waste plants habitat,so as to provide evidence for mosquitocontrol.MethodsUsing wild Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae and water in sewage and small body of water in Haikou,Hainan province, the efficacy of Natular G30 at 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L was tested, percentage reduction was taken as efficacy index.The pH, temperature, total solids, salinity, dissolved oxygen of habitat water were determined at any two points of time during thetrial period.ResultsThere were significant differences(P0.05) between pH and dissolved oxygen in the two habitats, whileno differences between temperature, total solids, salinity. The pH and dissolved oxygen of sewage water were(9.62±0.43) and(12.79±3.01) mg/L, and those in small body of water with wasted plants were(8.91±0.39) and(7.77±3.46) mg/L. The residualefficacy of Natular G30 at 10 mg/m2and 20 mg/m2against Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus in sewage breeding site lasted for 12 days,while 40 mg/m2and 80 mg/m2in both habitats was more than 30 days. In two tested habitats, after one day of Natular G30 using,the first and second instar mosquito reduction was nearly 100%, but for the third and forth instar larvae, 100% reduction date wasat three to seven days. To our surprise, the reduction of pupae was negative after one day insecticide applied.ConclusionSpinosad has high and long-lasting efficiency against Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae. Its effectiveness is better when appliedin the habitats of small body of water with wasted plants than that of sewage. Spinosad has a very higher efficacy to control thefirst and second instar young larvae than the third and forth instars larvae, but no noticeable effect on pupae. To controlCx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, the spinosad rate should be adjusted based on the characteristics of habitat water.

目的 评估淡色库蚊抗药性测定中容器类型对结果的影响,确定能否用一次性杯子代替玻璃烧杯进行实验,从而达到提高实验效率的目的.方法 从野外采集淡色库蚊幼虫,用WHO推荐的幼虫浸渍法,分别测定在玻璃烧杯、一次性塑料杯或一次性纸杯3种容器类型下,淡色库蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯、仲丁威和双硫磷的LC50及95％可信区间(95％CI),并比较其差异.结果 在玻璃烧杯、一次性塑料杯和一次性纸杯依次作为实验容器的条件下,淡色库蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯的LC50及95％CI分别为0.002 009 (0.001 654～0.002 449)、0.003 858 (0.003 062～0.005 224)和0.005 459 (0.004 051～0.008 757) mg/L,玻璃杯与2种一次性杯子间的结果差异有统计学意义;对仲丁威的LC50及95％ CI分别为0.3470(0.3059～0.3821)、0.2575(0.2118～0.3095)和0.4844 (0.4460～0.5232) mg/L,玻璃杯与一次性塑料杯差异无统计学意义,与一次性纸杯差异有统计学意义;而对双硫磷的LC50及95％CI分别为0.000 955(0.000 816～0.001 094)、0.003 007(0.002 661～0.003 407)和0.003 830(0.003 450～0.004256) mg/L,玻璃杯与2种一次性杯子间差异均有统计学意义.用不同杯子测定蚊幼虫对杀虫剂的敏感性,溴氰菊酯的测定结果受浓度的影响小于双硫磷;双硫磷浓度越高杯子的影响越小.结论 在对蚊幼虫的抗药性测定中,玻璃杯是最佳选择,而一次性杯子可能因对杀虫剂有吸附作用而使测定的结果发生偏差,使用一次性杯子替代玻璃杯时应该特别注意现做评估.

Mosquito-repellent perfume is one of the most commonly used products which is made up of perfume and repellents against mosquito. Currently, DEET, BAAPE, icaridin and plant essential oil are been used for mosquito repellent. Based on information from the national pesticide registration system and the publications, this paper gave an overview on mosquito-repellent products of China, and summarized the common sense of action mechanism, application, and the safety characteristic on DEET and BAAPE to help the public using these products conveniently.

目的了解我国部分地区猫、犬的饲养及其猫栉首蚤感染情况,为猫栉首蚤及其相关传染病的预防控制提供依据。方法采用入户调查法,在北京市、青岛市和云南省部分农村及城乡结合部调查猫、犬的养殖情况;用体表蚤、游离蚤、蚤卵调查和回顾调查等方法,调查家猫、流浪猫和家犬的猫栉首蚤感染率;用蚤卵调查法研究北京地区猫栉首蚤的季节发生规律。结果 （1）北京市郊区,64.52%～83.87%的农户养犬,平均0.84～1.87只/户,其中69.2%～86.8%的犬为散养;2.94%～6.45%的农户养猫,为散养。青岛市平度农村40.43%的农户养犬,平均0.50只/户,＞36.5%的犬为散养。（2）北京市郊区和青岛市农村的猫,猫栉首蚤感染率为100%;而犬的蚤感染率仅为3.85%～19.15%,为人蚤和猫栉首蚤。（3）在北京市郊区,冬季猫栉首蚤产卵量依然较大。结论在我国农村和城乡结合部,家犬的养殖量较大,家猫的饲养很少,猫主要以流浪猫形式存在。流浪猫的猫栉首蚤发生普遍,且全年发生;应加强流浪猫的管理,关注猫栉首蚤及其相关人兽共患传染病的预防控制。