目的了解云南省登革热流行及聚集特征,为今后针对性防控措施的制定和完善提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集云南省2013-2020年报告的登革热病例数据,利用ArcMap 10.7软件绘制分布地图、SaTScan v9.3软件进行空间扫描分析。结果 2013-2020年,云南省106个县（区）累计报告登革热病例14 031例,其中本地病例11 505例、境外输入病例2 507例、省外输入病例19例;疫情呈"锯齿状"升高态势。总体疫情扫描探测出2个一级聚类区和2个二级聚类区（均P＜0.05）,一级聚类区为景洪市[对数似然比（LLR）=22 647.97]和瑞丽市（LLR=10 125.08）,二级聚类区为勐腊县（LLR=1 167.76）和耿马县（LLR=1 061.22）。2013、2015、2017和2019年均扫描探测出一级聚类区。本地病例出现在边境10个县,境外输入病例主要来源于东南亚和非洲国家,缅甸、柬埔寨和老挝是主要来源国。上半年以输入病例为主、下半年以本地病例为主,7月开始上升,8-10月达高峰期,11月开始下降。发病数男女性别比为1∶0.88,15～60岁年龄组占79.78%,发病前5位人群构成分别为商业服务人员（20.95%）、农民（20.52%）、家务及待业人员（11.17%）、离退人员（8.97%）和学生（7.31%）。结论云南省登革热疫情形势严峻,亟待做好输入病例管控、媒介伊蚊监测及控制工作,为登革热可持续控制提供保障。

目的比较云南省瑞丽和景洪市登革热流行特征,为两市登革热精准防控提供依据。方法收集2006-2018年云南省瑞丽及景洪市登革热本地和输入病例信息,采用SPSS 22.0和R 3.6.2软件进行统计学分析。结果2006-2018年,瑞丽市共报告登革热病例3 022例,其中输入病例占59.13%（59.00%为境外输入）,本地病例占40.87%;景洪市报告的3 923例病例中,输入病例占3.08%（其中3.01%为境外输入病例）,本地病例占96.92%;瑞丽市输入病例数是景洪市的14.77倍,两市输入病例年龄主要集中在16～45岁,主要来源于东南亚国家,尤其是缅甸。两市的输入病例和本地病例在性别、年龄、职业和发病至诊断间隔时间上差异均有统计学意义（χ~2=7.529、14.169、201.686,均P＜0.05;χ~2=18.342、43.723、557.247,均P＜0.001;Mann-Whitney U=75 032.500、2 116 735.000,均P＜0.001）。结论瑞丽市登革热病例境外输入较多,景洪市以本地病例为主;建议两市相关部门加强登革热病例监测,及时发现、隔离、治疗和采取疫情处置措施。

目的分析2012-2018年广东省恙虫病流行特征及变化趋势,预测其发病趋势,为评价恙虫病防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2012-2018年广东省恙虫病病例信息,进行描述性流行病学分析,并应用时间序列基于季节性差分的自回归积分移动平均模型（ARIMA）建立预测模型,比较2019年的观察值和预测值评估模型,预测2020年发病情况。结果 2012-2018年广东省共报告恙虫病病例33 490例,发病呈逐年增加的趋势,主要集中在6-10月;50～60岁年龄组病例数最多,女性病例数多于男性,农民发病占比最高（65.49%）;使用月度恙虫病病例数据拟合ARIMA模型为（1,1,1）（0,1,1）12,贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）为879.36,Ljung-Box统计量检验残差序列为白噪声序列,调整R~2=0.377,模型拟合效果较好,2019年实际值基本在预测值的95%可信区间内,模型预测效果较好。结论广东省恙虫病有逐年增加的趋势,主要发病人群为50～60岁、女性、农民,ARIMA模型能够较好地预测广东省恙虫病病例的变化情况,提示有关部门应在恙虫病高发季节加强重点人群的宣传教育和疫情防控。

