提出三维荧光二阶校正法,用于环境水样中氟喹诺酮类抗生素培氟沙星和氧氟沙星的同时定量分析.即在激发波长为230～400 nm,发射波长为360～580 nm范围内,测定样品(包含校正样、验证样、测试样)的三维荧光光谱,构建三维荧光响应数据阵;经数据处理后,采用交替三线性分解算法进行分解,得到与物质相关的相对激发、相对发射和相对浓度谱信息;通过对浓度信息进行单变量校正,获得校正曲线,进一步预测真实浓度.结果表明,培氟沙星和氧氟沙星的平均回收率分别为(101.1±5.3)％,(99.7±4.7)％,检测限分别为2.14,4.34 ng/mL,定量限分别为6.49,13.16 ng/mL.三维荧光二阶校正法可以在未知干扰物共存下,同时定量分析环境水样中培氟沙星和氧氟沙星,实现二阶优势.

"玉洁"是以东方百合(Oriental hybrids)花仙子(Lilium Huaxianzi)为母本,以西伯利亚百合(Lilium Siberia)为父本,采用常规杂交育种方法培育的东方百合新品种.花瓣为柔和的白色,基部带紫色斑点,柱头紫色,花蜜沟黄色,对镰刀菌具有很强的抗性,耐寒性,适应性强,易繁殖.

太极红是以东方百合Cai74(Lilium'Cai74')为母本,以索尔帮Lilium'Sorbone'为父本采用常规杂交育种方法培育的东方百合新品种'太极红'.花瓣为红色带白边,柱头淡黄色,茎秆绿色带紫色斑点,对镰刀菌有很强的抗性,适种区广,适应性强,易繁殖.

'惊鸿'是以东方百合花仙子(Lilium'Huaxianzi')为母本,以西伯利亚(Lilium'Siberia')为父本,采用常规杂交育种方法培育的新品种.花瓣为白色,基部带白色斑点,柱头淡绿色,茎秆绿色,对镰刀菌有很强的抗性,经济性状优良,适应性强,易繁殖.

为尽快地将抗性较强的以株洲红为代表的东方百合系列新品种推向市场,株洲市农业科学研究所对株洲红脱毒组培—炼苗—一代种球—生产种球等过程做了系统研究,在贵州威宁草海、湖南炎陵大院、茶陵小田、攸县黄丰桥及芦淞区曲尺等地进行了多方位的比较试验.结果表明:组培苗冷藏时间40 d最为理想,炼苗使用基质为河泥沙,在海拔700 m以上可以生产种球,生产中肥料以磷肥为主,鳞片繁育在9月份播种为宜.

目前切花百合生产上所用的品种及种球绝大部分来自国外,生产成本很高,还需要攻克国际上的茎腐病危害,因此,尽快培育具有自主知识产权的百合新品种,特别是抗茎腐病品种,已迫在眉睫.本项目在国家自然科学基金等项目的资助下,经过近16年系统研究,取得了重要创新成果.

百合是百合科百合属所有种的总称,其花大色艳、花姿奇特,是世界名花之一 近年来,株洲市农业科学研究所培育的抗茎腐病百合切花新品种“株洲红”,在湖南春季多雨、初夏高温高温的不利气候条件下成功实现露地无设施栽培,为大面积推广应用提供了实践经验 1.土壤准备 ①深翻.以富含腐殖质、土层深厚、疏松、排水良好,土质含盐量低、pH5.5 ～6.5的土壤为宜,忌连作,可与禾本科作物轮作.

With vitro fertilization combined with embryo rescue the distant hybridization of Robina( OT) × Sorbonne( O) and Manissa( OT) ×Siberia( O) was carried out to obtain new OT×O distant hybridization breed-ing lily materials.Cytological observation of F1 hybrids produced from Manissa×Siberiashowed that they were aneuploid plants and their chromosome numbers varied from 16-48,their stoma sizes of the progenies had di-versity,the stoma sizes were different among different plants,even in the same leaf. Cytological observation of F1 hybrids produced from Robina×Sorbonne showed that they were triploid plants and their chromosome num-ber was 2n=3x=36,the triploid stoma size was (93.2±1.04) ×(70.4±0.53).In the majority of the asexually propagated progenies from OT × O, their mitosis were regular, but some abnormal phenomena were observed, such as unequal division, chromosome bridges and lagging chromosomes;nucleus germination, intruding and splitting of the tube-like nucleus and multiple nuclei were also observed.These abnormal phenomena during mi-tosis may be one of the mechanisms of producing chromosome number and structure variations among the asex-ual descendants derived from OT×O.

