ABSTRACT Predicting species distributions under future environmental change is essential for understanding biodiversity responses and informing conservation planning. Vaccinium, a genus that includes important germplasm resources for many commercial berry crops, comprises diverse berry wild relatives (BWRs) in China, yet research on their responses to environmental changes remains limited. Here, we used occurrences of eight Vaccinium BWRs in China and ensemble species distribution models to predict their distributions in the 2070s under climate and land‐use changes (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585) together with two dispersal scenarios (20 km/decade and full dispersal). We found stronger effects from climate‐related variables than land‐use variables on the distributions of the eight BWRs. The current potential distribution areas were largely consistent with known distributions, with generally high or moderate suitability. Most species would have their range size contracted, while two species were projected to have considerable range size increased. There was a trend of range shifts toward higher latitudes for most species. Based on projected persistent suitable areas, three northeastern distributed species would have their habitat limited in the Greater Khingan Mountains area, while five southern distributed species would harbor relative stability in their own specific areas. These findings enhance our understanding of how climate and land‐use changes may reshape the distributions of Vaccinium BWRs in China and provide valuable insights for their long‐term conservation and management.

The nitrogen (N) vs. phosphorus (P) scaling exponent, indicating the allocation strategies of the two nutrients, plays an important role in predicting plant and ecosystem functioning. Besides the constant scaling relationship of N vs. P, plasticity of scaling exponents has been demonstrated, with proposed potential causes including plant functional groups (PFGs) or environmental factors. However, relatively little is known about whether the N vs. P scaling exponent of different PFGs response similarly to different environmental conditions. We measured N and P concentrations in leaves and twigs of 964 shrub individuals in a secondary subtropical forest in Eastern China and explored how the N vs. P scaling exponent vary with different light or soil nutrient conditions for deciduous and evergreen shrubs. The leaf N vs. P scaling exponent of evergreen but not deciduous shrubs was affected by light condition, with higher scaling exponent of understory shrubs than that of typical shrubs. The twig scaling exponent of understory shrubs was lower than that of typical shrubs for both PFGs. With increasing soil N availability, responses of scaling exponents in both organs for both PFGs consistent with compliant type first and resistant type later. The scaling exponents of deciduous and evergreen shrubs in both organs showed opposite trends at a relatively high soil P availability level. Our results reveal that environmental factors may alter the N vs. P scaling exponent differently across PFGs. These findings have important implications for improving predictions of stoichiometric models and broadening our understanding of plant responses to varying environments. This study investigates the N vs. P scaling exponents of leaves and twigs in deciduous and evergreen shrubs under different light or soil nutrient conditions in a secondary subtropical forest, revealing that environmental factors may alter the scaling exponents differently across plant functional groups. The study provides new insights for improving stoichiometric model predictions and deepening our understanding of plant responses to environmental variability. (sic)(sic):(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)964(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):1)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).2)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).3)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

A belowground bud bank is a collection of asexual propagules produced by the underground storage organs of geophytes. Renewal through belowground bud banks is the main reproductive strategy of geophytes. The belowground bud bank density reflects the potential renewal capacity of geophyte communities. However, the effects of different perturbation regimes and habitats on the belowground bud bank density of geophytes are not comprehensively understood. Moreover, whether different types of belowground bud banks respond differently to perturbations is still unclear. For this meta-analysis, relevant papers on the effects of environmental perturbations on the belowground bud bank density of geophytes were systematically collected. The cumulative effect size of different perturbation regimes and habitats on belowground bud banks among different bud types was analyzed. Overall, the effect of environmental perturbations on belowground bud bank density was small, which may result from opposite or fluctuating responses of bud banks to different perturbations. Drought negatively affected bud bank density. Environmental perturbations decreased rhizome bud density but increased tiller bud density. In wetlands, perturbations decreased belowground bud bank density. However, no significant effect was found for other habitat types. In general, belowground bud banks of geophytes are highly resistant and resilient. Changes in belowground bud bank density depend on the type of perturbations, the habitats in which plants are distributed and the type of bud banks.

