Exogenous ethylene is commonly utilized to initiate flower induction in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). However, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic changes involved are not well understood. In this study, we explored the genetic network and metabolic shifts in the ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapple variety during ethylene-induced flowering. This was achieved through an integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome profiles at vegetative shoot apexes (0 d after ethephon treatment named BL_0d), the stage of bract primordia (8 d after ethephon treatment named BL_8d), stage of flower primordia (18 d after ethephon treatment named BL_18d), and the stage of stopped floret differentiation (34 d after ethephon treatment named BL_34d). We isolated and identified 804 metabolites in the pineapple shoot apex and inflorescence, categorized into 24 classes. Notably, 29, 31, and 46 metabolites showed significant changes from BL_0d to BL_8d, BL_8d to BL_18d, and BL_18d to BL_34d, respectively. A marked decrease in indole was observed, suggesting its role as a characteristic metabolite during flower induction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 956, 1768, and 4483 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for BL_0d vs. BL_8d, BL_8d vs. BL_18d, and BL_18d vs. BL_34d, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling pathways, indicating their potential involvement in flower induction. Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data, we identified several candidate genes, such as Agamous-Like9 (AGL9), Ethylene Insensitive 3-like (ETIL3), Apetala2 (AP2), AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT (ANT), and Sucrose synthase 2 (SS2), that play potentially crucial roles in ethylene-induced flower induction in pineapple. We also established a regulatory network for pineapple flower induction, correlating metabolites and DEGs, based on the Arabidopsis thaliana pathway as a reference. Overall, our findings offer a deeper understanding of the metabolomic and molecular mechanisms driving pineapple flowering.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is one of the most valuable subtropical fruit crop in the world. The sweet-acidic taste of the pineapple fruits is a major contributor to the characteristic of fruit quality, but its formation mechanism remains elusive. Here, targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed during the fruit developmental stages in two pineapple cultivars ("Comte de Paris" and "MD-2") to gain a global view of the metabolism and transport pathways involved in sugar and organic acid accumulation. Assessment of the levels of different sugar and acid components during fruit development revealed that the predominant sugar and organic acid in mature fruits of both cultivars was sucrose and citric acid, respectively. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiling enabled the identification of 21 genes associated with sucrose accumulation and 19 genes associated with citric acid accumulation. The coordinated interaction of the 21 genes correlated with sucrose irreversible hydrolysis, resynthesis, and transport could be responsible for sucrose accumulation in pineapple fruit. In addition, citric acid accumulation might be controlled by the coordinated interaction of the pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA-to-citrate pathway, gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway, and tonoplast proton pumps in pineapple. These results provide deep insights into the metabolic regulation of sweetness and acidity in pineapple.

Watercore is a physiological disorder in pineapples, which is expressed as fluid deposition in intercellular spaces and presents as water soaked. This disorder affects the fruit quality and decreases storage life, resulting in enormous commercial losses to growers and restricting the development of the pineapple industry in China. However, the molecular mechanism of watercore remains unclear. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of pineapple watercore, the transcriptome analyses of watercored and normal fruits were carried out in pineapples for the first time using de novo RNA-seq technology. High-quality reads of 46.66 and 43.71 M were obtained in the transcriptomes of normal and mildly watercored fruits, respectively. Clean reads of 45.50 and 42.79 M were obtained after filtering the original data. These genes are useful resources in subsequent pineapple watercore research. Fifty genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glucose metabolism, calcium transport, and cell wall metabolism were considerably different between normal and watercored fruits. Among them, the expressions of the AcPME, AcBGLU43, Ac4CL5, AcPER1, and AcPOD genes were upregulated by 7–21 times in watercored fruit, while the expressions of AcSUS7 were downregulated by 16.61 times, and the expressions of other differential genes were upregulated or downregulated by more than 2 times. A total of 38 differentially expressed transcription factors were obtained by screening. Among these transcription factors, WRKY was the most abundant, followed by MYB. The acquisition of these genes is important for the first understanding of the molecular mechanism of this physiological disorder.