By using sexual polyploidization method to create new Strelitzia reginae germplasm, young flowers which are about 6-8 cm in length are induced with different concentrations of colchicine (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20%) in the first meiosis. The results showed that the effects of 0.20% colchicine were the best. On the basis of morphological observations, the differences were obvious, such as petal, calyx, stigma, pollen grain germination, and so on. Based on cytological study, abnormal meiosis behavior resulting in the 2n pollen production showed that: (1) abnormal spindles, including parallel spindles and fused spindles were formed at metaphase II and anaphase II; (2) the nuclei at telophase II were arranged in two poles, each pole contained two nuclei, or in three poles, one of which contained two nuclei, the other pole contained one nucleus, respectively; (3) dyads and triads were produced at the tetrad stage. According to the cytological mechanism of 2n pollen formation, the results indicated that the 2n pollen were genetically equivalent to the first division restitution (FDR) gametes and consequently had a potential value for sexual polyploidization breeding of S. reginae.

百合花是中国的第一大鲜切花品种.湖南省因春季多雨、初夏高温,因此百合生产中病害重、花期短.随着株洲市农业科学研究所在百合花抗病育种上的重大突破,"株洲红"等一批抗病新品种问世,使湖南露地生产百合花成为可能,但花期短的问题依然突出.本试验旨在研究纳米生物肥(正光土墒材料)对百合生长发育、开花期和花卉品质的影响,结果表明:纳米生物肥具有良好的增强百合生长势、大幅延长花期、提高花卉品质的作用,将在百合花卉产业发展中发挥重要作用.

以东方百合“索尔邦”(Lilium oriental‘Sorbonne’)的二倍体栽培品种为试材,采用沾有秋水仙素的棉球包裹法处理东方百合“索尔邦”花蕾,探索利用秋水仙素诱导百合2n花粉的方法和可能性,以期得到最佳诱导浓度和时间,并以同株植株叶片为对照,对2n花粉粒采用细胞流式仪鉴定.结果表明:在花粉细胞进行减数分裂中期Ⅰ时,采用包裹法处理花蕾最高诱变率达68％,其最适秋水仙素浓度为0.4％,处理时间为24 h.配子形成过程中出现四分体时期发现二分体、三分体及产生胞质分离而染色体不分离异常等情况.鉴定结果证实所获得2n花粉为二倍体.表明了人工诱导2n花粉是产生百合有性多倍化的一种有效途径.

以"雅荷"百合组培苗为材料,采用N、P、Mg、K四因素三水平L9（34）正交试验设计方法,研究不同肥料配比对无土箱培百合的生长和地下子球鲜重、周径的影响.旨在揭示组培苗栽培当年的需肥规律,为缩短组培苗到商品种球的生长周期,降低生产成本提供依据.结果表明,生长前期（栽后第3~10周）以叶片增长量和子球鲜重为考量标准时,组培苗对养分的最佳需求量为N 80 mg/L,P 30 mg/L,Mg 24 mg/L,K 40 mg/L（ρ（N）∶ρ（P）∶ρ（Mg）∶ρ（K）=8∶3∶2.4∶4）.生长中期（栽后第11~22周）以鲜重为考量标准时,理论最佳施肥量是N 200 mg/L,P 60 mg/L,Mg 48 mg/L,K 200 mg/L（ρ（N）∶ρ（P）∶ρ（Mg）∶ρ（K）=10∶3∶2.4∶10）,试验最佳结果是N 200 mg/L,P 60 mg/L,Mg 96 mg/L,K 200 mg/L.生长后期（栽后第23~34周）以鲜重为考量标准时,理论最优施肥量为P 60 mg/L,K 400 mg/L;试验最优施肥量是P 60 mg/L,K 200 mg/L.筛选了适宜"雅荷"百合组培苗生长的最佳N、P、Mg、K施用配比.

In order to understand the mechanisms of bulb rot pathogenesis and disease resistance of Lilium oriental as soon as possible, the study was conducted using Lilium oriental materials from the Agricultural Sciences Institute of Zhuzhou in Hunan. The bulb rot pathogen was isolated by the mercuric chloride disinfection method. Then, the effect of seven inoculation methods and completed disease resistance identification of 30 self-cultivation Lilium oriental materials were compared. At the same time, the total content and antifungal activity of saponin in materials were also investigated. The results suggested that Fusarium oxysporum was the pathogen causing Mum oriental bulb rot. According to the clustering analysis, 30 Lilium materials tested were divided into three groups of 3 resistant, 16 medium resistant and 11 susceptible materials. It also showed that resistant materials had significantly higher saponin content than susceptible materials did. Additionally, the saponin content was significantly correlated to resistance levels (r=0.819). With the mixed liquid plate culture method, it was discovered that the saponin extract solution, whose total saponin content was 1.194mg/mL, had a certain inhibition rate of 29.39% on pathogen's mycelial growth.

