The imbalance of immune factor secretion plays a critical role in the dysregulation of immune homeostasis, contributing to chronic inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration. Nanofiber microstructures have emerged as promising biomaterials in tissue regeneration due to their ability to modulate immune cell behavior. However, the mechanisms by which nanofiber microstructures regulate immune factor secretion remain poorly understood. In this study, we fabricated three types of nanofibers with varying degrees of alignment microstructures and investigated their effects on immune factor secretion of immune cells. In vitro analyses revealed that highly aligned nanofibers significantly enhanced the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors such as TGF-β1 and IL-10, while suppressing pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α and IL-6. These effects were mediated through the modulation of immune cell adhesion receptors and mechanotransduction pathways. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that highly aligned nanofibers optimized the immune microenvironment at wound sites, promoting angiogenesis and accelerating tissue regeneration. This study introduces an alternative perspective on biomaterial-based immune regulation, highlighting the critical role of nanofiber microstructures in directing immune cell functions. These findings provide a foundation for the rational design of biomaterials with tailored microstructures to achieve precise immune modulation, offering strategies for enhancing wound healing and advancing regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Dysregulated immune factor secretion is a major contributor to chronic inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration. Current strategies that rely on exogenous cytokines are constrained by short half-lives and uncontrollable release kinetics. Given that immune cells are the primary source of these factors, direct modulation of their local secretory profiles offers a more stable and sustained alternative. Here, we introduce a nanofiber microstructure-based approach to program immune cell secretory behavior. We demonstrate, for the first time, that highly aligned nanofibers remodel the immune secretome via the integrin α10β1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby reestablishing a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment and enhancing tissue repair. This study establishes a new paradigm in which biomaterials precisely reprogram immune secretory function, laying the foundation for programmable immunoregulatory materials with strong translational potential.

Immune factors secreted by immune cells play a pivotal role in orchestrating inflammatory responses and facilitating tissue regeneration. Fiber dressings, owing to their extracellular matrix-like architecture and tunable physical properties, have emerged as promising candidates in regenerative medicine. Beyond serving as passive structural supports, fibers are increasingly recognized as active modulators of cell behavior through their inherent physical characteristics. However, how fiber diameter at the micro- and nanoscale influences the immune factor secretion profile of immune cells remains poorly defined. In this study, three types of fibers with distinct diameter scales were fabricated to systematically assess their immunomodulatory effects. In vitro analyses revealed that microscale fibers markedly enhanced the secretion of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors, such as VEGF, EGF, IL-10 and TGF-β1, while suppressing pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α and IL-6. Mechanistic investigations indicated that this size-dependent immunomodulation may be driven by activation of the FAK-Wnt signaling pathway triggered by topographical cues. In vivo, microscale fibers significantly promoted neovascularization, attenuated inflammatory responses and accelerated tissue repair, further corroborating their immunoregulatory potential in a physiological setting. These findings establish fiber diameter as a critical physical cue for shaping the immune microenvironment and present a new strategy for immunoregulation through structural design. This work provides a conceptual framework for the development of biomaterials with intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and offers new therapeutic insights for the treatment of chronic inflammation-associated disorders.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of retaining the vessels around the orbicularis oculi muscle on reducing local swelling after blepharoplasty.MethodsA total of 309 patients undergoing blepharoplasty (total incision) were observed and randomly assigned to three groups; (A) conventional operation; (B) preservation of deep vessels; (C) preservation of anterior vessels of orbicularis oculi muscle. The groups were compared based on intraoperative blood loss, operation time, swelling, satisfaction, and complications.ResultsAmong the 309 patients, 39 were lost to follow-up. c Additionally, A had the shortest operation time, followed by C with slightly longer duration. On the 7th day, 15th day, and 1 month after surgery, both B and C demonstrated significantly lower levels of swelling compared to A. Moreover, patient satisfaction was higher in B and C than in A.ConclusionRetaining either superficial or deep veins of the orbicularis oculi muscle can effectively reduce short-term postoperative swelling. However, when retaining the superficial central group of this muscle during surgery, it is crucial to strictly control the amount of surrounding tissue around vessels.

