以针灸推拿学专业学生为研究对象,在温病学课程教学中让其制作情景剧短视频,通过问卷调查了解教学效果.结果发现情景剧教学方法可以激发学生学习兴趣,提高主动学习和思考能力,加强课堂内外师生互动,增强学习效果.

IntroductionThe adverse effects of high glucose on embryos can be traced to the preimplantation stage. This study aimed to observe the effect of high glucose on early-stage embryos. Methods and resultsSeven-week-old ICR female mice were superovulated and mated, and the zygotes were collected. The zygotes were randomly cultured in 5 different glucose concentrations (control, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM and 80mM glucose). The cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst were used to assess the embryo quality. 40 mM glucose was selected to model high glucose levels in this study. 40mM glucose arrested early embryonic development, and the blastocyst rate and total cell number of the blastocyst decreased significantly as glucose concentration was increased. The reduction in the total cell number of blastocysts in the high glucose group was attributed to decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, which is associated with the diminished expression of GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3). Furthermore, the metabolic characterization of blastocyst culture was observed in the high-glucose environment. DiscussionThe balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation at the blastocyst stage was disrupted. And embryo development arrest due to high glucose is associated with changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as abnormalities in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism.

Context: Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has a protective effect on alcoholic liver injury, but the role of PCA in type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury is not well known. Objectives: This study explores the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of PCA on type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury. Materials and methods: An insulin resistance/type 2 diabetic (IR/D) model was established by high-fat diet for 4 weeks + streptozotocin (35 mg/kg; i.p) in male Wistar rats pretreated with or without PCA (15 or 30 mg/kg for 6 d). Results: PCA at 15 and 30 mg/kg significantly upregulated the levels of body weight (BW; 230.2, 257.8 g), high density lipids (22.68, 34.78 mg/dL), glutathione (10.24, 16.21 nmol/mg), superoxide dismutase (21.62, 29.34U/mg), glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose transporter-4, Wnt1, and beta-catenin, while downregulating those of liver weight (LW; 9.4, 6.7 g), BW/LW (4.1, 2.6%), serum glucose (165, 120 mg/dL), serum insulin (13.46, 8.67 mu IU/mL), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (5.48, 2.57), total cholesterol (68.52, 54.31 mg/dL), triglycerides (72.15, 59.64 mg/dL), low density lipids (42.18, 30.71), aspartate aminotransferase (54.34 and 38.68 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (42.87, 29.98 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (210.16, 126.47 U/L), malondialdehyde (16.52, 10.35), pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha (149.67, 120.33 pg/mg)), IL-6 (89.79, 73.69 pg/mg) and IL-1 beta (49.67, 38.73 pg/mg)), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), and interleukin-1 beta, and ameliorated the abnormal pathological changes in IR/D rats. Discussion and conclusion: PCA mitigates the IR, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver tissues of IR/D rats by modulating the NF-kappa B and Wnt1/beta-catenin pathways.

目的 探讨左归丸母代干预对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)模型大鼠子代胎鼠的影响及机制.方法 通过雌雄同笼制备孕鼠90只,随机分为正常组,模型组,门冬胰岛素组,左归丸低、中、高剂量组,每组15只.除正常组外,其余孕鼠通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法复制GDM孕鼠模型.造模成功后左归丸低、中、高剂量组给予左归丸灌胃剂量分别为2.5、5.0、10.0g/(kg·d),正常组和模型组分别给予10ml/(kg·d)生理盐水灌胃,门冬胰岛素组给予门冬胰岛素注射液20U/(kg·d)皮下注射,每日1次,共给药14天.Western-blot法检测胎鼠胰腺胰十二指肠盒因子1(PDX-1)蛋白表达,Real-time PCR法检测胎鼠胰腺肝细胞核因子6(HNF-6)mRNA表达,BSP法检测胎鼠胰腺HNF-6基因甲基化表达.结果 与正常组比较,模型组PDX-1蛋白、HNF-6 mRNA及HNF-6甲基化率表达降低(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,门冬胰岛素组及左归丸各剂量组PDX-1蛋白表达均升高,左归丸各剂量组HNF-6 mRNA及HNF-6甲基化率表达升高,门冬胰岛素组HNF-6 mRNA表达下降(P＜0.05);与门冬胰岛素组比较,左归丸中剂量组PDX-1蛋白,左归丸各剂量组HNF-6 mRNA及HNF-6甲基化率表达升高(P＜0.05);左归丸中剂量组PDX-1蛋白、HNF-6 mRNA及HNF-6甲基化率表达高于左归丸高、低剂量组(P＜0.05);左归丸高剂量组HNF-6 mRNA及HNF-6甲基化率表达高于左归丸低剂量组(P＜0.05).HNF-6 mRNA表达与其甲基化率呈显著正相关(P＜0.05,r =0.779).结论 左归丸可能通过上调胎鼠胰腺发育调控因子HNF-6基甲基化水平,以提升其mRNA表达,从而上调PDX-1蛋白表达,调节胎鼠胰腺的发育,减缓子代相关疾病的发生.

