Objective:To explore the pupil size distribution of the Chinese myopic population under different mesopic conditions, and to analyze the possible influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Two hundred and fourteen myopic patients (428 eyes) who underwent refractive surgery in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December 2018 to April 2019 were randomly selected.The patients were 17 to 45 years old, with an average age of (22.62±4.88) years old.The patients were divided into astigmatism

Objective:The objective of this retrospective study was to employ machine learning techniques to examine age-related traits of ocular aberrations in a substantial population with myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Data from a population of myopic and myopic astigmatism patients who underwent wavefront aberration examinations at the Refractive Surgery Center of Tianjin Eye Hospital in Tianjin, China, were collected continuously from January 2013 to July 2017. The data from the right eye of each individual were collected for analysis. Each eye had 32 outcome data points, including age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lower-order aberrations (spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter, and astigmatic axis), and higher-order aberrations [Zernike coefficients and root mean square (RMS) of the third to sixth order aberrations] were analyzed. Higher-order aberrations were measured by Hartmann-Shack aberrometer.Results:The study included 1 507 subjects (1 507 eyes), comprising of 694 males and 813 females, with a mean age of (23.28±5.45) years. The findings demonstrated a decrease followed by an increase in most of the higher-order aberrations with age between 15-40 years. The minimum value points were observed in the age group of 25-30 years for RMS of total higher-order aberrations, 3rd RMS (with a confidence of 47.74% for range 1), 4th RMS (with a confidence of 86.01% for range 1), and trefoil aberrations (with a confidence of 56.38% for C 33 and 73.25% for C 3-3). The minimum value points were also observed in the age group of 30-35 years for primary spherical aberration (with a confidence of 56.10% for C 40) and vertical coma-like aberration (with a confidence of 56.91% for C 3-1). In contrast, astigmatism with the rule tended to decrease with age, while astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism tended to increase (with a confidence of 88.66%, 84.71%, 81.07%, 79.67%, and 66.35% for astigmatism with the rule in different age groups). Conclusions:As age increases, the population with with-the-rule astigmatism decreases while the population with against-the-rule astigmatism increases. The high-order aberrations are the lowest in the 25-35 age group.

Corneal refractive surgery is widely used to correct myopia and astigmatism because of its safety, effectiveness and stability.Precision medicine is the future direction of development, and the demands for accuracy in corneal refractive surgery are also increasing, which has a direct impact on patient satisfaction.Nomogram, as a key design in refractive surgery, needs to be combined with several important predictors to quantify individual risk.Different surgical methods need different nomograms.In this paper, the effects of corneal surface surgery, lamellar surgery, modeling algorithm and possible factors such as patient's sex, age, expected correction, corneal curvature, preoperative spherical equivalent, etc.on the predicted values were discussed.At the same time, the application of nomograms in corneal refractive surgery at home and abroad in recent years and the research progress of nomogram influencing factors were explored, in order to provide more and more accurate reference for clinical practice, to improve the accuracy of corneal refractive surgery and help patients achieve satisfactory postoperative visual quality.

Myopia prevention and control has become one of the difficulties of eye health in China. Previous studies have focused on the effect of myopia control, but less on the visual performance and visual quality caused by various approaches to myopia control for adolescents. On one hand, most of the prevention methods can achieve myopia control by affecting retinal imaging. On the other hand, they can affect the visual quality and even the quality of daily life. Therefore, a balance between myopia control effects and visual quality needs to be considered in clinical work. This article points out the importance of improving visual quality in the process of myopia prevention and control, analyzes the problems of visual quality related to the myopia prevention and control methods, and puts forward suggestions on myopia management, so as to improve the visual quality with the effective prevention and control of myopia in adolescents.Finally, improving the comprehensive prevention and control level of myopia for adolescents.Finally, improving the comprehensive prevention and control level of myopia for adolescents.