Predicting changes in suitable areas under climate and land use changes, and identifying persistent suitable areas for economically valuable plant species, are critical for future conservation and cultivation. Camellia chekiangoleosa, Camellia drupifera, Camellia oleifera and Camellia reticulata serve as important woody oilseed species in China, providing both economic and ecological benefits. Here, we predict the distributions of the four species under climate and land use changes (SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585 in 2070) combining two dispersal constraint scenarios (full dispersal and 20 km/decade) by using ensemble species distribution models. The results showed that the current potential suitable areas of the four species coincided with their current known distribution regions; most of these areas are of high suitability. Among the environmental variables, climatic factors have stronger effects on the distribution of the four species than land use factors. In response to climate and land use changes, the range sizes of C. chekiangoleosa and C. drupifera were projected to increase, while for C. oleifera and C. reticulata the range would contract. In addition, the centroid of the suitable range would shift in different directions and distances for different species. As a result of distinctive range shifts, the studied species have their own specific areas of persistent suitability in southern China. Notably, except for the widespread C. oleifera, there is almost no overlap in the persistent suitable areas among the other three species. This study gives us a better understanding of the impact of climate and land use changes on the major Camellia oilseed species in China, thus guiding the selection of sites for oil tea plantations and the conservation of germplasm resources.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are accurate in predicting the levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. However, these models are not yet practical due to the large number of parameters involved, which should take a significant amount of time and cost to detect. Developing accurate and reliable prediction models of DBPs with fewest parameters is essential in the management of drinking water safety. This study used the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF-ANN) to predict the levels of trihalomethanes (THMs), the most abundant DBPs in drinking water. Two water quality parameters identified by multiple linear regression (MLR) models were used as model inputs, and the quality of the models was assessed based on criteria such as correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute relative error (MARE), and the percentage of predictions with absolute relative error less than 25% (NE<25%) and over than 40% (NE>40%), etc. The results showed that the ANFIS models had higher correlation coefficients (r = 0.853-0.898) and prediction accuracy (NE<25% = 91%-94%) compared to RBF-ANN models (r = 0.553-0.819; NE<25% = 77%-86%) and traditional MLR models (r = 0.389-0.619; NE<25% = 67%-77%). Conversely, the prediction error, as indicated by MARE and NE>40%, showed the opposite trend: ANFIS models (MARE = 8%-11%; NE>40% = 0-5%) < RBF-ANN models (MARE = 15%-18%; NE>40% = 5%-11%) < MLR models (MARE = 19%-21%; NE>40% = 11%-17%). The present study provided a novel approach for constructing high-quality prediction models of THMs in water supply systems using only two parameters. This method holds promise as a viable alternative for monitoring THMs concentrations in tap water, thereby contributing to the improvement of water quality management strategies.

地下芽植物能够通过地下储存器官占据生境资源、储存营养物质等策略来获得生态优势，其地下储存器官多样性以及生物量分配策略，对地下芽植物物种组成以及生态系统功能产生重要影响。然而，以往研究多关注草地生态系统的地下芽植物，对森林地下芽植物的了解仍然缺乏。采集了古田山国家级自然保护区不同海拔分布的693个草本植物个体，分析了地下芽植物及其地下储存器官的类型与多样性，比较了地下芽植物与非地下芽植物的地上、地下各器官的绝对、相对生物量。结果显示：（1）地下芽植物的相对丰富度为69.1%,相对多度为88.2%。大多为根状茎植物，主要由禾本科、莎草科、堇菜科和蕨类植物组成。（2）除茎外，地下芽植物各器官的绝对生物量（叶：1.94g,根：0.65g,地上部分：2.0g,地下部分：4.1g）均大于非地下芽植物（叶：0.26g,根：0.13g,地上部分：0.68g,地下部分：0.13g）。（3）地下芽植物叶（0.40）与茎（0.14）的相对生物量小于非地下芽植物（叶：0.48,茎：0.35）,地下部分相对生物量（0.56）大于非地下芽植物（0.17）。本研究表明，以根状茎植物为主的地下芽植物是古田山亚热带森林生态系统草本植物的主要构成者，且个体普遍较大，倾向于将生物量投资于地下器官。这些结果为认识地下芽植物的生态策略与功能以及草本植物群落管理提供了科学依据。