将"以学生为中心"的教育理念落实到课堂是当今高等教育的迫切需求.本课程组在《伤寒论》教学过程中,重视以目标定位为导向、策略运用与资源开发为抓手、课程思政为翼助的授课模式.此模式对提高学生学习兴趣、培养学生情感、提高学习效果、促进学生发展有重要作用,能有效落实"以学生为中心"的教育理念.

目的:研究左归丸母代干预对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)模型大鼠血清及以胰腺指标改善作用的影响.方法:通过雌雄同笼及腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法复制GDM孕鼠模型,采用随机数字表法将孕鼠分为正常组,模型组,门冬胰岛素组(20 U·kg-1),左归丸低、中、高剂量组(2.5,5.0,10.0 g·kg-1).各组分别灌服相应药物2周,正常组和模型组予以等体积生理盐水,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测大鼠血清胰岛素,空腹血糖(FBG),及炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot),实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠胰腺十二指肠同源盒因子-1(PDX-1)蛋白及mRNA的表达水平.结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠空腹血糖及炎性因子TNF-α,IL-6均显著升高(P＜0.01),IL-8水平明显升高(P＜0.05),大鼠血清胰岛素水平、胰腺PDX-1蛋白及mRNA表达均显著降低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,门冬胰岛素组血糖及血清炎性因子IL-8水平显著降低(P＜0.01),血清胰岛素水平、胰腺PDX-1蛋白及mRNA表达均显著升高(P＜0.01),左归丸中剂量组血糖及炎性因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8显著降低(P＜0.01),血清胰岛素水平、胰腺PDX-1蛋白及mRNA表达均显著升高(P＜0.01).结论:左归丸可能通过降低GDM大鼠血清炎性因子水平,减少炎症反应及氧化应激反应的发生,以提升胰岛素的分泌,同时上调PDX-1蛋白和mRNA的表达,改善胰岛素抵抗,减少胰岛β细胞的损伤,降低大鼠血糖.

目的 探讨葡萄糖对体外培养ICR小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响.方法 以ICR小鼠早期胚胎为研究对象,分别用普通胚胎培养液和40 mmol/L浓度葡萄糖的胚胎培养液进行体外培养,观察卵裂率,囊胚率的变化,通过同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术方法得到培养液中差异蛋白,并进行分析.结果 与空白组比较,40 mmol/L浓度葡萄糖组囊胚率显著降低,早期胚胎培养液中差异表达蛋白80个,其中呈上调趋势的23个,下调趋势的57个.差异蛋白涉及的通路主要有核糖体、糖酵解/糖异生、丙酮酸代谢等.结论 高浓度葡萄糖可能通过影响胚胎培养液中与糖尿病等多种疾病发生相关的蛋白及通路,直接或间接不利于胚胎发育与健康.

目的:基于血清化学和网络药理学探究左归丸治疗糖尿病作用机制.方法:通过左归丸对糖尿病小鼠的药理实验,探究左归丸对甘油三酯(TG)、血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响.结合血清化学实验结果,使用网络药理学探究左归丸治疗糖尿病的作用机制.结果:左归丸可显著降低糖尿病小鼠T-CHO、TNF-α水平(P＜0.01),提高FINS水平(P＜0.01).共获得左归丸9种活性成分(24个靶点),糖尿病靶点14个,筛选出31个核心靶点.富集得到9种(83条)信号通路(P＜0.05).结论:左归丸对糖尿病小鼠有一定的治疗作用.其治疗糖尿病主要通过环磷酸腺苷信号通路,正向调控参与糖代谢的多种酶类;PI3K-Akt信号通路,促进葡萄糖的摄取和糖原的合成;甲状腺激素信号通路,加速糖代谢、促进糖的分解氧化过程.