Objective::To analyze the effect of different incision sizes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on the correction of myopic astigmatism.Methods::This was a retrospective series case study. Three hundred and forty-nine patients (349 eyes) with myopic astigmatism who underwent SMILE surgery in the Refractive Surgery Center of Tianjin Eye Hospital from February to December 2021 were consecutively included in this study. Data from the right eyes of each patient were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: 129 patients (129 eyes) who received SMILE with 2 mm incision as the 2 mm incision group, and 220 patients (220 eyes) with 3 mm incision as the 3 mm incision group. The patients were grouped according to their cylinder diopter, with those less than 1.50 D being assigned to the low astigmatism group and those with 1.50 D or greater assigned to the high astigmatism group. Subsequently, the degree of cylinder was further sub-grouped according to the incision. Additionally, patients were grouped according to the degree of spherical diopter: the patients with spherical of -3.00-0 D were in the low sphere group, those with a spherical diopter between -6.00 and -3.25 D were assigned to the moderate sphere group, and the patients with spherical diopter less than -6.00 D were defined as the high sphere group, after which the degree of spherical was sub-grouped according to the incision. The visual acuity, diopter, and corneal topography were performed on the operated eyes before and 3 months after surgery. The vector analysis method was used to analyze the correction effect of astigmatism. The observation indicators included target induced astigmatism (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), difference vector (DV), correction index (CI), index of success (IOS), angle of error (AOE), absolute value of error angle (|AOE|), magnitude of error (ME), flatten effect (FE), and flattening index (FI). Independent sample t-test was used to analyse the differences in baseline parameters between different incision groups, and Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences for postoperative diopter, TIA, SIA, CI, IOS, AOE, | AOE |, FI, FE, ME after surgery. Results::There was no significant difference in spherical, cylindrical and SE values between the different incision groups at 3 months after operation (all P>0.05). The percentage of eyes with the uncorrected visual acuity≥20/20 at 3 months after surgery was 96% in the 2 mm incision group, and 95% in the 3 mm incision group. The vector analysis showed that the IOS of the 3 mm incision group was lower than that of the 2 mm group, with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.27, P=0.023). In the low astigmatism group, the IOS and CI of the 3 mm incision group were less than that of the 2 mm incision group, with statistical difference ( Z=-2.17, P=0.030; Z=-2.84, P=0.005). The FI and ME of the 3 mm incision group were greater than that of the 2mm incision group, with statistical differences ( Z=-2.42, P=0.016; Z=-2.02, P=0.043). In the moderate sphere group, the IOS and FI of the 3 mm incision group was less than that of the 2 mm incision group, with statistical differences ( Z=-3.33, P=0.001; Z=-2.39, P=0.017). The CI of the 3 mm incision group in the high sphere group was less than that of the 2 mm incision group, showing a statistical difference between the two groups ( Z=-2.24, P=0.025). There was no significant difference for other indexes between the two groups. Conclusions::The SMILE procedure with different sizes of incisions achieves excellent correction of astigmatism. Although the 2 mm incision is minimally invasive, the 3 mm incision also shows several advantages in the correction of low-grade astigmatism from vector analysis.

Corneal biomechanics has become a research hotspot in recent years. The deepening of research results in a new interdisciplinary-mechanobiology. Mechanobiology is a discipline to study the relationship between mechanics and biological processes in organism at cellular, molecular, and genetic levels through mechanical principles and methods. The cornea is in a complex mechanical environment under the intraocular pressure, and various diseases and surgeries can cause changes in its stress environment. Studying biological response of corneal tissues and cells to mechanical stimuli has very important scientific and clinical significance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of the cornea and the diagnosis and treatment of corneal related diseases. This article comprehensively describes progress in corneal mechanobiology in recent years, in order to provide new research directions and ideas for the related corneal mechanobiology research.