In order to ensure the prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, rapid and accurate detection of pathogens and their resistance phenotypes is a must. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fast and precise nucleic acid detection platform for identifying S. aureus and MRSA. We initially constructed a CRISPR-Cas12a detection system by designing single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) specifically targeting the thermonuclease (nuc) and mecA genes. To increase the sensitivity of the CRISPR-Cas12a system, we incorporated PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Subsequently, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of the three amplification methods paired with the CRISPR-Cas12a system. Finally, the clinical performance of the methods was tested by analyzing the fluorescence readout of 111 clinical isolates. In order to visualize the results, lateral-flow test strip technology, which enables point-of-care testing, was also utilized. After comparing the sensitivity and specificity of three different methods, we determined that the nuc-LAMP-Cas12a and mecA-LAMP-Cas12a methods were the optimal detection methods. The nuc-LAMP-Cas12a platform showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 aM (similar to 6 copies mu L-1), while the mecA-LAMP-Cas12a platform demonstrated a LOD of 1 aM (similar to 1 copy mu L-1). The LOD of both platforms reached 4 x 10(3) fg/mu L of genomic DNA. Critical evaluation of their efficiencies on 111 clinical bacterial isolates showed that they were 100% specific and 100% sensitive with both the fluorescence readout and the lateral-flow readout. Total detection time for the present assay was approximately 80 min (based on fluorescence readout) or 85 min (based on strip readout). These results indicated that the nuc-LAMP-Cas12a and mecA-LAMP-Cas12a platforms are promising tools for the rapid and accurate identification of S. aureus and MRSA. IMPORTANCE The spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a major threat to global health. Isothermal amplification combined with the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a has been exploited to generate diagnostic platforms for pathogen detection. Here, we describe the design and clinical evaluation of two highly sensitive and specific platforms, nuc-LAMP-Cas12a and mecA-LAMP-Cas12a, for the detection of S. aureus and MRSA in 111 clinical bacterial isolates. With a limit of detection (LOD) of 4 x 10(3) fg/mu L of genomic DNA and a turnaround time of 80 to 85 min, the present assay was 100% specific and 100% sensitive using either fluorescence or the lateral-flow readout. The present assay promises clinical application for rapid and accurate identification of S. aureus and MRSA in limited-resource settings or at the point of care. Beyond S. aureus and MRSA, similar CRISPR diagnostic platforms will find widespread use in the detection of various infectious diseases, malignancies, pharmacogenetics, food contamination, and gene mutations.

Purpose: Due to poor prognosis and immunotherapy failure of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), this study sought to find necroptosis-related biomarkers to predict prognosis and improve the situation with predicted immunotherapy drugs. Experimental Design: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression Program (GTEx) database were utilized to recognize the differential necroptosis-related genes (NRGs). Univariate Cox (uni-Cox) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis were utilized for prognostic signature establishment. The signature was verified in the internal cohort. To assess the signature's prediction performance, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analyses, multivariate Cox (multi-Cox) regression, nomogram, and calibration curves were performed. The molecular and immunological aspects were also reviewed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Cluster analysis was performed to identify the different types of SKCM. Finally, the expression of the signature gene was verified by immunohistochemical staining. Results: On basis of the 67 NRGs, 4 necroptosis-related genes (FASLG, PLK1, EGFR, and TNFRSF21) were constructed to predict SKCM prognosis. The area's 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS under the AUC curve was 0.673, 0.649, and 0.677, respectively. High-risk individuals had significantly lower overall survival (OS) compared to low-risk patients. Immunological status and tumor cell infiltration in high-risk groups were significantly lower, indicating an immune system that was suppressed. In addition, hot and cold tumors could be obtained by cluster analysis, which is helpful for accurate treatment. Cluster 1 was considered a hot tumor and more susceptible to immunotherapy. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with positive and negative regulation of coefficients in signature. Conclusion: The results of this finding supported that NRGs could predict prognosis and help make a distinction between the cold and hot tumors for improving personalized therapy for SKCM.