目的收集和分析重庆市2020年登革热媒介伊蚊监测资料,为重庆市防控媒介伊蚊传播的疾病提供依据。方法选择2019年重庆市登革热出现本地疫情的万州区、渝北区和沙坪坝区以及未出现本地病例的黔江区、大足区和垫江县为调查点。采用布雷图指数法和诱蚊诱卵器法监测伊蚊幼虫,采用双层叠帐法监测伊蚊成蚊。利用Excel 2010软件对重庆市6个调查点媒介伊蚊监测结果进行分析,对登革热进行初步的风险评估。结果重庆市2020年4—12月平均布雷图指数（BI）为4.50,全市6—9月平均BI＞5,存在登革热传播风险。其中沙坪坝区6月,渝北区6—7月,万州区7—8月平均BI＞10,存在登革热暴发风险;平均诱蚊诱卵指数（MOI）为2.15,渝北区7月和8月平均MOI＞10,存在登革热暴发风险;平均媒介伊蚊成蚊密度为0.86只/（顶·h）。沙坪坝区和垫江县伊蚊密度帐诱指数较高,分别为1.81只/（顶·h）和1.48只/（顶·h）,其次为万州区1.04只/（顶·h）,沙坪坝区6—9月,万州区6—7月,垫江县5—6月及8—9月媒介伊蚊成蚊密度均＞2只/（顶·h）。结论 2020年重庆市不同区县,不同月份登革热媒介伊蚊传播疾病风险不同,渝北区、沙坪坝区和万州区相对风险较高。建议各区县持续加强媒介伊蚊监测和风险评估,为重庆市蚊传疾病的科学防控提供依据。

疟疾是经媒介按蚊叮咬传播的媒介生物传染病,曾给我国造成沉重的疾病、经济和社会负担。经过长期卓有成效的疟疾控制和消除行动,2021年6月我国获得世界卫生组织消除疟疾认证。从新中国成立初的"除害防病"爱国卫生运动,到20世纪80年代的"媒介蚊虫综合治理",到21世纪初提出的"媒介生物可持续控制",再到消除疟疾阶段的"疫点处置媒介按蚊控制",70余年来我国媒介按蚊防控策略不断演进创新,防控技术不断更新完善,在我国消除疟疾中发挥了关键作用。目前,我国为巩固消除疟疾成果,防控疟疾输入引起再传播流行风险,仍面临巨大压力和严峻挑战,务必继续做好境内媒介按蚊可持续控制,更要积极加入全球消除疟疾行动,分享中国疟疾媒介按蚊分层、可持续控制策略和实践经验,为实现"人类卫生健康共同体"美好愿景贡献中国智慧、策略和技术。

目的 评估2019年5月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 总体上,预计5月突发公共卫生事件的报告数将较4月有所上升,可能以水痘、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、感染性腹泻等事件为主.全国手足口病将进人流行高峰期.登革热将继续出现境外输入病例,广东、浙江、海南和云南等高风险地区存在出现本地病例的可能,并可能出现小规模暴发疫情.人感染禽流感疫情呈低发态势,仍可能继续出现人感染H7N9禽流感或其他亚型动物流感病毒散发病例.食物中毒即将进入高发期,细菌性食物中毒及毒蘑菇中毒将增加.刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病疫情仍将持续发生,但输入我国的风险低.结论 需要对手足口病予以重点关注,对登革热、人感染禽流感、食物中毒、刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病予以一般关注.

由病媒生物传播的传染病在我国传染病中占有较大的比例,长期以来一直严重危害人民群众健康。特别是近年由于全球气候变暖、生态环境变化以及经济全球化、贸易和人口流动增加等因素影响,造成新发及输入性病媒传播疾病在我国不断涌现,同时一些传统的病媒传播疾病流行区域不断扩展,流行强度不

目的 了解河南省白纹伊蚊幼虫密度及其季节消长情况,为媒介传染性疾病的预防控制提供基础资料.方法 2016年5-10月在河南省选取17个监测点,采用布雷图指数(BI)法、容器指数(CI)法和诱蚊诱卵器(MOI)法对白纹伊蚊幼虫进行监测,对比不同指数的消长趋势.结果 河南省白纹伊蚊幼虫平均BI、CI和MOI分别为23.51、15.30％和7.86;以7-9月为密度高峰期,BI、CI和MOI最高值分别出现在8、9和8月,依次为32.40、20.26％和25.77,BI和CI均呈单峰分布,MOI呈双峰分布.结论 白纹伊蚊在河南省城乡居民区广泛分布,密度较高,季节高峰在夏秋季.建议各地深入开展城乡环境卫生整治行动,清除闲置小型积水和蚊虫孳生地,避免登革热、寨卡病毒病和黄热病等伊蚊传播疾病的暴发流行.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies, both the indigenous ones and the imported ones from foreign countries, which might occur in mainland of China in July 2018. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies of July 2018 would continue to decrease, mainly caused by the decreasing of chickenpox, mumps and other common infectious diseases outbreaks among students as the summer vacation is coming. However, the food poisoning and heat stroke will rise. According to the occurrence of the previous 5 years, the outbreak events of infectious diseases in July may be mainly caused by hand, foot and mouth disease, dengue fever, infectious diarrhea and brucellosis. The importation risk of dengue will continue to rise, and the risk of local transmission of dengue will also rise among those areas where aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are endemic, particularly in the metropolises of Southern China and the areas which have points-of-entry. According to the meteorological forecast, the risk of flood will increase in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the basin of Haihe river, and there may be two or three typhoons landing on China; so disease prevention and control after flooding should be concerned in those possible flood areas. Internationally, the risks of importation of Rift Valley fever from Kenya, ebola virus disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo and measles from Brazil are low. Conclusion It is expected that the public health emergencies in mainland of China in July 2018 will be on the normal seasonal decline. However, particular attention should be paid to the dengue fever, food poisoning and heat stroke, and close attention should be paid to the disease prevention and control after flooding. There is no special foreign public health events which should be concerned in mainland of China in July 2018.