Objective:To investigate the changes, distribution and influencing factors of ocular dominance after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods:A retrospective observational case series study was conducted.One hundred and twelve patients (224 eyes) with an average age of 25.1±5.4 years who underwent SMILE surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from November 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled.There were 42 male and 70 female patients.The dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-the-card test before and after the surgery.Subjective and objective refraction and uncorrected visual acuity examination were performed before operation, and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The subjects were divided into switch group and non-switch group based on whether the dominant eye changed after surgery.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the main influencing factors of dominant eye switches.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.201905). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical examination.Results:There were 18 patients (16.1%) in the switch group including 7 males (38.9%) and 11 females (61.1%), and 94 patients (83.9%) in the non-switch group including 35 males (37.2%) and 59 females (62.8%). No statistically significant difference was found in sex between the two groups ( χ2=0.02, P=0.89). At 1 month and 3 months after the surgery, there was a statistically significant difference in the cylindrical power between the dominant and non-dominant eye ( t=2.31, 1.95; both at P<0.05). Binary logistic regression equation showed that spherical equivalent[odds ratio ( OR)=0.47, 95%confidence interval ( CI): 0.35-0.66]and refractive error difference ( OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.12-4.36) were significantly related to the eye dominance switches. Conclusions:There were 16.1% of patients having eye dominance switches after SMILE.The dominant eye transfomation is associated with higher spherical equivalent and anisometropia difference before surgery.

Objective:To investigate the influence of angle Kappa on total high-order aberration (HOA) before and after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods:An observational case series study was conducted.Right eyes of 98 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent SMILE surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from April 2015 to May 2016 were selected.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical diopter and cylindrical diopter under cycloplegic condition were examined before the surgery and at l and 3 months postoperatively.The chord distance of angle Kappa was measured by Pentacam topography.Wavefront aberrations were measured by WaveScan aberrometer.Pre- and postoperative UCVA, refractive status and each HOA were analyzed.The relationship between angle Kappa and each HOA was analyzed by Pearson correlation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.TJYYLL-2017-17). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The preoperative, postoperative 1-month and postoperative 3-month UCVA (LogMAR) were 0.06±0.23, -0.03±0.07 and -0.05±0.07, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference ( F=779.330, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and spherical equivalent (SE) between before and after operation ( F=1 107.811, 127.786, 1 191.266; all at P<0.001), and the postoperative spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and SE were significantly lower than those before surgery (all at P<0.001). At 6-mm pupil diameter, significant differences were found between postoperative total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, the third-order aberration (S3), fourth-order aberration (S4), fifth-order aberration (S5) and sixth-order aberration (S6) and the preoperative values ( F=75.915, 78.231, 66.186, 64.521, 97.161, 36.623, 28.852; all at P<0.001). The postoperative 1- and 3-month total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were significantly increased in comparison with those before surgery (all at P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between angle Kappa and total HOA, coma and S3 at 1 and 3 months after surgery (total HOA: r=0.357, 0.363; both at P<0.001.coma: r=0.310, 0.341; both at P<0.01.S3∶ r=0.343, 0.371; both at P<0.01). Significant differences were found in preoperative, postoperative 1-month and 3-month total HOA, coma and S3 between groups with different angle Kappa ( Fgroup=3.363, 4.277, 4.029; all at P<0.05). The postoperative total HOA, coma and S3 of the larger angle Kappa group were greater than those of the smaller angle Kappa group, with statistically significant differences between them (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:A larger angle Kappa may induce HOAs in SMILE surgery.

3D bio-printing technology is an emerging technology in recent years, which is driven by digital three-dimensional model and based on a certain additive manufacturing principle, positioning and assembling biological materials and cell units to form medical devices, engineered tissues, artificial organs and other products. Its emergence may solve the shortage of organs for transplant and thus prolong the life of patients or improve their quality of life. In the field of ophthalmology, it is expected to construct eyeball refractive system components through “bio-printing”, which has great development prospects in the field of ophthalmology. This paper briefly introduces 3D bioprinting technology and its latest application in ophthalmology. We will report the current research progress and future development trend, aiming to improve the understanding of ophthalmology doctors and related fields on 3D bioprinting in the application of ophthalmology, so as to accelerate the development and application of 3D bioprinting.