BackgroundSPRY1 is associated with the invasiveness and prognosis of various tumors, and TET3 affects aging by regulating gene expression.AimsWe investigated the roles of SPRY1 and TET3 in natural skin aging, replicative aging, and photoaging, along with the effect of UVA on genome-wide DNA methylation in HaCaT cells.MethodsTET3 and SPRY1 expression were measured in the skin of patients of different age groups, as well as in vitro human skin, HaCaT cell replicative senescence, and HaCaT and HaCaT-siTET3 cell photoaging models. Senescence was verified using beta-galactosidase staining, and DNA damage was detected using immunofluorescence staining for gamma-H2A.X. 5-Methyl cytosine (5-mC) content in the genome was determined using ELISA.ResultsSPRY1 expression increased with age, whereas TET3 expression decreased. Similarly, SPRY1 was upregulated and TET3 was downregulated with increasing cell passages. TET3-siRNA upregulated SPRY1 expression in HaCaT cells. UVA irradiation promoted HaCaT cell senescence and induced cellular DNA damage. SPRY1 was upregulated and TET3 was downregulated upon UVA irradiation. Genome-wide 5-mC content increased upon TET3 silencing and UVA irradiation, indicating a surge in overall methylation.ConclusionsSPRY1 and TET3 are natural skin aging-related genes that counteract to regulate replicative aging and UVA-induced photoaging in HaCaT cells. The cell photoaging model may limit experimental bias caused by different exposure times of skin model samples.

Objective:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to perform multi-plane quantitative analysis of temporal soft tissue thickness, and the measurement data set of temporal soft tissue thickness was initially established to provide clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of temporal rejuvenation.Methods:High definition images of Han population in Southwest China who underwent head MRI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2016 to December 2021 were randomly collected in this study. A total of 12 measuring points were set, which were evenly distributed in the upper, middle, lower, anterior and posterior regions of the temporal, including the thickness of the whole temporal soft tissue (NA, Na, MA, Ma, GA, Ga) and the thickness of the temporal muscle (NB, Nb, MB, Mb, GB, Gb). They were divided into different groups according to sex, age (≤30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old, 51-60 years old, >60 years old) and body mass index (BMI < 21 kg/m 2, 21-26 kg/m 2, > 26 kg/m 2). The differences of temporal soft tissue thickness under different gender, age and BMI were compared. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of normal distribution measurement data between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups. Results:(1) A total of 278 patients were included, including 140 males and 138 females, ranging in age from 12 to 82 years, with an average age of 44.5 years, and BMI of 18.4 to 33.4 kg/m 2. According to age group: ≤30 years old, 56 cases; 31-40 years old, 64 cases; 41-50 years old, 56 cases; 51- 60 years old, 56 cases; >60 years old, 46 cases. According to BMI, males (< 21 kg/m 2, 38 cases; 21-26 kg/m 2, 56 cases; > 26 kg/m 2, 46 cases) and females(< 21 kg/m 2, 48 cases; 21-26 kg/m 2, 50 cases; >26 kg/m 2, 40 cases) were grouped. (2) Male temporal soft tissue was thicker than female, especially temporalis muscle, and the difference in 6 temporal muscle thickness measurements were statistically significant ( P<0.05). (3) In general, the temporalis muscle in males at 31-40 years old and in females at ≤30 years old tend to be thicker than that in other age groups. In both sexes, the temporalis muscle became thinner with age after reaching the peak. (4) The whole layer of soft tissue in the temporal region thickened with the increase of BMI in both sexes, and the whole layer of soft tissue in the lower temporal region was thicker than that in the middle and upper temporal region. Conclusion:Temporal soft tissue thickness is associated with gender, age and BMI. The temporal muscle thickness of both sexes was gradually thinning with age, while the whole temporal soft tissue was thickening with the increase of BMI.

下睑老化最主要的特征表现为睑袋的形成,因而睑袋的诊疗在亚洲人群的面部年轻化问题中也占据重要地位.睑袋形成的原因与遗传因素相关,也与年龄增长、生活方式及疾病等因素相关.针对睑袋的手术方式常常是根据其表现类型来制定的,且手术方式也在不断创新.近年来,人们对于自身眼部美观及健康的重视度越来越高,眼部整形手术的需求量也明显上升.为了让读者对睑袋解剖、分类及表现等有所了解的基础上,对目前针对睑袋相关的诊断及治疗的新研究有较系统、直接的认识,现就睑袋的解剖、形成机制、诊断依据、治疗方法作一综述.