In this study, simulated chlorine and chloramine disinfection drinking water were prepared from terrestrial organic matter. The removal pattern of 46 DBP species（6 classes） during the boiling process was investigated systematically. The results showed that as compared with chlorine, chloramine disinfection effectively reduced the formation of trihalometanes（THMs）, haloacetic acids（HAAs）, haloacetaldehydes（HALs）, haloacetonitriles（HANs）, halonitrimethanes（HNMs）, but increased the generation of iodinated DBPs（I-DBPs） and haloacetamides（HAc Ams）. The boiling process reduced the concentrations of most DBPs（except di-HAAs）, and the following patterns were found:（1） For single DBP species, disinfection mode had no significant effect on the removal rate during the boiling process;（2） within the same class, DBPs with a high degree of substitution were generally easier to be removed by boiling than those with a low degree of substitution;（3） For the same class of DBPs with the same degree of substitution, the removal rate of most DBPs followed the order of I-DBPs ＞ Br-DBPs ＞ Cl-DBPs;（4） For a few DBPs（such as Cl/Br-THMs and di-HANs）, their removal rate showed boiling point or Henry’s law constant dependence. The order of DBPs removal rate during the boiling process was generally ranked as THMs ≈ HANs ≈ HALs ≈ HNMs ＞ HAc Ams＞＞HAAs. In addition, the cytotoxicity of each class of DBPs also significantly reduced after boiling. The overall cytotoxicity removal rate of HAAs, HAc Ams, HALs and HNMs was higher than the corresponding concentration removal rate, but for HANs, the opposite was true. Among the 6 classes of DBPs, HANs and HALs contributed the most（72% to 77%） to the cytotoxicity of water, both before and after boiling. The results in this study are of great significance for understanding the pattern of DBPs removal in the boiling process and for preventing and controlling the health risks of DBPs.

Biomass allocation strategies among geophytes and non-geophytes generally determine the ecological adaptation and impacts of herbaceous plants. Although geophytes and non-geophytes are key components of the biodiversity of subtropical forest ecosystems, strategies for biomass allocation of both remain unknown. In this study, 695 individual herbaceous plants were collected from low, middle, and high altitude regions in Qianjiangyuan National Park. We analyzed the biomass and allometric trajectories of the leaves, stems, roots, and underground storage organs of whole herbs, geophytes, and non-geophytes. The results showed that: (1) The overall allometric trajectory of understory herbs changed with increase in altitude. Allocation was reduced to stems and leaves and increased to roots. (2) In geophytes, the allocation was reduced to leaves and stems and increased to underground storage organs and roots, which follows the optimal partitioning theory. In the biomass trade-off of the aboveground parts, the stem is preferred. (3) However, the allometric trajectories of non-geophytes are less susceptible to changes in the altitude, and the biomass allocation strategy depends only on plant size which follows allometric partitioning theory. In the biomass trade-off of the aboveground parts, the leaves are preferred. Totally, geophytes and non-geophytes adopted different biomass allocation strategies as adaptations to altitudinal changes in the environment. The plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation in herb species. This study has implications for the management practices of herbaceous plants and predicting changes in understory vegetation.

树皮是木本植物茎干最外层结构,具有保护茎干、养分储存与运输等重要作用。因此,树皮厚度是一项非常重要的功能性状,其变异不仅影响树皮的各种生态功能,还能影响群落构建与物种共存。然而,以往对树皮厚度的研究集中于火灾易发生态系统,对火灾不易发生的亚热带常绿阔叶林的研究仍较缺乏。测量了古田山国家级自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林内树种的树皮厚度,并检验了总树皮厚度、内树皮厚度与外树皮厚度在各分类群间以及功能群间的差异。结果发现:1) 39个树种807个个体的总树皮厚度、内树皮厚度与外树皮厚度均值分别为1.90 mm、1.38 mm和0.54 mm。漆树科（Anacardiaceae）、杨梅科（Myricaceae）以及亚热带常绿阔叶林代表类群壳斗科（Fagaceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）的树皮厚度较大。短柄枹（Quercus serrata）、木荷（Schima superba）、小叶青冈（Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia）等树种的树皮厚度较大。2)种间、科间的各树皮厚度差异均显著。不同功能类群间,乔木类群的各树皮厚度均较灌木类群大,常绿类群的各树皮厚度均较落叶类群大（内树皮厚度除外）。本次研究结果表明,相对于火灾易发生态系统中的树皮厚度,古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林群落内的树皮厚度相对较薄,表明这些森林树种对当地湿润气候的适应性。同时,树皮厚度在各种分类水平与功能群水平间的显著变异,反映了群落内不同生态策略的共存。