目的 探讨近视性屈光参差患者的相对调节反应对屈光手术Nomogram设计值的影响.方法 选取2020年6月至9月在天津市眼科医院屈光手术中心拟行近视性屈光不正患者62例(124眼)作为研究对象.根据双眼等效球镜度将患者分为高度数眼与低度数眼,进一步依据有无屈光参差将患者分为非屈光参差组高度数眼(HNA组,34眼)、非屈光参差组低度数眼(LNA组,34眼)、屈光参差组高度数眼(HA组,28眼)、屈光参差组低度数眼(LA组,28眼).采用WAM-5500开放式自动验光仪进行眼调节反应测量,分别测量50 cm、40 cm、33 cm、25 cm、20 cm处对应的2.00 D、2.50 D、3.00 D、4.00 D、5.00 D调节刺激下的相对调节反应.术前Nomogram值、不同调节刺激下的相对调节反应采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行组间比较.结果 LNA组、HNA组、LA组和HA组患者相对调节反应均小于其对应的调节刺激.HNA组患者2.00 D调节刺激下相对调节反应明显高于LA组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.038);HNA组患者5.00 D调节刺激下相对调节反应明显高于LA组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);2.50 D、3.00 D、4.00 D调节刺激下两组患者的相对调节反应差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).在LNA组和HNA组、LNA组和LA组、LNA组和HA组、HNA组和HA组、LA组和HA组患者不同调节刺激下的相对调节反应差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).在LA组中,5.00 D调节刺激下相对调节反应与术前Nomogram设计值呈正相关关系(r=0.444,P=0.020);在LNA组和HNA组中,术前Nomogram设计值与2.00 D、2.50 D、3.00 D、4.00 D和5.00 D调节刺激下相对调节反应均无明显相关性(均为P>0.05).结论 屈光参差患者术前相对调节反应会对Nomogram设计值产生影响,未来可根据患者术前相对调节反应适当调整术前Nomogram设计值以提高矫正效果.

根据临床可视化角膜生物力学分析仪(CorVis ST)检测得到近视患者屈光手术前角膜动态变形历程曲线,采用有限元数值模拟逆解方法确定其角膜在体有效弹性模量.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法得到CorVis ST喷射气流作用在角膜表面时,瞬态压强值与空间分布的气体载荷函数曲线;建立考虑角膜、巩膜、眼内容物(流体腔)及整眼运动的眼球有限元模型,计算在气流冲击作用时角膜顶点的位移幅值曲线,并与CorVis ST测量结果对比;采用逆解方法计算了4例患者左右眼角膜整体的有效弹性模量,平均值约为0.68MPa,与离体单轴拉伸实验结果接近,表明本文提出的基于CorVis ST临床检测结果逆解在体角膜弹性性能的方法是可行的.

Refractive surgery is one of the important methods for refractive error correction, which include corneal refractive surgery and intraocular refractive surgery.In recent years, refractive surgery has a rapid development, and there is still development space and potential market demand.The clinical application of various new technologies has brought the refractive surgery to a new stage.The ultimate aim of refractive surgery is to pursue safer minimally invasive approaches and more customized correction for better visual quality.The new approaches including the guidance of corneal topography and wavefront aberration, the Q-value adjustment, Kappa angle adjustment, and customized corneal cross-linking during the surgery have been developed.The integration of various surgical approaches and research is also a new development direction.The combination with intelligent operation to improve the efficiency and accuracy of treatment seems to be one new direction, too.Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the current development and the possible future directions and trends of refractive surgery in China.