目的 评估2018年10月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计10月突发公共卫生事件的报告数将比9月有所上升,可能以水痘、手足口病、登革热、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病和流行性感冒等传染病以及食物中毒事件为主.其中登革热仍将处于疫情高发期,虽然报告病例数比2017年低,但2018年发生本地传播的疫点较多,加上近期南方台风频繁登陆、蚊媒控制难度大,仍需关注疫情持高不下的风险.随着气温下降,北方流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫情会出现下降.食物中毒事件将会下降.刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病输入我国的风险仍然较低.需提示国庆长假期间注意旅行相关传染病.结论 需要重点关注登革热,对于乙脑、食物中毒、埃博拉病毒病输入风险和国庆旅行卫生予以一般关注.

Objective To assess the risks of public health emergency and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in October 2017.Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies,it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies or communicable diseases in October would be similar to that in September in 2017.The risk of local dengue fever outbreaks in some southern provinces remains high;and the risk of local transmission caused by imported casesstill exists.The risks of the importations of Chikungunya fever Zika virus disease and other mosquito-borne diseases to China and causing local transmission following importation in areas where competent vectors still exists.Sporadic cases of human infection with influenza A (H7N9) virus would continue to be reported.The autumn and winter incidence peak of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is coming.The incidence of viral diarrhea caused by norovirus would be high.The incidence of respiratory disease,such as seasonal influenza,mumps and varicella,would increase seasonally.Condusion The incidence of public health emergencies or communicable diseases in October 2017 would be similar to that in October in previous years and that in September.Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases,such as dengue fever,Chikungunya fever and Zika virus disease,HFMD,viral diarrhea,human infection with H7N9 virus and seasonal influenza.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in November 2017.Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results Sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus might occur.The incidences of seasonal influenza and other respiratory diseasemight increase.Dengue fever epidemic would gradually weaken in November,but imported case might induce local outbreak in tropical areas,such as Hainan province.Recentplague epidemic in Madagascarposes a risk of the disease spread to China,causing local transmission,but the possibility of large scale transmission is low.Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies in November would be higher than that in October in China;and it is necessary to pay close attention to the public health impact of human infection with H7N9 virus,seasonal influenza,dengue fever,plague and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in August,2017.Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results Due to the epidemic of dengue fever in southeast Asia countries,the imported dengue fever cases into China would continue to increase,and the risk of local dengue fever transmission in southern provinces would increase.The other mosquito-borne diseases,such as Zika virus disease,would also show the same incidence and transmission patterns as dengue fever.Food poisoning would occur more frequently as more rural feasts and graduation celebrating feasts would be held in this season.July-August is also the high incidence season of poisonous mushroom poisoning.The incidences of water-borne,food-borne,zoogenic and contagious infectious diseases might increase after flood disasters in some areas.Due to the high temperature and humidity in August,the incidence of heatstroke could reach its peak of the year.Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies and case numbers would be lower in August than in July in China.Close attention should be paid to Zika virus disease,dengue fever,Middle East respiratory syndrome,food poisoning and the public health risks caused by flood,typhoon and heat wave.