为探明东方百合茎腐病的发病机制及抗病机理,以湖南株洲地区的东方百合为材料,分别采用升汞消毒、刺伤浸苗接种、超声波甲醇浸提、混液平板等方法对其病原菌进行了分离、抗病性鉴定、皂苷含量及活性测定.结果显示:尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum为湖南株洲地区东方百合茎腐病病原菌;30份自主培育的东方百合材料通过聚类分析可划分为3类,包含抗病材料3份、中抗材料16份、感病材料11份,其中y、ZN-12和ZN-27的抗病指数都在65.00以上;抗病材料的总皂苷含量明显高于感病材料,且皂苷含量与抗性水平之间极显著相关;总皂苷含量为1.194 mg/mL的提取液对茎腐病病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率为29.39％.表明y、ZN-12和ZN-27具有较好的开发潜力;总皂苷含量与东方百合抗茎腐病水平密切相关,可作为大规模筛选抗病材料的一个重要指标.

对兔眼蓝莓灿烂组培苗的增殖、生根及瓶外驯化技术的研究并优化.经过试验,确定灿烂最佳增殖培养基为wpm+1.5mg/LZT+0.5mg/L6-BA;最佳生根培基为wpm+1.5mg/L+0.2g/L活性炭,并进行7d的暗室处理后,生根率达到80％;最适炼苗基质为腐殖土∶园土=3∶1,保持湿度84％,温度35℃,组培苗成活率达到85％.

非洲菊为世界五大切花之一,倍受消费者青睐,经济价值较高。本文从品种选择、种植密度、土肥水管理、病虫害防治、采收保鲜及土壤盐渍化防治等方面介绍了切花非洲菊的高产优质栽培技术,以期为贵州切花非洲菊的生产发展提供科学参考。

2n配子介导的有性多倍化因其具有染色体重组创造新型变异的机会而越来越受到育种家的重视.本研究用化学试剂秋水仙素处理彩色马蹄莲(coloured Zantedeschia hybrid)二倍体栽培种幼蕾诱导2n配子,并对2n配子形成的细胞学特征进行了显微观察.结果显示,秋水仙素处理可以诱导彩色马蹄莲2n花粉产生,2n花粉的花粉粒明显变大,适宜的秋水仙素处理浓度为0.15％；配子形成过程中出现平行、融合等纺锤体定位异常现象,四分体时期出现二分体、三分体,产生减数分裂异常的多核细胞、小孢子形成过程中核融合等异常现象；诱导的2n花粉与正常1n雌配子杂交,杂交后代经染色体鉴定筛选获得三倍体后代(2n=3x=48).本研究结果表明,人工诱导2n花粉是培育彩色马蹄莲有性多倍体的一种有效可行的方法.

The karyotype of Impatiens blepharosepala was observed and analyzed,taking young root tip of Impatiens blepharosepala as material,to know its chromosome number and karyotype and provide cytology basis for phylogenetic systematics.The results showed that Impatiens blepharosepala has 14 chromosomes and the karyotype formula is 2n=2x=14=14m,it belongs to 1A type in Stebbins taxonomy,a more original and symmetrical karyotype.

The system of adventitious shoot regeneration in autotetraploid Erigeron breviscapus in vitro was studied.Leafstalks from axenic autotetraploid E.breviscapus plantlets as explants were cultured on MS medium with different combinations of growth regulator,and the effects of growth regulator combinations on induction of shoots are evaluated.Lastly,the ploidy of regenerative plantlets was identified.The results indicated that the optimal medium for inducting adventitious shoots is MS media containing 0.65% agar and 3% sucrose supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA,the percentage for adventitious shoot induction is up to 87.3%.Then each adventitious shoot was transplanted on the MS medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA and 0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA with proliferating rate about 7.8 times.The MS with the addition of 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg·L-1 IBA is suitable for root growing,and the root ratio is up to 100%.After temporality planted,rooting tube plantlets surviving ratio is up to 90%.The identified result of the chromosome analysis implied the chromosome number of the regeneration plantlets is 2n=4x=36,while that of normal diploid plants is 2n=2x=18,x=9.Therefore,the regenerative plants belong to tetraploid plants.