Female urethral stricture is currently a challenging situation. In general, urethra dilatation can be selected for treatment, but the complications and high recurrence rate urge doctors to consider other treatments. Recently, dorsal oral mucosa graft urethroplasty is concerned by more and more surgeons, but there are not enough reports so far. A comprehensive search of dorsal oral mucosa graft urethroplasty was performed. According to the existing literature, there are applications of buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa, and compared with other kinds of grafts, the success rate is higher. However, there is a lack of multicenter, large sample and long follow-up studies. And there is still no enough comparative study between different types of oral mucosa. In summary, dorsal oral mucosa graft urethroplasty is an effective option for the management of female urethral stricture. More multicenter and large sample studies with long-term follow-up data are needed.

Objective The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the percutaneous delivery of compound lidocaine cream by roller microneedles can shorten the minimal effective onset time of anesthesia, enhance the intensity of anesthesia and prolong the analgesic time, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring a comfortable, safe and effective anesthesia method for photoelectric cosmetic surgery. Methods A total of 90 healthy volunteers, including 18 male and 72 female, met the criteria and were enrolled in the study from December 2020 to September 2021 in Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. This study adopted a two-factor randomized block design of 3 (anesthesia time on the test side: 30, 45, 60 min) x 2 (the test side: the left and right side), and the subjects were divided into group A (n = 30), group B (n = 30), and group C (n = 30). On the test side, the compound lidocaine cream was used for topic anesthesia for 10 min, then the roller microneedle was used to roll on the treatment area, compound lidocaine cream was appropriately supplemented, and the topic anesthesia was kept continued for 20 min (group A), 35 min (group B), and 50 min (group C), respectively. The mirrorsymmetrical area of the test side of the three groups was the control side, and the compound lidocaine cream was used for topic anesthesia for 60 min. Photoelectric therapy was performed after anesthesia was completed. The analgesic effect of the subjects on both sides was comprehensively compared; the scores were obtained using the Kuttner Facial Expression Scale, the Frankl Treatment Compliance Scale, the Houpt Behavior Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the satisfaction with anesthesia was investigated. Before and after treatment the skin temperature, color and adverse reactions of the subjects were recorded. Results Comparing both sides of the same group, there was no significant difference in terms of the comprehensive evaluation, intraoperative comfort, tolerance, cooperation, pain or satisfaction between the 30-min test side and the routine anesthesia side in group A; the comprehensive evaluation, intraoperative tolerance, cooperation degree, pain degree and satisfaction evaluation of the subjects on the 45-min test side in group B were significantly better than those on the control side; the comprehensive evaluation, intraoperative comfort, tolerance, cooperation, pain and satisfaction of the subjects on the 60-min test side in group C were significantly better than those on the control side. Comparing groups on the control side, there was no significant difference in the comprehensive evaluation, intraoperative comfort, tolerance, cooperation, pain or satisfaction between the three groups of subjects on the control side. Comparing the three groups on the test side, with the prolongation of compound lidocaine cream indwelling time, the subjects' comprehensive evaluation, comfort and pain degree were significantly improved. There was no significant difference in postoperative bruising, swelling, pain, discoloration, redness, or tenderness between the test side and the control side. Conclusion The percutaneous delivery of compound lidocaine cream by roller microneedles can not only shorten the effective time of anesthesia, but also has a good analgesic effect without obvious adverse reactions.