为了筛选抗旱性强且具有优良性状的甜玉米材料，本试验对 44 份热带甜玉米种质材料的主要 农艺性状进行遗传多样性和聚类分析，并进行抗旱性鉴定评价。结果表明， 44 份甜玉米种质的株高、叶 长、叶宽、茎粗、穗位高及百粒重等农艺性状的变异系数差异较大，其中穗位高的变异性最大，变异系数 达到30.17%，而叶长的变异性最小，仅为 11.93%；且各农艺性状的多样性指数较大，均在 1.89~2.06 之间，这 些种质材料具有丰富的多样性。这 44份甜玉米材料之间的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)及过氧化氢酶(cata- lase, CAT)活性均存在极显著差异，其中 POD活性在 143.49~2382.80 U·g-1 ·min-1 之间， 2 000 U·g-1 · min-1 以 上的材料只有 3个；而 CAT活性在 134.60~653.93 U· g-1 · min-1 之间，600 U ·g-1 · min-1 以上的材料只有 2 个。 通过对甜玉米主要农艺性状和抗氧化酶活性类群特征进行综合分析，发现 ZM110、 ZM112、 ZM114、 ZM121 这4个材料不仅抗旱性强，而且主要农艺性状表现良好，可选作甜玉米种质创新利用和抗旱遗传育种研究候 选材料。

The invention relates to a method for inducing adventitious buds by utilizing fibrous roots of koksaphyz. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation and disinfection of a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is an MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium, and sucrose with final concentration being 20-30 g/L, 7-8 g/L of agar powder, 0.5-1.5 mg/L of 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and 0.2-0.5 mg/L of IAA (indole acetic acid) are added into the MS culture medium; (2) inoculation and induction of the adventitious buds, wherein fibrous roots of aseptic koksaphyz seedlings are inoculated into the culture medium for inducing the adventitious buds, the illumination time per day is 14-18 hours, the illumination intensity is 2,800-3,200 lux, and the temperature is 22-25 DEG C. The method is simple in culture medium formula, low in cost, simple to operate, high in induction rate and good in seedling formation quality.

The invention relates to a method for regenerating plants with Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin leaves. The method comprises steps as follows: the pretreated Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin leaves are sequentially subjected to callus induction, callus subculture, adventitious bud induction and rooting culture. With the adoption of the induction method, the propagation coefficient is high, browned and albino seedlings are avoided, the regenerated plants are robust, root systems are well developed, the transplantation survival rate is high, and a large number of regenerated plants can be obtained within a short time.

目的 探讨压力调节容量控制通气(PRVC)模式治疗高龄老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)呼吸衰竭的临床疗效及肺气压伤的预防作用.方法 将39例高龄老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭的气管插管患者随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组以PRVC模式进行治疗,对照组以同步间歇指令通气(SIMV)模式治疗,分别于机械通气治疗2～4 h及48 h观察两组生命体征、呼吸力学指标及动脉血气分析的变化.结果 两组均能迅速有效地提高pH、PaO2和PaO2/FiO2,降低PCO2.试验组2～4 h内pH和PaCO2的改善作用弱于对照组(P<0.05);48 h后两组血气分析各项指标比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组比较在治疗2～4 h和48 h生命体征无明显差别(P>0.05);试验组在机械通气治疗2～4 h和48 h PIP明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组比较MAP、Cdyn、VT、MV、WOBV均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 PRVC用于治疗高龄老年COPD呼吸衰竭患者,在迅速改善动脉血气分析的同时,能够保持较低的吸气峰压,有效降低气压伤的发生风险,是一种安全有效的保护性通气模式.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its major risk factors in Jiangchuan street, Minhang district of Shanghai, so as to provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the COPD effectively. Methods Using the entire group random sampling method, we select residents of 40 years of age or older living in Jiangchuan street of Minhang district,to carry on the questionnaire survey and the lung function examination, with the results of lung function examination as the diagnoses basis for COPD. Results A total of 1 330 subjects were enrolled in this study,the mean age of these subjects was (62. 4 ±11. 3) years. The overall prevalence of COPD was 9. 92%, of which, the male prevalence was 14. 66%, the female prevalence was 6. 77%, the male prevalence was significantly higher than the female prevalence (χ2 = 22. 254, P <0. 000 1). Of the subjects with COPD, 70 subjects had COPD grade Ⅲ(53.03%). Single-factor non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were statistically associated with the occurrence of COPD:gender,age,indoor ventilation status, there was dirt in the house, whether there was a releaser in the kitchen or not, whether the kitchen was separated from the living room or not, cooking with raging fire,outdoor air pollution,occupational exposure to dust,passive smoking,active smoking,and coughing in childhood. Multi-factor non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the occurrence of COPD: age,active smoking, passive smoking, indoor ventilation status,outdoor air pollution, occupational exposure to dust, and coughing in childhood. Conclusions The prevalence of COPD in the residents of 40 years of age or older living in this Jiangchuan area, Minhang district of Shanghai,is quite high and related with smoking,air pollution,occupational exposure to dust,and coughing in childhood.