将植物划分为不同的生长型来统计植物功能性状特征,是当前植物性状研究中常用的方法;但生长型分类方案的不同很可能造成植物功能性状统计分析的偏差,对此偏差的评估却尚未见报道.根据植物志描述及野外调查实际情况,将生长型划分为3种不同的分类方案:分类1:根据植物志信息划分为传统意义的乔木和灌木;分类2:根据树高和胸径划分乔木、小乔木和灌木;分类3:仅根据树高划分乔木层与灌木层的乔木和灌木.以东部亚热带常绿阔叶林区域的浙江金华北山35种优势阔叶木本植物的枝叶性状为研究对象,比较不同生长型分类对植物枝叶性状统计数据的影响.结果表明:(1)与传统的分类1相比,分类2对乔木植物枝叶性状影响的显著程度要高于分类3,而对灌木植物枝叶性状的影响程度低于分类3;但不同生长型分类方案中乔木和灌木的枝叶性状总体差异不显著.而与分类2小乔木相比,分类1以及分类2内部的乔木和灌木生长型的性状与分类2小乔木差异非常明显;(2)将不同生长型植物再划分为不同生活型后,不同生长型分类方案对性状统计的影响增大.无论是常绿还是落叶生活型的小乔木,其与不同生活型乔木和灌木的性状差异仍然显著.可见,不同的生长型分类方案可造成植物功能性状统计的差异;把小乔木植物这一功能类群划分出来,能更好地反映森林生态系统性状特征的差异性.

浙江红山茶Camellia chekiangoleosa具有重要的观赏、油用、药用、生态等价值,野外种群大多处于退化状态,但在古田山国家级自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林林下分布有成片的浙江红山茶野生种群.文章基于该保护区内24 hm2大型样地,研究分析了样地内浙江红山茶种群的年龄结构、生命表特征、生存曲线以及分布格局.结果表明,样地内共有7565株胸径≥1 cm的浙江红山茶个体,其中,I级幼树个体(3912株)占总个体数量的51.7％;种群径级结构总体呈倒"J"型;生命期望值总体上随着径级的增加而减小;种群的生存曲线呈DeeveyⅢ型,说明该种群采取大量繁殖后代的生存策略;样地内浙江红山茶集中分布在海拔550 m以上的常绿阔叶林下,以及海拔550 m以下的沟谷生境中,且各径级种群的分布格局呈现逐渐稀疏的趋势.上述结果说明,古田山国家级自然保护区内保存有大面积连续且集中分布的野生浙江红山茶种群,该种群具有较稳定的种群结构和分布规律,种群更新处于良好状态.这表明当地的保护区设置有助于浙江红山茶野外种群的维持.

Aims Multi-stemming supports plants'resilience to disturbances and then contributes to soil stabilization and forest function,especially in mountain habitats.Many questions remain about(i)the ontogenetic phase at which multiple stems can occur,(ii)how habitat drivers affect multi-stemming and(iii)whether ontogenetic phase and habitat drivers interact.We asked these questions for Quercus glauca(ring-cupped oak),the dominant species and sprouter across large warm-temperate areas of Asia;its multi-stemmed trees reflect individual survival,population regeneration and forest ecosystem stability.Methods In a 5-ha permanent plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China,we examined the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of multi-stemmed trees of Q.glauca within 99 quadrats of 20 m x 20 m.Important Findings There were three temporal modes for multi-stemming among the Q.glauca trees and most of them appeared to produce multiple stems from an early stage.Environmental disturbances related to slope convexity appear to be the main drivers of multi-stemming of Q.glauca.Moreover,the closer to the ridge,the earlier the multi-stemming occurs.Thus,also for other woody species in other forests and climate zones,ontogeny and environmental drivers promoting disturbance(not only geomorphology,but also extreme weather events,soil drought,fire),as well as soil fertility,need to be considered in combination to better understand multi-stemming and its consequences for community structure.

