核因子-Κb(NF -κB)是一种蛋白质复合物,是细胞内重要的核转录因子,在机体免疫应答和炎症反应中有着广泛的参与性,当NF -κB被激活后便形成NF -κB信号传导通路.慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CAP)是临床男科较为常见和多发的一种疾病,严重影响患者的生命质量,与前列腺癌(PCa)的发生存在密切关系.NF -κB信号传导通路作为经典的炎症信号通路,在炎症反应过程中被密切关注,并成为CAP免疫学研究的一个热点,在CAP -PCa转化中发挥着重要的作用,为此,本文对NF -κB信号通路在CAP -PCa转化中的介导作用作简要概述,以期通过NF - κB信号通路研究探析CAP和PCa的发病机制.

"金标准"常被用来形容病理学在临床疾病诊断中的重要地位,高水平的病理技术能够协助临床快速诊断疾病并进行有效的治疗.病理技术侧重于组织切片、细胞学制片、HE染色等工作,病理技术员是该项工作的主要承担者,然而受多种因素影响,目前,本科层面培养的病理技术人员存在严重的不足,因此探索专科层次的病理技术人才培养路径则显得尤为重要."校院合作"模式是当前医学人才培养应用较广且较为热点的一种联合教学方式,也是推动医学教育方法改革提高人才培养质量的一个有效手段,本文通过探索"校院合作"模式培养病理技术人才,以期为提高高职高专医学人才培养质量,增强临床医学专业学生就业竞争力,为基层医疗卫生事业提供病理技术人才储备,提供借鉴和参考.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on miR-155 expression and Toll-like receptor（TLR）4/nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB signaling pathway in prostate tissue of chronic abacterial prostatitis（CAP） rats.Methods Male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group（normal group）, CAP model control group（model group） and swimming exercise observation group（exercise group）, with 10 rats in each group. The model was established by injection of Xiaozhiling for 7 d. The later exercise group was given swimming exercise for 50 min per time every day for 6 d per week for 28 d, the normal group and the model group did not exercise and moved freely to feed. The rats were killed 2 h after the last exercise, and interleukin（IL）-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor（TNF） in prostate tissue were detected by ELISA.Relative expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins were detected by Western blot. The expression of miR-155 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, and the pathological changes of prostate tissue were observed.Results Compared with the normal group, the expressions of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4,NF-κB p65 and miR-155 in the prostate tissue of the model group and the exercise group were significantly increased after 28 d swimming exercise（P＜0.05）; compared with the model group, the above indexes in the exercise group were significantly decreased（P＜0.05）.Correlation analysis showed that TLR4, NF-κB P65 were positively correlated with the expressions of IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α.MiR-155 was positively correlated with the expressions of TLR4,NF-κB P65, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α（all P＜0.01）; pathological observation showed that there was no abnormal change in the histological observation of the prostate in the normal group. In the model group, there were obvious hyperplasia of epithelial cells and fibrous tissue of the prostate, and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes in the stroma. Compared with the model group, there were mild hyperplasia of epithelial cells and mild fibrosis of the prostate in the exercise group, the infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells was significantly improved.Conclusions Aerobic exercise could alleviate inflammation in CAP rats, and its mechanism might be related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway regulated by miR-155.

Adopted random stratified sampling method,587 medical freshmen and sophomores from a certain medical college in the ethnic region of Guizhou Province were selected as the research subjects.The"Chinese Residents'Health Literacy Questionnaire in 2009"and self-designed demographic variables were adopted to investigate and analyze the status,influencing factors,and access to health knowledge of the research subjects.Research shows that the overall level of health literacy among medical students in medical colleges in ethnic region of Guizhou is relatively low,which is greatly influenced by factors such as grade,ethnicity,and students'origin.Professional course teachers and colleges should strengthen health knowledge education and promotion,expand the channels for students to acquire health literacy knowledge,improve their overall level of health literacy as well.