BACKGROUND:In this study, the network pharmacological methods were used to predict the target of active components of Chaihu Lizhong Tang (CHLZT) in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHOD:The active components of "CHLZT", their targets, and NAFLD related targets were screened by multiple databases, and the potential targets of "CHLZT" in the treatment of NAFLD were predicted. The active component-target network of "CHLZT" was constructed by Cytoscape software. The potential target of "CHLZT" for the treatment of NAFLD constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING). The hub genes of "CHLZT" in the treatment of NAFLD were screened by network topological parameters, and the results were verified by molecular docking. "ClusterProfiler" in R was used for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.RESULTS:OB ≥ 30 % and DL ≥ 0.18 were selected as the screening criteria of active components. A total of 83 active components and 456 targets were selected. Based on the evaluation of topological parameters of degree network, five hub genes for interaction with "CHLZT" therapy for NAFLD were screened, that is, AKT1, ALB, IL6, EGFR, and CASP3. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components in "CHLZT" had a good binding ability with the key targets. The enrichment analysis results showed that the treatment of NAFLD with "CHLZT" mainly involved in cofactor binding, protease binding, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and IL-17 signaling pathway, which mediated the potential mechanism of "CHLZT" intervention in NAFLD.CONCLUSION:The molecular mechanism of "CHLZT" in the treatment of NAFLD indicated the synergistic features of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provided an important scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of "CHLZT" in the treatment of NAFLD.

Objective: Zuogui Wan? (ZGW) has been used as a typical prescription for tonifying kidney essence in traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical constituents of?ZGW?treated rat serum?(ZGWRS) ? using ultra?performance?liquid chromatography?electrospray ionization/quadrupole?time?of?flight high?definition mass spectrometry? (UPLC?ESI?Q?TOF?MS). Methods: ZGW was administered to rats, and the phytochemical constituents in rat serum were determined using UPLC?ESI?Q?TOF?MS. MetaboLynx analysis in negative ion mode was adopted to characterize the chemical constituents of ZGWRS. Orthogonal?partial least squares discriminant analysis? was applied for the discovery of constituents of ZGW that entered the serum of rats. The fertilized eggs collected from the same experiment were randomly divided into four groups, including the normal, 40 mmol/L glucose, 40 mmol/L glucose 5％ control rat serum, and 40 mmol/L glucose 5％ ZGWRS groups. They were cultivated at 37°C and 5％ CO2 in a saturated humidity CO2 incubator. The blastocyst rate and two?cell rate were used to evaluate the effects of ZGWRS on embryonic development. Results: Thirteen constituents were identified in the ZGWRS, among which sweroside, loganin, morroniside, loganic acid, and 8?epiloganic acid were from Fructus Corni?(Shan Zhu Yu). 5?Hydroxymethyl?2?furfural?glucuronide, 2?H?5?hydroxymethyl?2?furfural?glucuronide, 3?hydroxy?2,6,6?trimethyl?1?cyclohexene?1?carboxylic acid, and β?D?ribofuranuronic acid methyl ester triacetate were from Radix Rehmanniae Preparata? (Shu Di Huang). Coumaric acid was from Fructus Lycii?(Gou Qi Zi). Kaempferol?3?beta?O?glucuronide and cuscutamine were from Semen Cuscutae?(Tu Si Zi). The embryonic development was significantly inhibited using 40 mmol/L glucose. Compared with the normal group, the blastocyst rate of the glucose group was decreased. The blastocyst rate of the 40 mmol/L glucose 5％ ZGWRS group was significantly higher than that of the glucose group, indicating that ZGWRS negates the effect of glucose on mouse embryonic development. Conclusion: The results verified that a rapid and robust UPLC?ESI?Q?TOF?MS?based platform had been successful for identifying multiple constituents of ZGW. ZGWRS is rich in active constituentsof iridoid glycosides. The results of this study also showed that ZGWRS could negate the effect of glucose on mouse embryonic development.

The role of Chinese medicine in postoperative cancer and chemotherapy has been paid more and more attention.Professor Men Jiuzhang put forward the" functional five-state theory" ased on years of clinical experience, pointing out that the functional five states includes functional deficiency, functional decline, functional imbalance, functional block and functional disorder, and applied it to the treatment of postoperative cancer and chemotherapy adverse reactions. In this treatment, the combination of Chinese and western medicine is advocated with their advantages and disadvantages supplemented; it focuses on treating both the symptoms and the root causes and treating severe diseases from the stomach; and the drug administration emphasizes appropriate prescription and simple drug combination as well as compound prescription.