Abstract With the sudden emergence of new medical aesthetic fillers, the number of fillers injected worldwide has exploded, but there are also worrying risks in the pursuit of beauty. At present, many cases of blindness caused by injection of aesthetic fillers have been reported. Most of the cases are caused by irreversible vascular embolism. This is a rare yet greatly feared complication of using facial cosmetic fillers. This article reviewed and analyzed the literature and summarized the changes in the anatomical structure of facial blood vessels related to blindness during facial injection.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of bio-intensity electric field on directional migration and microtubule acetylation in human epidermal cell line HaCaT, aiming to provide molecular theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of wound repair.Methods:The experimental research methods were used. HaCaT cells were collected and divided into simulated electric field group ( n=54) placed in the electric field device without electricity for 3 h and electric field treatment group ( n=52) treated with 200 mV/mm electric field for 3 h (the same treatment methods below). The cell movement direction was observed in the living cell workstation and the movement velocity, trajectory velocity, and direction of cosθ of cell movement within 3 h of treatment were calculated. HaCaT cells were divided into simulated electric field group and electric field treatment 1 h group, electric field treatment 2 h group, and electric field treatment 3 h group which were treated with 200 mV/mm electric field for corresponding time. HaCaT cells were divided into simulated electric field group and 100 mV/mm electric field group, 200 mV/mm electric field group, and 300 mV/mm electric field group treated with electric field of corresponding intensities for 3 h. The protein expression of acetylated α-tubulin was detected by Western blotting ( n=3). HaCaT cells were divided into simulated electric field group and electric field treatment group, and the protein expression of acetylated α-tubulin was detected and located by immunofluorescence method ( n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H test,Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference test, and independent sample t test. Results:Within 3 h of treatment, compared with that in simulated electric field group, the cells in electric field treatment group had obvious tendency to move directionally, the movement velocity and trajectory velocity were increased significantly (with Z values of -8.53 and -2.05, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the directionality was significantly enhanced ( Z=-8.65, P<0.01). Compared with (0.80±0.14) in simulated electric field group, the protein expressions of acetylated α-tubulin in electric field treatment 1 h group (1.50±0.08) and electric field treatment 2 h group (1.89±0.06) were not changed obviously ( P>0.05), while the protein expression of acetylated α-tubulin of cells in electric field treatment 3 h group (3.37±0.36) was increased significantly ( Z=-3.06, P<0.05). After treatment for 3 h, the protein expressions of acetylated α-tubulin of cells in 100 mV/mm electric field group, 200 mV/mm electric field group, and 300 mV/mm electric field group were 1.63±0.05, 2.24±0.08, and 2.00±0.13, respectively, which were significantly more than 0.95±0.27 in simulated electric field group ( P<0.01). Compared with that in 100 mV/mm electric field group, the protein expressions of acetylated α-tubulin in 200 mV/mm electric field group and 300 mV/mm electric field group were increased significantly ( P<0.01); the protein expression of acetylated α-tubulin of cells in 300 mV/mm electric field group was significantly lower than that in 200 mV/mm electric field group ( P<0.05). After treatment for 3 h, compared with that in simulated electric field group, the acetylated α-tubulin of cells had enhanced directional distribution and higher protein expression ( t=5.78, P<0.01). Conclusions:Bio-intensity electric field can induce the directional migration of HaCaT cells and obviously up-regulate the level of α-ubulin acetylation after treatment at 200 mV/mm bio-intensity electric field for 3 h.

目的 探究川渝地区汉族成年人颞区各层软组织厚度随性别、年龄变化的规律,为颞区凹陷及颞区年轻化的治疗提供参考依据.方法 收集我院影像科头颅MRI资料600例(男、女各300例),测量不同横断面颞区各点软组织厚度,比较颞区软组织厚度随性别及年龄变化的差异.结果 青年组:女性在三个横断面颞区全层软组织厚度、颞肌外组织厚度均大于男性(P<0.05);中年组:女性下颞区颞肌外组织厚度大于男性,颞肌厚度小于男性(P<0.05),男性上颞区全层软组织厚度及颞肌厚度大于女性(P<0.001);老年组:女性中下颞区颞肌外组织厚度大于男性(P<0.001),男性在三个横断面颞肌厚度大于女性(P<0.05).男性中年组颞肌外组织厚度及颞肌厚度与青年组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),女性中年组下颞区颞肌外软组织厚度与老年组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),其余各年龄段川渝地区汉族成年人颞区各测量软组织厚度均随着年龄增加均变薄,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 川渝地区汉族成人中,男性及女性颞区软组织厚度均随年龄增加而逐渐变薄.男性颞区软组织变薄以中上颞区为主,女性整个颞区均变薄,程度较男性更大.

