近年来"双碳"目标引发热议,我国最终实现"控碳"目标的当务之急在于调整产业结构.基于我国2009-2019 年30 个省级行政区的面板数据,利用2013 年在试点省市实施的碳排放权交易政策进行准自然实验,采用双重差分法检验低碳试点政策对试点地区产业结构优化的影响及其作用机制.结果表明:碳交易试点政策可以通过提升劳动生产率来促进产业结构优化;对区域差异性进行分析,东部地区产业结构优化效果优于中西部地区,原因可能是东部和中西部地区的政策实施力度、环境规制水平和环境治理理念等存在差异.在实验结果和现有理论基础上,提出相应的对策建议:进一步推动企业技术创新;完善相关碳交易机制;更新环境治理理念,加快发展先进制造业,旨在高效促进经济转型、低碳发展.

经济从高速度增长向高质量发展转换阶段,经济增长预期目标与经济高质量发展的关系对经济发展至关重要.文章通过分析2006-2019年全国30个省域(不含港澳台、西藏)经济增长预期目标与经济高质量发展的耦合协调度及其σ收敛性,为经济增长预期目标的弹性化调整提供经验证据.研究发现:(1) 2012年以前,经济增长预期目标与经济高质量发展的关系长期徘徊在基本失调等级,2012年以后,两者的耦合协调度才得到较快提高.(2)目标弹性化趋势有"上升台阶"和"凹形",前者集中在东部地区,后者集中在中西部地区,高质量发展水平变化趋势除此之外还有"凸形"和"下降台阶"类型,目标弹性化("凹形")和高质量发展走势("凸形")不一致省份多集中在西部地区.(3)西部地区耦合协调度的σ值有上升趋势.目标弹性化背景下,经济增长预期目标和经济发展质量可以兼得.

随着对外贸易开放力度的进一步扩大,中国城乡二元结构体制下的城乡收入分配不均衡的问题愈加显著,因此研究对外贸易与中国城乡收入差距的关系显得颇为必要.选用2000—2018年的中国省级面板数据,采用空间计量方法,构建空间滞后模型,检验对外贸易发展与中国城乡收入差距的关系.结果 显示:中国各省的城乡收入差距在空间上是相关的,而各省内部的城乡收入差距的变化受其周边省份的城乡收入差距的影响;对外贸易的发展推动了中国城镇与农村收入差距的扩大.因此,提出以下建议:加强区域间合作,促进城乡协调发展;加强乡村振兴战略实施力度,推动农村农业发展;丰富农村地区教育资源,优化农村劳动力水平;加强城市化发展质量,推进新型城镇化.

In recent years, China's balance of payments has shown a large surplus, which makes China vulnerable to the trade sanctions of other countries in international exchanges, but also is not conducive to the realization of China's international balance of payments. Based on the traditional M-F model, this paper selects the related panel data in 11 countries from 2000 to 2016, classifies the balance of payments account into current account and capital and financial account, conducts cointegration test of panel data and establishes individual fixed effect model. It is concluded that the effective exchange rate has the strongest regulating effect on current account and capital and financial accounts. And this paper puts forward two suggestions on adjusting the balance of payments in China: firstly, improving the reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism, adjusting the structure of China's export products and expand our current account surplus; second, actively and effectively introducing foreign capital, developing the economy, and using the surplus of capital and financial account to enlarge our balance of payments surplus.

2016年5月1日我国"营改增"改革扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业,为分析这几个行业的改革效果,首先利用企业利润函数构建理论模型,再以2014—2016年A股上市公司数据为样本,从微观层面运用面板双重差分模型(DID)对"营改增"的影响进行测算.结果表明:"营改增"显著提高了企业固定资产对劳动的替代性和企业固定资产投资.

Using the provincial panel,this paper studies the effect of the openness and R&D investment on regional income mobility.The results show that the openness has a significant effect on regional income mobility,and the influence of the trade openness on the quality of region income mobility is inverted U-shaped;R&D investment has enhanced the promotion of trade openness.Therefore,in the process of industrial transfer, we should focus on guiding the internal migration of export-oriented enterprises in the east and increase investment of R&D in order to increase the opportunity of improving the income of resident.

针对新常态下国际经贸领域的新变化对国际经贸人才产生的新需求,提出要培养开放式复合型国际经贸人才,据此构建了其知识、能力和素质体系,并提出我国高校应该通过提高认识、优化人才培养方案、完善课程体系和强化实践教学体系四个方面对国际经贸人才培养模式进行改革.

在外贸转型背景下,本文通过对当前重庆外经贸人才的供求两端进行深入调研分析,发现重庆外经贸人才的供求存在比较严重的失衡问题.在此基础上,针对性地提出根据市场需求来调整人才培养目标、人才培养模式、人才培养方案和课程体系,并强化实践教学,让外贸企业深度参与高校外经贸人才的培养过程等对策.

Today China is on the way to the “new normal”which the economy has shifted gear from the previous high speed to a medium -to -high speed growth.Mode transformation &structure adjustment is the core of government economic work.So the economic development has put forward higher request on the knowledge constitution,ability and quality of talents in interna-tional economy &trade as a result of mode transformation &structure adjustment.This paper first analyzes current situation of demand and supply of talents in international economy &trade in Chinese university,then the author analyzes the causes of mismatch in supply and demand and further analyzes the economic development has the new demand on talents in international economy &trade,at last the author proposes knowledge constitution,ability and quality of talents in international economy &trade accordingly.