灌木是森林和灌丛生态系统的重要组成部分,探究森林与灌丛灌木功能性状的差异,可揭示灌木在不同生境的适应策略.该研究以金华北山森林群落林下灌木层、低山灌丛和山顶灌丛共24个样地中的优势灌木为研究对象,分析叶片和小枝9个功能性状在3种生境下的总体差异,以及种间、种内变异和不同生活型的差异.结果表明:1)9个性状在3种不同生境下存在差异.林下灌木具有较大的叶面积和比叶面积,较小的叶干物质含量、叶和小枝的组织密度,低山灌丛相较于山顶灌丛具有较大的叶厚度、叶组织密度和较小的比叶面积、小枝干物质含量.2)林下灌木的比叶面积、小枝直径、小枝组织密度和小枝干物质含量的种内种间变异系数最大,低山灌丛的比叶面积、叶和小枝的干物质含量、叶和小枝的组织密度的种内种间变异系数最小.3)不同生活型间,林下常绿灌木的叶厚度、叶组织密度、叶干物质含量显著高于落叶灌木,落叶灌木的比叶面积显著高于常绿灌木,而山顶灌丛叶厚度和比叶面积的差异规律与林下灌木相同,叶组织密度和叶干物质含量的差异与其相反.4)影响灌木性状的主要因素是物种以及物种和生境的交互作用.总之,森林群落林下灌木形成较大叶面积和比叶面积,较小叶和小枝组织密度、叶干物质含量的性状组合,以快速生长而适应光照较弱、竞争作用强的林下环境,是资源获取型策略;低山灌丛和山顶灌丛具有较大叶厚度、组织密度、干物质含量和小枝组织密度和较小叶面积、比叶面积等一系列储存养分、慢速生长的性状组合,属于资源保守型策略.灌木植物性状的不同组合及其所反映的不同生活策略,对亚热带地区退化植被的生态恢复具有指导意义.

The basic composition and structural feature of Stewartia sinensis community were analyzed by investigating three representative permanent sample plots in Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve, Zhejiang according to the criteria of China Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CForBio) to further understand the basic status of S.sinensis community in Gutian Mountain and to provide a reference for dynamic study and protection strategy formulation of S.sinensis community in Gutian Mountain.Result:1) There are 79 vascular plant species, 59 genera, 36 families in S.sinensis community.Rosaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Ericaceae and Fagaceae are main families.2) There are 8 types in floristic geographical elements of seed plants genera.The genera distributed in tropical zone and temperate zone account for 45.28％ and 54.72％ of total genera respectively.3) The S.sinensis community belongs to evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest mainly and a few belongs to coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest.The vertical structure layers are relatively obvious.The dominant species at arborous layer are Pinus taiwanensis, Quercus glandulifera and Stewartia sinensis.The main species at shrub layer are Indocalamus latifolius and Rhododendron simsii.The main species at herb layer are Dryopteris championii and Carexsp.There are Trachelospermum jasminoides, Sabia japonica var.japonicaand Smilax china between interlayers.4) The comprehensive performance of species diversity at different layers is arborous layer>herb layer>shrub layer.5) The overall performance of S.sinensis community is of the certain stability but the renewal of S.sinensis community shows a recession trend in Gutian Mountain as a whole.Therefore, the S.sinensis community should be further protected in Gutian Mountain.

在钱江源国家公园古田山国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物系统调查的基础上,对该地区珍稀濒危植物的种类组成、保护价值、地理区系特征及分布现状进行了系统研究。结果显示:古田山地区共有省级及以上野生珍稀濒危种子植物32科55属63种,其中被《国家重点保护野生植物名录》（第一批）收录的Ⅰ级保护植物1种、Ⅱ级保护植物15种,被《中国植物红皮书》收录的有15种,浙江省重点野生保护植物19种,其余物种分别被《中国物种红色名录》和《中国高等植物受威胁物种名录》收录;保护区内的多数珍稀濒危植物分布区狭窄,除少数保护植物如野大豆Glycine soja Siebold＆Zucc.、野含笑Michelia skinneriana Dunn、杨桐Cleyera japonica Thunb.等种类的种群较大外,其他种类的种群较小;长序榆Ulmus elongata L. K. Fu＆C. S. Ding、香果树Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.、榧树Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindl.、三小叶山豆根Euchresta japonica Benth.ex Oliv.、金刚大Croomia japonica Miq.等种类零星分布于核心保护区,有少量珍稀植物如南方红豆杉Taxus wallichiana Zucc. var. mairei （Lemée＆H. Lév.） L. K. Fu＆Nan Li、花榈木Ormosia henryi Prain等位于缓冲区或试验区;保护区珍稀濒危植物属的区系成分较丰富,温带成分相对较多,中国特有属的濒危度较高,急需采取相应保护措施。

