考试作为教学质量评价的基本形式,在教学考核中占有不可替代的地位.文章针对大气污染控制工程课程的特点,从题库软件选择、考核题型和内容设计、工程教育理念践行、题库内涵提升等方面展开论述.建设的大气污染控制工程试题库具备章节训练与课程考核的双重功能,且初步接轨环境专业执业资格考试.该试题库运用于环境工程专业2017级学生的课程教学中,取得了满意的考核效果,对提升课程教学质量具有较大的推动作用.

针对目前日益严重的多溴联苯醚污染问题,研究脱色希瓦氏菌S12在厌氧条件下对十溴联苯醚的利用及其降解特性.通过测定OD600值和电子显微镜观察分析S12菌的生长情况,并采用GC-MS分析十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)及其代谢产物的含量和组成.结果表明,在二甲基亚砜助溶条件下脱色希瓦氏菌S12能以BDE-209为厌氧呼吸的电子受体获得生长,且培养75d后,初始浓度为50mg·L-1的BDE-209降解率达81.07％,其降解产物主要为九溴代和八溴代产物.本研究为多溴联苯醚的污染生物修复提供了参考数据和指导作用.

本文介绍折流杆换热器的结构和原理,并通过对折流杆换热器的热力计算和流体力学计算,对比传统管壳式换热器折流板换热器的优缺点,讨论了折流杆换热的优缺点.折流杆换热有效降低了换热器的阻力;有利于压缩机降低排气压力,节约了能耗,有阻于提高CO2回收液化系统的经济性,折流杆换热器在CO2液化系统中有比较大的应用前景.

Schwertmannite has recently attracted increasing attention due to its important geochemical role influencing the fate of toxic elements in acidic waterbodies, as well as its material properties for adsorbing or catalytic degrading environmental pollutants. However, the existing methods are either time-consuming (>30 d) or the obtained products possess small special surface areas (4−14 m2/g). The properties of products synthesized even by the same method are often different due to deviation of mineral forming conditions. In this study, a new method was developed by providing electrochemical energy to promote schwertmannite formation in electrochemical system. The method designed was focused on relatively precise control in pH and the oxidation rate of Fe2+, that is, pH buffering and multi-potential cycling redox for controlling Fe2+ oxidation rate. Adding CH3COOH to FeSO4 electrolyte reduced the pH drop and produced a more homogeneous schwertmannite mineral phase. Precipitative efficiency of 27.0 % for total Fe and 5.4 % for SO42− were obtained under multi-potential step (MPS) mode in 35 °C electrolyte. A sea urchin-like morphology schwertmnanite mineral with relatively bigger Fe/S ratio (5.3−6.2) and higher special surface area (BET of 104−178 m2/g) was synthesized in a relatively shorter time (electrolysis 6 h + aging 24 h) by the electrodeposition method.

针对广东汕头地区农田土壤中氨苯胂酸、洛克沙胂和喹乙醇3种常用饲料添加剂污染情况进行环境风险剖析,发现样品中检测出氨苯胂酸和洛克沙胂,未检测出喹乙醇;氨苯胂酸检出率为83％,最高为59.43μg/kg,而最低为23.25μg/kg,平均含量为43.63μg/kg;洛克沙胂检出率为100％,最高为130.08μg/kg,而最低为20.33μg/kg,平均含量为54.60μg/kg.

Biochar aging is a key factor leading to the decline of biochar stability and the release of endogenous pollutants. This study investigated the effects of five artificial and simulated aging processes on the surface properties and endogenous copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) leachability of swine manure biochar and its composite with alkali-fused fly ash. Aging obviously reduced carbon (C) content on the surface of swine manure biochar and increased oxygen (O) content. Among all the aging treatments, high-temperature aging had the greatest effect on C content. Following the aging treatments, the C-C bond contents on the surfaces of swine manure biochar decreased significantly, whereas the C-O bonds increased significantly; however, there were less changes in the amounts of C-C and C-O bonds on the surfaces of modified biochar than on swine manure biochar. Aging significantly enhanced the leaching toxicity of Cu and Zn, and Zn availability and bioaccessibility in swine manure biochar and modified biochar. However, it minimized Cu availability and bioaccessibility, especially under high-temperature aging. Greater amounts of Zn than Cu were extracted from swine manure biochar and modified biochar. However, under all the aging treatments, the leaching toxicity, availability, and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in modified biochar were significantly lower than in swine manure biochar. This implies that modified biochar application poses lower environmental risks than swine manure biochar.