随着自适应光学在眼科的应用以及对视觉光学认识的深入,视觉矫正已不再局限于屈光度(低阶像差),更多反应细节的高阶像差可被新技术与设备检测并矫正,视网膜光学成像质量也得到很大程度提升.然而以往有关人眼屈光状态及像差的研究多是在以瞳孔轴(视轴)为中心进行光学分析,仅反映黄斑区视网膜的成像质量.如从零视场(人眼光轴)向更大视场角扩展,周边光学质量如何尚不清楚,这也成为眼视光研究的一个热点话题.大视场像差作为中心像差的有效补充,可反映视网膜的整体成像质量,接近人眼正常视物的生理状态,在暗光下瞳孔自然散大时更是如此.本文综合阐述了大视场像差的特点及其在视觉发育与视觉矫正中的特点,为进一步对人眼大视场像差及其视觉作用机制研究提供基础.

智能生物传感器是全球柔性电子科学的前沿和研究热点,以集成硅基微电路芯片为生物传感器的研发核心,因在医疗和临床环境中可以实现稳定而持续的数据采集、处理和无线传输,从而参与多种器官和组织疾病的监测、诊断、治疗以及随访等而具有特定优势及潜在应用价值.本文针对眼科领域的相关研究、设计用于眼科疾病的智能生物传感器的种类,包括构成材料、结构布局、组装方法,电源和数据处理等诸方面予以综述,尤其对智能生物传感器在眼科疾病监测、诊断及治疗之中的潜在应用前景进行综述.

Objective:To measure the effective optical zone (EOZ) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) by using corneal topographic map and modulation transfer function (MTF), and to analyze the related factors affecting the EOZ.Methods:A retrospective observational case series study was performed.Sixty-two myopic patients (62 eyes) who underwent SMILE between December 2015 and July 2017 in Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital were enrolled.The EOZ was measured by using tangential corneal curvature topographic map and MTF pre- and 6-month post-operatively.The repeatability of data was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach Alpha coefficients; the agreement of data was identified by using Bland-Altman plot; the correlations between EOZ and surgical parameters were analyzed by utilizing Pearson correlation coefficient.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital(No.2015[013]). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery.Results:The ICC and Cronbach Alpha coefficients of EOZ measured by corneal topographic map were greater than 0.9, which showed high intraobserver repeatability.The Bland-Altman plots displayed relatively good agreement between the two methods.The 95% limits of agreement was -0.49 to 0.89 μm.Six months after SMILE, the EOZ measured by tangential corneal curvature gradient topographic map was (5.32±0.25)mm, which was (1.18±0.25)mm smaller than predicted optical zone, and the EOZ measured by MTF method was (5.07±0.32)mm, which was (0.20±0.35)mm smaller than corneal tomographic EOZ, and the difference was significant ( t=-4.487, P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between the EOZ and attempted refractive correction ( r=-0.364, P=0.004). The positive correlations were found between the EOZ and ΔKm or ΔQ 6 months after SMILE ( r=0.367, 0.514; both at P<0.01). Conclusions:The EOZ measured by tangential corneal curvature topographic map after SMILE is of high repeatability and is consistent with the result calculated by MTF method.The EOZ is significantly reduced after SMILE.

目的分析年龄、眼压及屈光状态与学龄期儿童角膜生物力学特性的关系。方法采用横断面研究设计。随机选取2019年9月就读于天津市和平区某小学的儿童202人（359眼）行眼科健康筛查,年龄7～12（9.96±1.42）岁,使用电脑验光仪采集计算受试者球镜度、柱镜度,可视化角膜生物力学分析仪Corvis ST采集其中央角膜厚度（CCT）及角膜生物力学参数。

Corneal refractive surgery, one of the most important treatments for refractive error, has been confirmed by numerous studies for its high safety, efficacy and stability. However, in the clinic, there were a few patients who were complaining about symptoms of visual fatigue, such as blurred near vision and eye strain for near work. These symptoms usually last for a short time and have a relatively low incidence rate but still have an effect on patient satisfaction after refractive surgery. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism for visual fatigue is complicated and variable. This review summarizes the research status, potential reasons and appropriate therapy for visual fatigue after refractive surgery.