目的:探讨不同补益方剂左归丸、右归丸、六味地黄丸、金匮肾气丸、五子衍宗丸、八珍汤对老龄小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将80只15月龄BALB/c小鼠随机分为老年组、左归丸组、右归丸组、六味地黄丸组、金匮肾气丸组、五子衍宗丸组、八珍汤组以及阳性药物(左卡尼汀)组,每组10只,另设10只2月龄BALB/c小鼠为青年组,各给药组按中药含生药2.5 g·kg-1分别灌胃给予相应药物,左卡尼汀组肌肉注射给药45 mg· kg-1,每天1次,连续4周.于末次给药24 h后将小鼠摘眼球取血,分离血浆、血清,利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定小鼠血中丙二醛(MDA),一氧化氮合酶(NOS),促红细胞生成素(EPO),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及外周血促卵泡生成激素(FSH),促黄体生成激素(LH),睾酮(T)的含量;采用免疫组化法检测各组小鼠睾丸组织Ki-67的表达;采用TUNEL法检测各组小鼠生精细胞凋亡情况.结果:与青年组比较,老年组小鼠MDA,NOS,EPO水平明显上升(P＜0.05);与老年组比较,各治疗组小鼠血清MDA,NOS,EPO水平明显下降(P＜0.05),除五子衍宗丸组和六味地黄丸组外,各治疗组小鼠血清SOD水平上升(P＜0.05).与青年组比较,老年组小鼠血清FSH明显升高及LH,T含量明显下降(P＜0.05);与老年组比较,五子衍宗丸组小鼠血清FSH明显下降及LH,T含量明显升高(P＜0.05).免疫组化法检测结果显示,与青年组比较,老年组小鼠睾丸组织内Ki-67表达水平明显下降(P＜0.05);与老年组比较,左卡尼汀组、六味地黄丸组、八珍汤组以及五子衍宗丸组小鼠睾丸组织Ki-67表达水平升高(P＜0.05).TUNEL法检测结果显示,与青年组比较,老年组小鼠生精细胞凋亡率明显上升(P＜0.05);与老年组比较,各治疗组小鼠生精细胞凋亡率均明显下降,以五子衍宗丸下降率最显著(P＜0.05).结论:6个不同的补益方剂对老龄小鼠生精细胞凋亡都有一定的抑制作用,其中以五子衍宗丸效果最佳.

The treatment principle of taiyin disease in Treatise on Febrile Diseases is that " it should be warmed and given drugs of sini series", while the Sini tang is the main treatment of shaoyin disease. The further development of taiyin disease and further weakening of its vital qi develop into shaoyin disease, which explains that this treatment principle was established by Zhong Jing with the vision of disease development. At the same time, the dried ginger and baked licorice in Sini tang are actually the drugs for treating the spleen-stomach in middle-jiao, which reflects the thought that when the disease progresses to the stage of systemic yang deficiency it is necessary to protect the spleen-stomach in middle-jiao. Professor Men jiuzhang discovered that the state of functional failure usually appeared in many diseases of various systems progressing to the late stage, so at this time it was essential to take good care of the spleen and stomach and applied modified prescriptions based on Lizhong tang, Xiangsha Liujunzi tang and even Sini tang, which all showed a significant effect. Based on this, professor Men Jiuzhang put forward the thought of " treating serious diseases starts from the stomach ", which was in fact an in-depth understanding of thoughts of Zhongjing and had an important guiding significance for clinical medication, especially the treatment of serious diseases.

目的 分析自制葛根咀嚼片对2型糖尿病大鼠模型血糖、血脂及抗氧化作用的影响,为制备具有降糖、降脂、抗氧化作用的功能性保健品提供实验依据.方法 采用高脂高糖喂养联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,研究自制葛根咀嚼片对其空腹血糖、血脂及抗氧化作用的影响.结果 葛根咀嚼片高剂量组能显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)(P＜0.05)、总胆固醇(TCH)(P＜0.05)、甘油三酯(TG)(P＜0.05)、丙二醛(MDA)(P＜0.01),升高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(P＜0.05).结论 自制葛根咀嚼片对2型糖尿病大鼠具有降糖、降脂及抗氧化能力,可作为葛根功能性保健品开发应用的研究基础.

目的 观察摘除松果腺在立冬与冬至时节对大鼠CORT、E2、T3、T4的影响,探讨"肾应冬"的相关机制.方法 SD大鼠分别于立冬、冬至前34d行松果腺摘除术,空白组、手术组(松果腺摘除组)大鼠于立冬、冬至当日取材,检测各组血清中皮质酮(CORT)、雌二醇(E2)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)含量,并进行统计学分析.结果 空白组冬至CORT及T4值均较立冬低(P<0.01,P<0.01);手术组冬至E2及T3值均较立冬高(P<0.01,P<0.05),T4值较立冬低(P<0.05).立冬T3、T4值空白组均较手术组低(P<0.05,P<0.05);冬至CORT及E2、T4值空白组均较手术组低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01).结论 "肾应冬"理论与松果腺密切相关,在冬季,正常SD大鼠CORT及T4会随节令变化而变化,切除松果腺后,这一情况发生改变,表现为E2及T3、T4随节令变化明显.