Objective To assess the risks of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in May 2017.Methods An interaet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in provincial centers for disease control and prevention were invited to attended this video conference.Results It is predicted that the reported public health emergencies and disease case number would continue to increase,and the annual peak might occur in May.The incidence of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) showed no further decline in late April,so the incidence of H7N9 virus infection would remain at a high level in May.The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease would increase gradually.Due to the warming climate and the increased incidence of mosquito borne diseases in neighboring countries of China,the risk of importation of dengue fever and Zika virus disease has increased and small local outbreaks would occurred in southern provinces.but the possibility of large scale outbreaks is very low.Close attention should be paid to the possible importations of Middle East respiratory syndrome and yellow fever.Conclusion It is predicted that the reported public health emergency and disease case numbers would be higher in May than in April,2017.It is necessary to pay more attention to the public health risks of human infection with avian influenza virus,mosquito-borne diseases,hand foot and mouth disease,and food poisoning.

Objective To assess the risks of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in June 2017.Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies,it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies or communicable diseases in June would be lower than that in May.The most public health emergencies in June would be the outbreaks of varicella,hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),mumps and other infectious diarrhea in schools.Sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus would continue to be reported with a higher epidemic level than previous years,and there might be the possibility of clustering of human infections with H7N9 virus and other avian influenza virus.The risk of importation of vector borne diseases,including dengue fever,Zika virus disease and yellow fever,still exists,and local transmission following the importation might occur.It is still a season when HFMD is prone to occur.The incidence of food poisoning would increase,mainly caused by microorganisms.Conclusion The incidence of public health emergencies or communicable diseases in June would be lower than that in May,similar to the same period in previous years.Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus,mosquito borne diseases,HFMD and food poisoning.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in July 2017.Methods An intemet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies,it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies or communicable diseases would be lower in July than in June 2017 mainly due to the decline of communicable disease outbreaks in schools during summer vacation.The epidemic of dengue fever is serious in southeast Asia,and the imported cases to China would continue to increase,which might cause local transmission in southern provinces.There is the risk of importation and local transmission of Zika virus disease,Chikungunya fever and other mosquito borne diseases.The incidence of food poisoning would continue to increase,especially those occurring after rural dinner party and graduation dinner party.July-August is the period when the incidence of mushroom poisoning is high,which is the main death cause of food poisoning.The risks of waterborne,foodbome and contagious diseases as well as zoonosis might increase after flood disaster.The incidence of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus would continue to decline in July,but sporadic cases might be still detected.July is the period with high incidence of heat stroke due to high temperature and humidity.Conclusion It is predicted that less public health emergencies would occur in China in July 2017.However,it is still necessary to pay close attention to dengue fever,Zika virus disease,Chikungunya fever and other mosquito borne diseases,food poisoning and the risk of communicable diseases or public health emergencies after natural disasters;and pay attention to human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus and heat stroke.

目的 评估2016年5月国内外突发公共卫生事件及需要关注传染病的风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(直辖市、自治区)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 根据既往传染病和突发公共卫生事件监测数据,预计5月全国报告事件数和病例数将继续呈上升态势,可能达到全年最高峰.近期我国仍有可能出现寨卡病毒病、登革热、黄热病、基孔肯雅热等蚊媒传染病的输入性病例,广东、云南、海南、福建、广西和浙江等重点省份存在输入后发生本地传播的可能.全国手足口病流行强度将逐渐进入高峰,重症和死亡病例将逐渐增多.人感染禽流感疫情仍可能呈散发态势.食物中毒事件将逐渐上升.结论 2016年5月我国的突发公共卫生事件可能达到全年的最高峰;需重点关注伊蚊媒介传染病(如寨卡病毒病、登革热、黄热病、基孔肯雅热)和手足口病所引发的公共卫生风险.

Objective The efficacy of spinosad Natular G30 against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was evaluated at differentdoses with comparing sewage habitat and small body of water with waste plants habitat,so as to provide evidence for mosquitocontrol.MethodsUsing wild Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae and water in sewage and small body of water in Haikou,Hainan province, the efficacy of Natular G30 at 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L was tested, percentage reduction was taken as efficacy index.The pH, temperature, total solids, salinity, dissolved oxygen of habitat water were determined at any two points of time during thetrial period.ResultsThere were significant differences(P0.05) between pH and dissolved oxygen in the two habitats, whileno differences between temperature, total solids, salinity. The pH and dissolved oxygen of sewage water were(9.62±0.43) and(12.79±3.01) mg/L, and those in small body of water with wasted plants were(8.91±0.39) and(7.77±3.46) mg/L. The residualefficacy of Natular G30 at 10 mg/m2and 20 mg/m2against Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus in sewage breeding site lasted for 12 days,while 40 mg/m2and 80 mg/m2in both habitats was more than 30 days. In two tested habitats, after one day of Natular G30 using,the first and second instar mosquito reduction was nearly 100%, but for the third and forth instar larvae, 100% reduction date wasat three to seven days. To our surprise, the reduction of pupae was negative after one day insecticide applied.ConclusionSpinosad has high and long-lasting efficiency against Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae. Its effectiveness is better when appliedin the habitats of small body of water with wasted plants than that of sewage. Spinosad has a very higher efficacy to control thefirst and second instar young larvae than the third and forth instars larvae, but no noticeable effect on pupae. To controlCx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, the spinosad rate should be adjusted based on the characteristics of habitat water.