本实验采用离子共沉淀法,以NaBiO3和AgNO3为原料制得铋银氧化物,并利用它在紫外光的照射下的催化降解左氧氟沙星溶液,考察了左氧氟沙星浓度、催化剂的摩尔比、催化剂用量、溶液pH值等因素对光催化降解的影响.结果 表明:在左氧氟沙星浓度为60mg·L-1、催化剂的摩尔比为1∶1、催化剂用量为1.0g·L-1、溶液pH值为4时降解率最高,达到94.86％;重复使用4次后降解率为89.66％.

针对十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)难溶性和萃取方法的复杂性,通过从萃取剂和萃取条件上对BDE-209进行萃取优化.结果表明:①上清-沉淀复合法的萃取效率仅为21.8％.②烘干温度对样品的萃取效率影响不显著,在80、100和120℃条件下的萃取效率均达到95％以上,但高温条件有可能使BDE-209发生降解.③不同萃取剂和分步萃取对样品萃取效率影响显著,2次萃取比一次性萃取的萃取效率提高了13.6％～29.6％,正己烷萃取效率(100％)>乙酸乙酯萃取效率(84.87％)>异辛烷萃取效率(23.33％).④采用正己烷少量多次萃取,可短时间内最大程度回收水相样品中的BDE-209(97.82％).少量多次萃取法萃取效率高,操作简便,节省时间,适于大部分水相样品快速定量分析.

本文围绕国家"中美产教融合+高水平应用型高校建设"合作项目对环境工程类人才需求与培养目标要求,对我校本专业课程体系改革创新的实践进行七个方面的回顾与梳理.从OBE理念、学科发展与教学改革、开放办学、学校管理与政策导向等几方面提出专业课程体系未来持续改进的几点新措施.

在工程教育专业认证背景下,基于广东石油化工学院构建的双体系教育模式,结合环境工程专业毕业生调查结果,环境影响评价课程进行了一系列教学改革.本课程采用了课程教学——课程设计——毕业实习与论文三阶段的递进式教学方法;调整人才培养方案,打造项目驱动的一体化人才培养方案;优化教学内容,积极开展"课程思政".

采用自组装法,以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺、Bi(NO3)3和纯氮化碳为原料制取g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO3复合材料,考察了其在LED光照射下,不同甲基橙初始浓度、催化剂摩尔配比、催化剂用量、实验时间等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响.通过设计单因素实验以及正交实验优化降解条件.结果表明,在甲基橙初始浓度为15mg·L-1、催化剂摩尔配比为1:1、复合材料用量为2.0g·L-1、实验时间70min时,降解率最高可达到91.13％.并对该反应进行了动力学研究,结果表现为该反应满足一级反应的动力学特征,其动力学反应方程为:lnc=-0.0795t+2.595.

Tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), one of emerging organic pollutants has aroused a growing concern due to its potential biotoxicity and persistence. Oxidation degradation of using SO4*(-) based AOPs was explored. A pseudofirst order kinetics reaction with the degradation rate constant at 0.1789 min(-1) fitted the transformation of TCPP. SO4*(-) was the predominant oxidation species confirmed by scavenging assay. Five steady intermediates including C6H13Cl2O4P (m/z 251.0002), C3H8ClO4P (m/z 174.9922), C9H17Cl2O5P (m/z 307.0266), C9H17Cl2O6P (m/z 323.0217), C6H12ClO6P (m/z 247.0134) were screened by high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis. The influences of vital parameters, i.e., natural anions, pH value, humic acid (HA) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) dose were tested. HA and alkaline conditions can significantly decreased the photocatalytic rate to inhibit removal efficiency. EE/O evaluation had also proved that a neutral condition and HA pretreatment were conductive to elevating removal efficiency and reducing energy consumption. Based on proteomics andmetabolic network analysis, TCPP was effectively detoxified as its further transformation proceeded, which was proved by nucleotide metabolisms, citric acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid biosynthesis. To summarize, an appropriate degradation of TCPP likewise are effective for its detoxification, indicating the feasibility and security of TCPP elimination using UV/PMS treatment. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The professional experimental teaching demonstration center is an important practice base for the cultivation of applied talents.In this paper, the construction of experimental teaching center for majors of environmental and municipal engineering was taken as an example under the background of transformation of local university.It explores and discusses the ways to strengthen students' engineering practice ability and innovative ability, students' application innovation ability training, employment demand integration and experimental teaching quality guarantee mechanism.Through the construction of the experimental teaching center, the quality of experimental teaching will be promoted, and finally the goal of cultivating advanced engineering and technical talents with petrochemical characteristics will be achieved.

广东石油化工学院是一所石化特色鲜明的工科院校,其环境工程专业为广东省特色专业.在目前进入工程教育专业认证后,专业建设出现如下的一些特殊问题,如学科建设和专业建设的矛盾、专业特色内涵拓展、学校的评教政策、绩效政策等对师资队伍建设影响、社会资源开发对师生创新能力培养等.对这些问题的分析有利于对接工程教育专业认证,形成清晰的特色专业建设思路和发展方向,提高专业办学水平和人才培养质量.