Objective:To study the effect of serum containing Zuogui Pills on development of ICR mouse embryos cultured in high glucose medium in vitro.Methods:One-cell embryos were collected and cultured in HTF supplemented with O,20,40,60mmol/L glucose respectively.The culture efficiency was evaluated by determining the proportion of embryos reaching the tow-cell,blastocyst.The total cell numbers were counted in the blastocystembryos.The glucose concentration that can markedly inhibit the early embryonic development of ICR mouse were selected.The changes of cleavage rate,blastocyst rate and number of blastodermal cells were observed after serum containing 5％ or 10％ Zuogui Pills treatment.Results:Addition of glucose to HTF in a concentration as high as 20mmol/L didn't inhibit the development of ICR mouse one-cell to hatched blastocyst development.HTF supplemented with 0,20,40,60mmol/L glucose respectively had detrimental effects on preimplantation embryo development and serum containing Zuogui Wan protected pre-implantation embryo development from 40,60mmol/L glucose induced impairment.Conclusion:The high concentration of glucose is toxic to the early embryonic development and serum containing Zuogui Wan Pills inhibit the impairment induced by high concentration of glucose,which provide further insights into mechanism of blood glucose reducing effects of the TCM yin-nourishing and kidney-invigorating prescription at the molecular level.

Objective:To study the effects of glucose and Zuogui Pill serum on the in vitro development of mouse embryos in high glucose.Methods:Embryos were cultured in vitro and the embryonic development was inhibited by high level of glucose.Zuogui Pill serum was used to increase the development of embryos.The blastocyst rate,2-cell rate and blastocyst nucleus count were used to evaluate the embryonic development.Results:High level of glucose inhibited the embryonic development,and 40mmol/L was selected as the concentration of high glucose to inhibit the embryo development.Compared with the control group,the blastocyst rate of high glucose was decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,blastocyst rate of Zuogui Pill serum was increased (P＜0.05).From the blastocyst nucleus counting,the high glucose environment reduced the number of blastocyst cells (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Zuogui Pill serum further reduced the number of blastocysts,but it could improve the rate of blastocyst.Conclusion:High level of glucose reduces the development of embryo while Zuogui Pill serum promotes the blastocyst rate,and promote embryonic development.

目的:探讨左归丸影响高糖负荷下胚胎发育的分子机制,并从现代医学角度为中医“肾主生殖发育”等理论提供实验依据.方法:以高糖负荷的小鼠胚胎作为动物模型,用左归丸含药血清分别干预模型组与正常对照组;进行囊胚细胞计数,并对各组的胚胎培养液进行代谢组学分析.结果:左归丸含药血清可以增加因高糖负荷而降低的囊胚细胞数及囊胚细胞比率;可以纠正高糖负荷造成的胚胎培养液中某些代谢物的异常变化,增强三羧酸循环对糖的代谢能力.结论:左归丸能够在一定程度上纠正高糖负荷造成的胚胎发育阻滞,促进胚胎发育,而提高糖的有氧氧化可能是其作用机制之一.这为“肾主生殖发育”的中医理论提供了一定的现代药理学依据.

In this experiment, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats, where Zuogui Wan was given to GDM rats. After pregnancy, offspring rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, high fat and sugar as the control group, GDM group, and Zuogui Wan GDM group. Rats in high fat and sugar as the control group, GDM group, and Zuogui Wan GDM group were fed with high fat and sugar diet. Rats in control group were fed the basic diet. The means of 2hPG were higher than 7.8 mmol·L −1 and lower than 11.1 mmol·L −1 on the rats of GDM group on week 15, and IGT models were successful. Body weight, abdominal fat weight, the ratio of abdominal fat weight and body weight, fasting plasma glucose, 2hPG, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of Zuogui Wan GDM group were significantly lower than GDM group. The level of adiponectin in Zuogui Wan GDM group was significantly higher than GDM group. And we concluded that giving Zuogui Wan to GDM rats can have a preventive effect on the offsprings’ IGT induced by high fat and sugar diet.

High concentration of glucose in culture medium affects the developmental process and the quality of the pre-implantation embryo. This study examined the effects of Zuogui Wan (ZGW) supplementation on early embryo development cultured in high-glucose medium.