近期研究发现角膜生物力学性能与部分角膜疾病的发生发展及诊疗、与角膜手术的效果等密切相关，其涉及许多专业概念。本文对角膜生物力学的基本概念、特性、测量方法、影响因素、在常见眼病诊疗中的应用及其干预性治疗进行简要概述，旨在促进眼科医师对角膜生物力学的理解和掌握，以提高临床诊疗水平。 （中华眼科杂志，2021，57：156-160）

Objective: To explore the rule of corneal biomechanical alteration with residual stromal thickness (RST) and percent tissue altered (PTA) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to determine the factors influencing postoperative corneal biomechanical properties. Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 184 patients (184 right eyes) who underwent SMILE in Tianjin Eye Hospital Refractive Surgery Center from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled. There were 83 males and 101 females with age of (24.6±5.8) years. Corneal biomechanical parameters, including DA ratio, stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SPA1) and integrated radius (IR), were measured with Corvis ST preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. The association between PTA, RST and the changes of DA ratio, SPA1 and IR was assessed by linear and nonlinear regression analyses. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were conducted to explore the factors associated with postoperative corneal biomechanical parameters with age, sex, anterior mean keratometry, spherical equivalent, postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) and preoperative corneal biomechanical parameters as covariates. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared using the paired t test. Correlations were determined by the Pearson or Spearman analysis. Results: The alterations at 3 months postoperatively of DA ratio, SPA1 and IR were 1.33 (30.0%), 28.05 (26.0%) and 2.56 (34.0%), respectively. The changes before and after surgery were statistically significant (t=35.52, -28.00, 36.95, P<0.01). The best-fit curve showed that the changes of DA ratio, SPA1 and IR increased with the decrease of RST or increase of PTA. When the RST was<280 μm or the PTA was>28%, the slope of the change of DA ratio curve was significantly increased. Multivariate regression models showed that the factors with the greatest influence on postoperative DA ratio, SPA1 and IR were preoperative DA ratio (Sβ=0.489, P<0.01), preoperative SPA1 (Sβ=0.483, P<0.01) and preoperative IR (Sβ=0.471, P<0.01), respectively. The CCT was the second factor that influenced postoperative DA ratio and SPA1 (Sβ=-0.238, P<0.01; Sβ=0.326, P<0.01). Conclusions: The changes of DA ratio, SPA1 and IR following SMILE increased with the decrease of RST or increase of PTA. With the RST<280 μm or the PTA>28%, the alteration of DA ratio significantly accelerated. Preoperative corneal biomechanical properties and postoperative CCT were main factors influencing corneal biomechanical properties after SMILE. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 104-112).

目的 探讨近视患者角膜在体与离体生物力学参数的关系.方法 对拟行飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)的近视患者术前利用Corvis ST角膜生物力学分析仪行在体角膜生物力学参数测量,术后将术中获取的角膜基质透镜进行单轴拉伸试验来获取其离体生物力学参数.采用Pearson相关分析法探讨近视患者角膜在体与离体生物力学参数的关系.结果 近视患者离体角膜基质在应力为0.02 MPa时,对应的弹性模量为(1.26±0.71)MPa.相关性分析结果表明,弹性模量与Corvis ST角膜生物力学分析仪测量得到的17个在体动态角膜反应参数中的14个参数均显著相关;回归分析得到的回归方程为:弹性模量=-49.470+9.188A1Time+9.946A1Velocity-0.195DefAMax(ms)+0.077SP-HC[A1Time:第1次压平时间,A1 Velocity:第1次压平速度,DefAMax:最大的偏离幅度(ms),SP-HC:最大凹陷时角膜硬度参数],回归模型具有统计学意义(F=883.948,P=0.000).结论 近视患者角膜基质弹性模量可以通过在体角膜生物力学参数测量结果初步推算.