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the role of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the pathogenesis of tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion,assess the value of MMP-1,TIMP-1 as well as the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these two kinds of pleural effusion.Methods:MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the pleural fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in the flowing two groups of patients: 36 cases with tuberculous pleuritis and 38 with malignant tumor.Results:①The levels of MMP-1,TIMP-1 and the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in tuberculous pleural effusion than in malignant pleural effusion(213.37±53.18 versus 157.43±53.79 ng·mL-1;600.17±121.46 versus 512.05±89.48 ng·mL-1;0.377±0.139 versus 0.318±0.121;P0.05).②In diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion,the sensitivity of MMP-1,TIMP-1 and MMP-1/MMP-1 ratio were respectively 80.6%,71.1% and 66.7%,the specificity were 57.9%,63.9% and 57.9%;however,in the diagnosing process,the sensitivity and specificity are 44.4% and 86.8% if we combine MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in a series way,100% and 42.1% in a parallel way.Conclusions:MMP-1 and TIMP-1 are closely related to the tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion,and the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio play a great role in the pathogenesis of tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion.Detection of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 of pleural effusion contributes to the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy and malignant pleural effusion.

Objective To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TlMP-1)in the pathogenesis of tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion,and to assess the value of MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these two kinds of pleural effusion.Methods MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the pleural fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 36 patients with tuberculous pleuritis,38 patients with malignant tumor and 14 patients with transudates.Results ①MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in tuberculous pleural effusion were higher than those in malignant pleural effusion and transudates(all P＜0.05).MMP-9.TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in malignant pleural effusion were higher than those in transudates(all P＜0.05).②MMp-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in malignant pleural effusion with positive cytological findings were higher than those with negative cytological findings(all P＜0.05) ,while TIMP-1 was lower in the former than that in the latter( P ＜0.05). ③MMP-9 positively correlated with TIMP-I( r =0. 239, P =0. 025). MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, protein, total white blood cells and lymphocyte ratio in pleural effusion(all P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with glucose and chloride in pleural effusion (all P＜(0.01). TIMP-1 positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, protein and lymphocyte ratio in pleural effusion(all P＜0.01 ). ④In diagnosing tumorous pleural effusion, the sensitivities of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were respectively 63.2%, 71.1% and 65.8%, the specificities were respectively 83.3%, 63.9% and 80.6%. However, in the diagnosing process, the sensitivity and specificity were 39.5% and 91.7% when MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were combined in a series way, 94.70% and 55.6% in a parallel way.Conclusions MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are closely related to the tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion. MMP-9/TIMP-1 plays a great role in the pathogenesis of tuberculous and tumorous pleural effusion. Detection of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in pleural effusion contributes to the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy and malignant pleural effusion.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) on antibiotic use in treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in outpatient. METHODS:From November 2006 to February 2008, a total of 127 patients with CAP in outpatient were randomly assigned into two groups: PCT group (n = 63) and control group (n = 64). PCT levels of all patients were measured after study admission. On the base of similarly normal treatment, the control group received antibiotics according to the attending physicians and the PCT group were treated with antibiotics according to serum PCT levels: antibiotic treatment was applied with PCT level > or = 0.25 microg/L and was discouraged with PCT level < 0.25 microg/L. Clinical efficacy, rate of antibiotics use, duration courses and costs of antibiotics were observed. RESULTS:Clinical efficacy of the PCT group was similar with the control group (92.1% vs 87.5%, P > 0.05); rate and costs of antibiotics use was lower, antibiotic duration of the PCT group was shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION:PCT could be used in treatment of CAP for antibiotic use in outpatient, which may reduce antibiotic use, shorten antibiotic duration and lower costs of antibiotic.