长序榆(Ulmus elongata)是特产于我国的濒危物种,自然资源稀少,属国家Ⅱ级重点野生保护植物.为探明浙江古田山野生长序榆的群落特性、种群特点,分析长序榆种群的濒危机制,参照CTFS固定样地调查方法,对古田山长序榆野生群落的物种组成、垂直结构、物种多样性及长序榆种群结构进行调查.结果表明:古田山长序榆群落植物物种较丰富,科属组成分散.群落垂直结构可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,伴有一定数量层间植物.物种多样性大小依次为乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层.从径级结构看,古田山长序榆幼树和小树个体较多,中树和大树个体较少,属增长型种群.古田山长序榆群落距离自然村较近,植株总数较少,野生资源处于濒危状态,需进一步加强保护.

Oxalis articulata, an alien clonal plant species, is widely cultivated in China as an ornamental species, and has escaped and became naturalized. Belowground storage in tubers of O. articulata may play a key role for the potential invasion. In this study, we investigated the responses of its clonal resource storage strategy to mowing, aiming to uncover the mechanism underlying their invasion from a perspective of clonal storage. We examined the changes of biomass in different organs, biomass allocation, and several functional traits of roots, tubers and leaves in O. articulata by conducting a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that significant main and interactive effects of mowing intensity and mowing frequency on some functional traits of leaves and roots were found. In contrast, tuber biomass and total biomass did not vary under different mowing treatments. The frequent mowing significantly increased the biomass allocation to tubers. These findings demonstrated that clonal storage, to some extent, could enhance the resistance of O. articulata to environmental disturbance, which might promote its invasiveness.

Sprouting,an effective means of regeneration in woody plants,gives the forest community a great resilience.However,most previous studies focused on seedling regeneration,so the importance of sprouting regeneration in forests are still not well understood.Using a 5 hm2 plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Qianjiangyuan National Park,we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of sprouting in woody plants,and the variations of the sprouting abilities of different taxa and different functional groups.Results showed that:(1) 64％ of species and 20％ of individuals had sprouted,and sprouted stems accounted for 24％ of the total individuals in the plot.(2) There were significant differences in sprouting ability both on the species level and on the family level (F=13.11,P＜ 0.001;F=27.45,P＜0.001).More precisely,the species Corylopsis glandulifera,Chimonanthus salicifolius,Viburnum erosum,Eurya rubiginosa var.attenuata,and Pieris formosa,and those in Calycanthaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Magnoliaceae,and Fagaceae had high sprouting abilities.(3) There were significant differences among different vertical structure layers in sprouting ability (F=117.5,P＜0.001),and the sprouting abilities of species in the shrub layer were about twice those in the canopy layer and sub-canopy layer.Significant differences in sprouting ability were also detected between different life forms (evergreen vs.deciduous),where the sprouting ability in evergreen groups was higher than that in deciduous groups (P＜0.001).Sprouting regeneration plays an important role in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and may be one of the mechanisms related to species diversity maintenance and community succession.Shrub species and evergreen species have strong sprouting ability,implying that sprouting may be a plant strategy for shade tolerance.

总结浙江省木兰科野生植物资源特征的基础上,综合考虑观赏价值、开发潜力和生物学特性等因素,确定12个评价因子,构建了目标资源的层次分析(AHP)模型,对浙江省12种木兰科野生植物的观赏特征及其他用途进行了综合评分与评价.厚朴(Magnolia officinalis)、深山含笑(Michelia maudiae)、黄山玉兰(Yulania cylindrica)、天目玉兰(Yulania amoena)具有优良的综合特性,可大规模开发利用.鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)、玉兰(Yulania denudata)、星花玉兰(Yulania stellata)可适当开发利用.野含笑(Michelia skinneriana)、天女花(Oyama sieboldii)、乐东拟单性木兰(Parakmeria lotungensis)适合小规模开发利用.木莲(Manglietia fordiana)、雅致含笑(Michelia elegans)可暂不开发利用.