Objective To investigate the species composition and population density of mosquitoes before impoundment and after recession in the fluctuating zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir region and to provide a basis for surveillance of mosquito vector and mosquito?borne diseases. Methods Four surveillance sites were established in the typical fluctuating zones at upper, middle, and lower streams of the Three Gorges Reservoir region. For each surveillance site, 3 lamp trapping cages were placed at each of the three different altitudes (10 m altitude difference). The surveillance was carried out before impoundment and after recession in 2010. Results In 2010, a total of 101 mosquitoes were captured with 90 lamp?times, which belonged to 4 species: Culex tritaeniorhynchus, which accounted for 21.78% (n=22); Anopheles sinensis, which accounted for 16.83% (n=17); Cx. pipiens, which accounted for 16.83% (n=17); Armigeres subalbatus, which accounted for 6.93% (n=7); other species, which accounted for 37.63% (n=38). Conclusion The fluctuating zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir region provide breeding sites for mosquitoes. Mosquito density is low in these areas, and shows a decreasing trend with increasing altitude. Vector of Japanese encephalitis, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and malaria vector, An. sinensis, exist in these areas.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different vector mosquito control measures for malaria in Yongcheng through field tests.Methods Vector monitoring was conducted in villages using different vector prevention and control measures,where mosquitoes of anopheles were captured every ten days using 50 mosquito nets indoors in early morning and using human baits outdoors at night.Results A total of 79 anopheles mosquitoes were captured by nets in early morning,accounting for 33.33%,with other captives of 158 accounting for 66.67%.The average anopheles density was 0.18/net per capture in the control group,and 0.03,0.03,0.05 and 0.06/net per capture in the impregnated-net group,residual spraying group,impregnated-net plus larviciding group and residual spraying plus larviciding group,respectively.Albeit effective in reducing anopheles density(F=4.553,P0.01),these measures were not deemed different in the effects.The average man-biting rate was 0.10 mosquito/(person·night) in the control group,and 0.02,0.01,0.03 and 0.03 mosquito/(person·night) in the impregnated-net,residual spraying,impregnated-net plus biological larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups,respectively.Though effective in reducing man-biting rates(F=5.261,P0.01),the measures were not considered different in the effects.At different monitoring sites,183 anopheles mosquitoes were captured outdoors by human baits at night,accounting for 15.69%,with other captives of 983 accounting for 84.31%.The average anopheles density was 2.48/h in the control group,and 0.76,2.12,0.24,1.08 and 0.64/h in the impregnated-net,residual spraying,biological larviciding,impregnated-net plus larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups,respectively.The mosquito density in the impregnated-net,biological larviciding,impregnated-net plus larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups was lower than that in the control group,and the density in the residual spraying group was higher than those in the impregnated-net,biological larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups.The average man-biting rate was 12.40 mosquitoes/(person·night) in the control group,and 3.80,10.60,1.20,5.40 and 3.20 mosquitoes/(person·night) in the impregnated-net,residual spraying,biological larviciding,impregnated-net plus larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups,respectively.The man-biting rates in the impregnated-net,biological larviciding,impregnated-net plus larviciding and residual spraying plus larviciding groups were lower than that in the control group,while the rate in the residual spraying group was higher than those in the impregnated net,biological larviciding and impregnated-net plus larviciding groups.The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the outdoor anopheles density in October and the incidence of malaria in November(r=0.945,P0.01),and a positive correlation between the corrected man-biting rate in October and the incidence of malaria in November(r=0.927,P0.05).Conclusion The above prevention and control measures were effective in reducing both indoor and outdoor anopheles density as well as man-biting rates in Yongcheng city;however,the advantages and disadvantages of specific measure should be further studied.