目的 观察苗药五香血藤提取物对Ⅱ型胶原性关节炎(CIA)大鼠血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及三型酸敏感离子通道(ASIC3)表达的影响.方法 成年SD大鼠60只,随机分为空白对照组(正常组),模型对照组(模型组),地塞米松对照组(阳性药物组),五香血藤提取物低、中、高剂量治疗组,每组10只,采用牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导建造大鼠模型,阳性药物组灌胃剂量为0.35 mg/kg;五香血藤提取物低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为63、126、252 mg/kg,模型组与正常组给予灌胃同体积的蒸馏水;各组大鼠给药次数为1次/d,连续给药28 d;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组大鼠血清VEGF、ASIC3含量,观察各组大鼠足肿胀度、关节炎症指数(AI)、脏器指数及踝关节组织病理学改变.结果 与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠在第21、28天右后足肿胀度、关节总AI均显著好转(P<0.05),五香血藤提取物高剂量组与阳性药物组差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);第28天,与模型组比较,各给药组血清VEGF、ASIC3含量水平显著降低(P<0.05),五香血藤提取物高剂量组与阳性药物组差异不显著(P>0.05),脏器指数比较显示,与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠脾脏、胸腺指数均显著降低(P<0.05);病理观察显示,与模型组、五香血藤提取物低、中剂量组比较,五香血藤提取物高剂量组和阳性药物组大鼠踝关节均可见明显新生血管,滑膜组织及周围组织内水肿明显缓解.结论 五香血藤提取物能够通过抑制VEGF及ASIC3的表达,对CIA大鼠关节起到保护作用.

为探索校院合作模式在医高专病理人才培养中的应用效果,随机选取本校临床专业两个小班作为研究对象,观察组50人,对照组52人.观察组采用校院合作培养模式,对照组采用传统教学模式,采用《学习投入量表》对两组学生的学习投入情况进行调查,观察两组学生理论成绩、实践操作成绩、课堂教学质量评价等指标,并对教师参与临床病理技能培训情况进行评价.观察组在学习投入、理论成绩、实践操作成绩、课堂教学评价方面均好于对照组(P<0.001),对教师培训前后临床病理技能的评价显示,校院合作能够有效提高教师的临床病理操作技能,提高读片能力(P<0.05).校院合作模式能够增强学生的学习投入,提高学习成绩,提升教师临床病理教学能力,促进医高专病理人才的培养.

目的:了解都匀市青少年甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,为制定防控措施提供科学依据.方法:2015年9月、2016年9月、2017年9月在黔南州中医院健康体检人群中,按照初中12～、15～、18～3个年龄组抽取研究对象开展3次调查,每次均对调查对象进行甲型H1N1流感疫苗与季节性流感疫苗接种史的问卷调查.并采集574人份静脉血进行血凝抑制实验,检测甲型H1N1流感的血凝抑制抗体滴度,抗体滴度≥1:40判定为阳性.结果:3次调查共采集未接种疫苗青少年血清标本520份,未接种疫苗青少年平均抗体阳性率为20％,2015年9月初中组平均抗体阳性率最高(33.3％).初中、高中和大学3个年龄组之间血清抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但抗体阳性率在3个年龄组呈递减趋势.采集疫苗接种者血清54份,抗体阳性率为61.11％,是未接种疫苗者的3.06倍.结论:甲型H1N1流感已经在都匀市流行,但青少年抗体阳性率仅为20％,远低于70％的保护水平,有可能还会出现暴发流行疫情,青少年学生群体是感染甲流的高风险人群,接种甲流疫苗有一定的保护作用,应进一步加强在校大中学生甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种.

Objective To observe liver fibrosis caused by experimentally infecting an intermediate host,i.e.pigs,with Taenia solium eggs and to quantitatively analyze the severity of that cysticercosis.Methods Three groups of pigs with 2 pigs each were directly fed a large dose of Asian Taenia solium eggs(60 000 eggs/ml),a medium dose,(40 000 eggs/ml),or a small dose(10 000 eggs/ml).Two healthy pigs served as the control group.Pigs were sacrificed after 30 days.The liver was removed and sectioned,and HE and Cason staining were performed.Pathological changes in tissue and collagen fiber content were analyzed.Results Compared to the control group,pigs fed large,medium,and small doses of eggs had varying degrees of liver tissue degeneration and necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,and an increased liver and spleen index(P<0.05,P<0.01).Liver fibrosis was apparent,the total area of collagen fibers and total optical density increased,and collagen fiber content also increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Pigs infected with Taenia solium eggs had a greater number of cysticerci in the liver and a greater incidence of pathological changes and more severe damage primarily in the form of granulomas and fibrosis.

病理学作为一门医学主干学科及桥梁学科,在基础医学与临床医学之间起着很重要的承上启下的作用。随着电脑地逐渐普及,我们在教学中也开始广泛地使用多媒体技术作为我们常用的教学手段。初步探讨多媒体教学的优点与不足,并探讨改进的方法。