The combination of epicanthoplasty and blepharoplasty is a popular choice in Asians to acquire a pair of charming big eyes. However, the obvious scarring in the medial canthal area may result in unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes. Recently, various laser treatments have been used to deal with scars had achieved detectable improvement, but only a few studies investigating the efficacy of lasers used in post-epicanthoplasty scarring were developed. A total of 70 participants who underwent Z-epicanthoplasty were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial and were randomly assigned to the groups of 1540nm non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) combined with silicones treatment and silicones alone treatment. The NAFL-exposure in the treated group was additionally applied to the medial canthal area on day 21 postoperatively, compared with the participants in the control group who had only been treated with the daily usage of silicone sheets for 12 hours and silicone gels twice for 5 months after scab had fallen from the skin. Scar evolution was performed by patient and observer scar assessment Scales (POSAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for 21 days, and 6 months postoperatively. 64 participants have completed the entire follow-up process. The scar recovery was statistically detected in treated group compared with the control group at 6-month postoperatively assessed by POSAS, especially in pliability of scars. Furthermore, the VAS evaluations showed superior satisfaction in treated group. The early treatment of NAFL combined with silicones has improved scar formation in medial canthal region after epicantholplasties efficiently.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

放射性皮肤损伤是放疗最常见的并发症,中重度放射性皮肤损伤不加以防治将发展为难愈性创面.软聚硅酮泡沫敷料利用硅酮材料特性及湿润愈合理论,调节创面微环境过度表达的TNF-α、TGF-β,促进角质形成细胞分泌VEGF、加快毛细血管新生、调节巨噬细胞功能,进而促进创面愈合.

OBJECTIVE:Double blepharoplasty or double eyelid surgery is a common plastic surgery in Asians. Our study aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgical technique relative to other commonly used approaches.METHOD:The study compared 852 single eyelid patients electing 1 of 3 double eyelid surgical options; minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel, minimally invasive 3-point embedding, or incision double eyelid surgery. Evaluation criteria included postoperative swelling, hyperemia, pain, scarring, single eyelid recurrence, and patient satisfaction after 2 years.RESULTS:All surgical methods effectively achieved double eyelids. Directly after the procedure, the minimally invasive 3-point embedding method produced the mildest degree of swelling and congestion, followed by the 3-point subcutaneous tunnel method and then the incision method (F = 523.908, P = 0.000). The incision method also resulted in more serious postoperative pain, whereas the other 2 methods were equivalent (F = 83.117, P = 0.000). Patients in the incision group had the most severe scars compared with the other 2 groups with milder scarring (F = 882.102, P = 0.000). The minimally invasive 3-point embedding method group had the highest single eyelid recurrence rate (5.88%), whereas the recurrence rates for the other 2 methods were less than 1%. Patients satisfaction after 2 years was highest in the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunneling method, followed by the 3-point embedding method and lastly the incision method (F = 25.931, P = 0.00).CONCLUSIONS:Minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgery has advantages over other techniques, and its clinical application is worth promoting for suitable patients.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of periorbital aging in healthy Han women in outpatient department of a first-class hospital in Chongqing, and to provide reference evidence-based eye rejuvenation treatments for Han women in the area.Methods:Cross-sectional study method was used to collect clear frontal photos of healthy Han women in Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March to July 2021. Photos were stratified by age (20-29 years old, 30-39 years old, 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, ≥60 years old) and numbered, then the same number of photos were randomly selected for each age group. The pupil was defined as the point O of the coordinate axis, the connecting line between the pupils on both sides was the x-axis, and the vertical line passing through the pupil was the y-axis. The coordinate position of the inner canthal point (A), lower tear point (B), intersection point of y-axis and lower eyelid margin (C), lowest point of lower eyelid margin (D), lateral canthal point (E), highest point of upper eyelid margin (F), intersection point of the y-axis and the upper eyelid margin(G) were measured and recorded. SPSS 25.0 software was used for analysis. Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. One-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison of various indicators among different age groups. LSD test was used for paired comparison between groups.Results:A total of 500 healthy Han women in Chongqing area were included, each age group had 100 cases. Measurement results showed that A(x) increased and A(y) decreased gradually with aging, among different age groups there were statistically significant ( F=37.70, 7.97, all P<0.001), indicating that internal canthus gradually moved away from the pupil, closer to the nose and downward as people age. B(x) decreased and B(y) increased gradually with aging, among different age groups there were statistically significant ( F=44.72, 39.93, all P<0.001), indicating that the lower lacrimal point moved to the pupil, the nose and upward with aging. C(y) increased and G(y) decreased gradually with aging, among different age groups there were statistically significant ( F=230.29, 143.98, all P<0.001), which showed that the upper and lower eyelids moved closer to the pupil with aging, resulting in narrow eye fissure. D(x) and D(y) increased gradually with aging, and the differences were statistically significant among different age groups ( F=148.24, 259.24, all P<0.001). F(x) increased and F(y) decreased gradually with aging, and the difference were statistically significant among groups ( F=258.03, 152.95, all P<0.001). It indicated that the highest point of the upper eyelid margin and the lowest point of the lower eyelid margin moved towards the pupil with aging. E(x) increased and E(y) decreased gradually with aging, among different age groups there were statistically significant ( F=21.11, 21.46, all P<0.001), which indicated that the lateral canthus moved downward, closer to the nasal side with aging. The distance of inner canthus and outer canthus (AE) had no relationship with age, as there was no significant difference between groups ( F=0.99, P=0.415). The paired comparison between groups showed that the differences in all indicators between the 20-29 years old group and the ≥60 years old group were statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the differences in some indicators in some adjacent age groups had no statistical significance, but had little effect on the overall variation. Conclusions:The periorbital morphological characteristics of healthy Han women in outpatient department of a first-class hospital in Chongqing present regular changes during the aging process. The main manifestations are eyeball exposure reduction, inner canthus retreat, inner and lateral canthus ptosis, and the contour of the eye shape gradually changes from roundness to slender appearance.