中国正处于新型城镇化、新型工业化和产业结构转型的新常态时期,深刻认识产业结构演进与城镇化之间内在协同发展规律对库区产业结构升级与城镇化发展有很好的指导意义.以重庆市范围内库区12区县1987-2014年年度数据,基于误差修正的Johansen协整和Granger因果关系检验,考察库区产业结构演进与城镇化互动机制.结果发现:三峡库区的产业结构演进与城镇化发展之间具有稳定的互动协调关系,产业结构演进促进了城镇化发展,服务业对城镇化发展的促进作用小于工业;城镇化推进了产业结构演进,促进了工业和服务业产值的增加.

Transportation service trade is the important link among international trade,which attracts more attention of devel-oped countries,so it develops fast.Subprime crisis which first broke out in America was rapidly become a global financial crisis in 2008 .The crisis has been extended to the fields of the real economy and international trade,and it had an important influ-ence on transportation service trade.This paper used MOR、RCA and CA to calculate and comparatively analyze the competi-tiveness of transportation service trade in China,America,Germany,France,Japan and Britain after the global crisis in 2008. The conclusion found the competitiveness of transportation service trade in China was not only poor,but also continued to be-come bad;then the author boiled the problems to the follow causes:the shipping enterprises in China had not enough supply of goods and a large number of idle capacity;the shipping enterprises in China was serious shortage of professional talent;the shipping industry did not formed the industrial chain and the supporting industry was inefficient;the offshore shipping compa-nies carried too enough Chinese supply of goods .At last this paper proposed the follow counter-measures to improve the com-petitiveness of transportation service trade in China:more shipping staff should be educated and trained systematically;ship-ping enterprises must master the right to transport goods and must strengthen supply chain management;the shipping industry must establish of modern transportation enterprise management system;government must increase the support strength to the shipping industry.

培养适于重庆外贸转型的复合应用型外贸人才是重庆高等教育应该承担的重要职责。本文综合国内外有关复合应用型外贸人才培养的研究文献,结合后金融危机时代重庆外贸转型对国际经贸人才能力提出新的要求,基于职业胜任能力视角,构建了复合应用型外贸人才所应具备的能力体系,并从三个方面提出培养路径。

Upon the development of economy and growth of FER(foreign exchange reserves) in China,proceeding from the theory of FER on generation mechanism,this paper takes a 5-Variables-Model,applies the quarter data from 1994 to 2011,and employs measure method of Vector Error Correction Model on China’s foreign exchange reserves on generation mechanism.Therefore,the conclusion are drawn as below: Initially,FER might be named as the Supply of FER which fluctuates by forming factors mostly in China.Secondly,the growth of FER is determined by its internal mechanism in which FDI are the most complicated factors.Finally,"Marshall-Lerner"condition could be established at present in China,yet the long-term fluctuating trends of FER are effected indirectly by the RMB exchange rate.

随着重庆摩托车产业的快速发展,重庆的通机产业也快速发展起来,成为继摩托车之后重庆市第二大机电类出口产品,对重庆市的对外贸易有着重要的影响。本文首先对重庆通机产业出口现状进行分析,接着运用钻石模型,对其通机产业竞争力的影响因素进行优劣势分析,在此基础上,提出重庆通机国际竞争力的路径。

This paper firstly makes a forecasting about the changing trend of the gap between the rich and the poor of the urban and rural inhabitants and concludes that the gap between the rich and the poor of the urban and rural inhabitants will be enlarged in the future.Then it brings up five measures to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor of the urban and rural inhabitants: to perfect the income distribution system,to perfect the social security system,to perfect the taxation system,to raise the peasants' income and to unify economic development of the urban and rural areas

本文以最优控制论为工具将状态方程和社会福利最大化目标相结合建立了求解两大部类积累率关系的最优控制模型,进而得到了两大部类积累率的最优均衡关系.该算法表明,两大部类投资比例是唯一可能的最优解,这意味着文章推导出的最优解具有普遍的理论意义,而且具有实践意义.

本文选取重庆市1990年以来的部分时间序列数据,从计量经济学的角度,在理论支持的基础上,利用EVIEWS软件就重庆FDI对出口贸易的作用进行回归分析.分析得出,FDI不仅对重庆市出口贸易有促进作用,并且促进了出口结构的优化.继而实证分析得出的结论,对重庆引进外资的政策制定提出建议.

This article uses Trade CompetitivenessIndex and Market Share Index to quantitatively analyze export competitiveness of mechanical and electrical products in Chongqing and find it poor.The causes are be scanty of innovation and be susceptible to trade technology barrier,trade protectionism and the appreciation of the RMB Yuan.Then the article brings up the countermeasures to Promoting of Export Competitiveness of Mechanical and Electrical Products in Chongqing in the post-crisis epoch.

进入时机对于公司而言是一个重要的策略问题,在恰当时机进入一个新市场常常是公司经营成功的关键.文章对先动优势理论与实证研究近年来的主要研究成果进行了梳理,对相关文献进行评述的基础上,指出其不足,并提出了未来研究的建议.

通过对国内五种经典国际金融教材的比较分析发现,我国主要的国际金融教材遵循的是与国际上主流金融学相一致的微观化的发展趋势。高校选择国际金融教材,应最能反映当前时代特点并与理论发展相一致,充分考虑不同的培养目标,结合不同专业的课程开设情况,有针对性地选择不同的教材。