代谢综合征(MS)是一组包括多种代谢异常的疾病.随着社会经济的发展,MS的患病率逐年递增.上海一项40岁以上社区人群的调查表明,该人群的MS患病率为13%[1].本课题采用流行病学现况调查设计,调查上海市浦东新区陆家嘴社区隧成居委55岁以上居民MS的患病率,为进一步制定社区慢性病防治策略、更好提供社区卫生服务提供依据.

Objective To explore clinical value of C-reactive protein(CRP) in acute aggressive period old patients with COPD. Methods 210 old patients in acute aggressive period with COPD were selected,who used antibiotic ,cortin or febrifuge and anodyne before. CRP,WBC,ESR and temperature were detected before and after controlling infection. Results The positive rate of CRP, WBC, ESR and temperature was 92. 38%, 27.62% ,48.57% and 46.67% respectively. The level of CRP is significant over WBC,ESR and temperature( P <0.01). The level of CRP were 58. 66±15.20 and 8.26±1.24 respectively at before and after controlling in-fection(P<0.01). The level of WBC were 8.69±2.60 and 5.34±1.48 respectively at before and after can-trolling infection(P<0.01). The level of ESR were 36.81±14.23 and 24.52±14.61 respectively at before and after controlling infection (P<0.01). The level of temperature were 37.29±0.78℃ and 36.26±0.37℃ respectively at before and after controlling infection (P<0.01). Conclusion CRP is a good marker in acute aggressive period old patients with COPD and it isn't disturbed by antibiotic,cortin or febrifuge and anodyne.

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（TIMP-1）及MMP-9/TIMP-1比值在结核性胸膜炎致胸腔积液的形成过程中的作用及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:采用ELISA法测定36例结核性胸膜炎、30例非结核性胸膜炎患者胸水中的MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度。结果:（1）结核性胸腔积液组胸水中MMP-9浓度、TIMP-1浓度和MMP-9/TIMP-1比值均显著高于非结核性胸腔积液组（83.76±47.36ng.mL-1比38.83±16.53ng.mL-1,600.17±121.46ng.mL-1比481.67±96.36ng.mL-1,0.147±0.097比0.081±0.018,P＜0.001）。（2）胸水中MMP-9、TIMP-1、MMP-9/TIMP-1比值在结核性胸腔积液诊断中的敏感性分别为88.9%、72.2%和80.6%,特异性分别为65.4%、63.5%和75.0%。采用胸水MMP-9和TIMP-1串联联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为33.3%和94.2%,并联联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为83.3%和53.8%。结论:MMP-9、TIMP-1及MMP-9/TIMP-1比例的失衡与结核性胸膜炎胸腔积液的形成密切相关,它们在结核性胸膜炎所致胸腔积液的诊断中有一定参考价值。

Objective To evaluate the value of serum procalcitonin(PCT)on antibiotics use in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( AECOPD). Method From May 2004 to December 2006, a total of 235 patients requiring hospitalization for AECOPD were randomly assigned into two groups: standard therapy group(group A, n = 117)and PCT-guided group(group B, n = 118) .PCT levels of all patients were measured after hospital admission by an amplified cryptate emission technology assay. On the base of similarly normal treatment, group A received antibiotics according to the attending physicians,and group B were treated with antibiotics according to serum PCT levels:antibiotic treatment was applied with PCT level ≥0.25 ng/ml and was discouraged with PCT level ＜0.25 ng/ml. Length of hospitalization,clinical efficacy,costs of hospitalization and antibiotics, rate of antibiotics use, hospital mortality,rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization within 1 year were observed. Analyses were performed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test. Results Clinical efficacy, hospital mortality, length of hospitalization, rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization within 1 year were similar in two groups (P =0.635,0.768,0.884,0.747,0.727) ;costs of antibiotics and hospitalization,rate of antibiotics use of PCT-guided group were lower than that of standard therapy group( P = 0.029,0.036,0.014). Conclusions PCT could be used in treatment of AECOPD for antibiotic use after hospital admission,which may reduce antibiotic use and lower costs of antibiotic and hospitalization.