With the sudden emergence of new medical aesthetic fillers, the number of fillers injected worldwide has exploded, but there are also worrying risks in the pursuit of beauty. At present, many cases of blindness caused by injection of aesthetic fillers have been reported. Most of the cases are caused by irreversible vascular embolism. This is a rare yet greatly feared complication of using facial cosmetic fillers. This article reviewed and analyzed the literature and summarized the changes in the anatomical structure of facial blood vessels related to blindness during facial injection.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery, and to provide reference data for the management of affected patients. Method We retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in our department from January 2014 to December 2020. The case data included baseline characteristics, morbidity, chronology of patient symptoms, diagnostic results, and treatment outcomes. Disease characteristics were summarized and objectively analyzed. Results The 12 patients infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria after plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery received small incision or minimally invasive surgery. The onset time was 5-30 days after surgery, the clinical manifestations were non-specific, and ordinary antibiotics are ineffective. Conclusions Small incisions or minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery have hidden dangers of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and the detection and diagnosis are difficult, and the treatment time is long, which requires attention.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze aging-related regional changes in the lower eyelid tissue structure of Han Chinese women as data reference and theoretical basis for rejuvenation treatment of lower eyelids. METHODS:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of healthy Han Chinese women with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 were collected and stratified by age. MRI of the mid-sagittal plane of the eyeball was analyzed. The orbital margin was marked as the coordinate O point while the surface of the zygomatic bone was marked as the coordinate y-axis. The vertical line between the O point and y-axis was marked as the x-axis. The position of each point of the orbicularis oculi muscle contour and the subcutaneous fat tissue contour on the coordinate axis was measured. The thickness and contour morphology of the subcutaneous fat and orbicularis oculi muscle at different positions were calculated according to the coordinate position of each point. Age-related changes in the structure, contour, and position of the subcutaneous tissue in the lower eyelid area were analyzed. RESULTS:With aging, the thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle decreased while its width increased. Notably, the radian of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the tarsal portion protruding to the skin increased. The subcutaneous fat of the orbital margin thinned while the subcutaneous fat below the orbital margin thickened with age. CONCLUSION:The subcutaneous tissue structure of the lower eyelid region in Han Chinese women showed regular changes during aging, chiefly characterized by the widening and thinning of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the gradual shifting of the subcutaneous fat to the middle and lower regions.