The professional experimental teaching demonstration center is an important practice base for the cultivation of applied talents.In this paper,the construction of experimental teaching center for majors of environmental and municipal engineering was taken as an example under the background of transformation of local university.It explores and discusses the ways to strengthen students' engineering practice ability and innovative ability,students' application innovation ability training,employment demand integration and experimental teaching quality guarantee mechanism.Through the construction of the experimental teaching center,the quality of experimental teaching will be promoted,and finally the goal of cultivating advanced engineering and technical talents with petrochemical characteristics will be achieved.

研究了粤西地区(广东省湛江市、广东省肇庆市、广东省江门市、广东省云浮市)的土壤样品中氨苯胂酸的含量,得到以下主要结论.(1)肇庆市的检出率只有33％,湛江市和江门市的一样为88％,云浮市的检出率为100％.肇庆市使用氨苯胂酸含量最高达到1.50 mg/kg,湛江市地区使用氨苯胂酸含量最高达到0.98 mg/kg,最低为0.37 mg/kg,江门市地区使用氨苯胂酸含量最高达到1.16 mg/kg,最低为0.26 mg/kg,云浮市地区氨苯胂酸的使用状况更为普遍,全部样品都检测出有氨苯胂酸,最高含量达到1.13 mg/kg,最低情况为0.77 mg/kg,与湛江市的使用氨苯胂酸最高含量只差0.21 mg/kg.(2)土壤中氨苯胂酸含量的大小顺序为:云浮(W)>江门(J)>湛江(G)>肇庆(H),云浮市的氨苯胂酸使用情况最为糟糕,肇庆市的氨苯胂酸使用情况相对乐观.

草甘膦在土壤中极易被吸附,代谢速度相对缓慢,在高剂量多年连续施用的情况下,其残余水平可能会逐年升高.我国是除草剂草甘膦的生产和使用大国,当前草甘膦环境残余水平及其生态效应的研究尚处于起步阶段,土壤环境草甘膦痕量残余检测的标准方法还未建立.跟进草甘膦环境行为及其生态风险评估研究,优化除草剂使用管理策略,对我国环境生态安全建设具有重要意义.本文从环境化学的角度,对土壤草甘膦的环境残余水平进行综述,对土壤环境样品中草甘膦痕量残余检测方法及技术研究进展做了评述.

The theory of "proton-assisted process" can well explain the catalytic mechanism of homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (2,3-HPCD) with a monoanionic substrate (homoprotocatechuate, HPCA). Here a "non-proton-assisted process" is presented to interpret catalytic mechanism of 2,3-HPCD with a dianionic substrate (4-nitrocatechol, 4NC). The ONIOM calculation is performed to investigate the reaction pathway of a wild-type 2,3-HPCD with 4NC (H200H-4NC system). The catalytic reaction is comprised of four steps: (1) A dioxygen attacks the aromatic ring to produce an alkylperoxo species. (2) O-O bond cleavage and the formation of an epoxide species occur. (3) A seven-membered O-heterocyclic compound is generated by the extinction of the epoxy structure. (4) The seven-membered ring undergoes ring opening to form the final product (C2-C3 cleavage product). The effective free energy barrier of the catalytic reaction of the H200H-4NC system is 26.2 kcal mol-1, which is much higher than that of the H200H-HPCA system. Furthermore, two calculated electronic configurations (Fe(III)-O2•- and Fe(III)-SQ•) have a high similarity to previously detected ones, which demonstrates that the Asn200 variant (H200N-4NC variant system) employs a C4 (para-carbon) pathway to produce a C4-C5 cleavage product. Our findings provide an in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of dianionic catechol and its derivatives.

研究建立了农田土壤中氨苯胂酸、洛克沙胂、喹乙醇等3种典型饲料添加剂含量分析方法,并进行优化.结果表明:0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾作为提取液的提取效果明显优于甲醇:水(1:1)、纯甲醇2种提取液;超声提取法也优于斡旋振荡和摇床振荡提取法;优化后的分析方法对上述3种药物的一次加标回收率分别为45.1％～50.0％、54.1％～65.2％和87.4％～100.6％.

调查了粤西地区土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的含量.结果表明,调查的区域农用地PAEs污染普遍存在.湛江市共有11种PAEs检出,其中DPHP和BBP的检出率达到100%,其中湛江5号地中DMEP的含量最高,可达94.8mg/kg.云浮市样品中一共检出6种PAEs,其中DNP的检出频率最高,达到83%.