目的:探讨对代谢综合征患者社区综合干预的效果.方法:代谢综合征患者313例分为综合干预组(164例)与对照组(149例),综合干预组采取健康教育、改变生活方式、督促就诊、督导服药等措施,对照组接受社会自然干预.1.5年后两组进行代谢综合征各组分(体重指数、腰围、血压、血糖、血甘油三酯、血高密度脂蛋白)及新发心血管病的比较,并对结果进行统计学比较.结果:对综合干预组干预后,代谢综合征各组血压、血糖明显下降,体重指数、腰围逐步下降,较对照组有统计学意义,高密度脂蛋白前后比较也有一定程度下降,但与对照组比较无统计学意义,甘油三酯下降不明显.新发心血管病综合干预组有4例,对照组有6例,无统计学意义;代谢综合征各组分中3种以上危险因素同时存在者较干预前明显减少,干预组78例,对照组106例,统计学有显著差异.结论:社区综合干预对代谢综合征患者代谢异常有明显改善作用,但尚不能降低心血管病发病率.

目的 探讨对社区35岁及以上血压正常高值人群实施干预的效果.方法 将社区血压正常高值人群按登记顺序随机分为干预组和对照组各150名,干预组给予健康教育、运动干预和饮食控制等,3年后两组进行血压测评,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 干预后,干预组收缩压(P<0.05)和舒张压(P<0.01)较干预前的降低有统计学意义;干预组对象的不良生活方式有较大改善.结论 干预能有效降低社区血压正常高值人群的血压,但尚不能降低社区人群高血压病的发病率.

Objective To evaluate the predicting value of serum procaleitonin (PCT) in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in elderly patients. Methods A total of 267 elderly patients requiring hospitalization for AECOPD were randomly assigned into 2 groups: standard therapy group (standard group, n= 135) and PCT-guided group(PCT group, n= 132). Standard group received antibiotics according to the guideline of attending physicians and PCT group were treated with antibiotics according to serum PCT levels.Length of hospitalization, clinical efficacy, costs of hospitalization and antibiotics, rate of antibiotics use, hospital mortality, rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization, frequency of exacerbation within 1 year were observed. Results Length of hospitalization, clinical efficacy, hospital mortality, rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization, frequency of exacerbation within 1 year were similar in 2 groups(all P＞0.05);costs of hospitalization and antibiotics, rate of antibiotics use of PCT group[10 882 (3808-16 651)yuan, 6934 (2390-10 660)yuan, 76.5%] were lower than those of standard group[13 637(4650-19 730)yuan, 8589(3144-12 117)yuan, 87.4%] (all P＜0.05). Conclusions PCT guidance offers an advantage over standard therapy in reducing antibiotic use and in lowering the costs of hospitalization in treatment of AECOPD in elderly patients.

目的:提高对原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的认识。方法:通过报告1例病理证实的原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤及复习文献,对原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的临床特点进行分析。结果:肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤多数属低度恶性,进展缓慢,预后较好。结论:肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤临床罕见,缺乏特异的临床症状,确诊有赖于病理学诊断。

Objective To investigate the morbidity of metabolic syndrome of residents over 35 in Zhoujiadu community of Shanghai.Methods Residents were selected by random cluster sampling for questionnaire survey, and their blood pressure,pulse,height,weight, waistline, hip circumference, serum lipid, and fasting serum glucose were measured. Results The morbidity of metabolic syndrome of residents over 35 in Zhoujiadu community of Shanghai was 16.77%.Conclusions The morbility of metabolic syndrome of residents over 35 in Zhoujiadu community of Shanghai is high.