企业网络为认知文旅产业经济空间联系演化的深层次机理和多样化趋势提供了创新性视角.关联交易网络作为企业间业务往来的重要表征形式,兼具横向企业间联系与纵向子母公司间联系的双重特征属性.采用 2000-2021 年文化类和旅游类上市企业的关联交易数据,揭示文旅企业关联交易网络的空间结构及其演化特征,并对网络节点的地位和角色进行识别.研究发现:2000-2021 年文旅上市企业关联交易额总体呈波动增长态势,参与文化旅游业的行业不断丰富,租赁和商务服务业为首要关联方;随着关联交易量提升,网络的空间覆盖范围扩大,跨地区的长距离联系不断增加,整体网络由简单的"放射状"向复杂的"网络"结构演化,少数中心度高的节点在网络中起"枢纽"作用;节点转变中心性和转变控制力水平不断提升并服从高-高、低-低一维分布规律,北京和上海一直是网络的领导核心城市,杭州、沈阳和长沙在不同时期承担中心集约或权力门户角色,大量中西部节点在网络中为裙带边缘角色.

生活性服务业是服务经济的重要组成部分,其合理化布局对发展城市经济、满足居民消费需求发挥着重要作用.基于长株潭城市群兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,运用核密度分析、最邻近点指数、熵指数等方法研究长株潭生活性服务业的空间格局特征,结果显示:长株潭生活性服务业总体呈现为"一主两副多中心"的分布格局,受溢出效应影响,局部呈现出连片分布、块状集聚、轴状延伸的形态特征;分行业间"核心—边界"分布态势相似,而集聚强度和规模差异显著;受城市指向性规划影响,部分行业集聚形态与功能区边界相吻合;生活性服务业功能多样性由东北向西南递减,"一主两副"外围区域呈现"大分散、小集聚"的分布特征,行政中心与乡镇呈"核心—边缘"的布局模式,功能分配差异显著.

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向.从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理.基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效.其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出.最后,遵循地理学"格局-过程-机理-决策"的科学逻辑,提出"数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化"4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础.进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践.

Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization, urban agglomeration has become the area with the most drastic and concentrated land use change. The research on the evolution law and structural characteristics of urban agglomeration land use system is of great significance for the sustainable development. Taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration (MRYRUA) of China as the study area, we analyzed the phasic changes from 1980 to 2018 in land use/cover in the MRYRUA as well as the spatial differences between the three core regions. Furthermore, the transfer matrix of land use/cover change (LUCC) was converted to network, with land use types as nodes and conversion relationships between different land types as network connecting lines. Complex network indexes such as centrality, diffusion, and dominant flow were applied to identify the major changes in land use types, key change paths, and transformation patterns. The results show that: (1) in the past 40 years, the building land area in the MRYRUA has increased significantly, while the area of crop land and forest has, and still is, decreasing at an accelerated rate; (2) in terms of the scale, structure, and spatial distribution of land use transfer, there are distinct differences among the three core regions. The Wuhan metropolitan area has the largest intensity of land use transfer and the most drastic structural adjustment; (3) in all four periods, the land use transition network, crop land, and water bodies are the key land use types. Over time, the influence of building land and forest in the land use transition network has increased; and (4) the first transfer direction of each land use type was stable during different periods, such as the transfer of crop land to water bodies and building land, the transfer of water bodies to crop land, and the mutual transformations among crop land and forest, indicating a stable transfer pattern in the MRYRUA.

社区化和景区化是实践中乡村社区进行旅游开发的两种重要模式,也是当地乡村旅游发展自然、经济和社会环境的综合反映.为深入探究乡村旅游社区化和景区化模式差异背后的理论机制和规律,文章剖析了浙江和山西的两个典型村落乡村旅游发展历程,厘清了不同社会经济背景下乡村旅游社区化与景区化发展路径差异与特征,探索了影响乡村社区旅游发展模式选择的核心要素及理论规律.结果发现,乡村旅游社区化与景区化既表现为由点到面开放式一体化和由面到点飞地式舞台化的建设路径差异,又反映出"乡村休闲与生活体验的日常叙述"同"乡村自然与文化观赏的舞台凝视"的内涵差异.研究认为,社区化与景区化差异的形成是以乡村地域社会综合发展环境为基础,不同乡村旅游投资策略形成不同乡村社区旅游开发路径,并在乡村旅游设施建设、社区参与和空间扩展等方面造成差异化发展特征的结果.以上研究发现以期能丰富乡村旅游与社区发展关系的理论认识,为切实解决乡村社区旅游开发路径问题提供理论参考,更好地促进乡村旅游高质量可持续发展.

乡村旅游发展区域差异是乡村旅游投资空间不均衡的外在表现.新时代乡村振兴背景下乡村旅游投资不断增长,正加速影响乡村旅游发展空间格局与区域差异.在对比认识浙晋乡村旅游发展差异基础上,深入剖析了乡村旅游投资系统作用区域乡村旅游发展差异的深层机理.结果发现:(1)以乡村旅游精品线路为表征的浙晋乡村旅游发展水平和市场成熟度差异显著.(2)在乡村旅游投资"自然—产业—社会"环境中,产业基础环境对区域乡村旅游发展差异贡献最突出,是区域差异形成的核心要素,自然生态环境是基础,社会文化环境则发挥积极促进作用.(3)乡村旅游发展区域差异是不同乡村旅游投资环境引起区域乡村旅游投资收益预期和回报水平与乡村旅游发展路径及模式差异的结果.基于此,提出新时代乡村旅游投资IE-maps 模式,以期促进区域乡村旅游协调发展和乡村振兴战略实施.

生态文明战略背景下,城市公园用地管理对城市土地利用效益、城市社会转型以及可持续发展的作用越来越明显.文章以湖南省13个地级市2001-2016年的面板数据为基础,应用ArcGIS空间分析、变差系数、泰尔指数、相对发展率以及面板回归模型对城市公园用地增长的时空演变特征以及驱动因素开展实证研究.结果 表明:①湖南省城市公园用地增长总体呈现不断上升趋势,2016年人均城市公园面积为2.509 m2/人,但城市间差异显著,其空间分布具有连贯性,湘东地区和湘北地区是两个高值区.②2001-2016年,湖南省城市公园用地增长的区域差异呈逐步缩小趋势,不同城市的相对发展速度分异明显,其中常德和株洲发展最快.③房地产投资、城市交通和生态环境对城市公园用地增长具有正面驱动影响,而人口密度、经济增长对城市公园用地增长具有负面驱动影响.多城市公园用地增长的驱动机理表现为:生态环境、房地产投资、城市交通、经济增长、人口规模五大因素通过其不同属性特征和作用过程共同驱动城市公园用地增长.研究结论显示,城市公园用地逐渐成为城市高品质生活的重要用地需求,湖南省城市发展尚处于经济增长抑制公园用地增长的转型前发展阶段.

以中国31个省市为研究对象,在构建入境旅游流集散优势度与旅游经济效率耦合协调模型基础上,分析2000年、2005年、2010年、2016年全国各省市入境旅游"势—效"耦合协调度等级、耦合协调类型及其时空演化路径.研究表明:全国"势—效"耦合协调度整体水平有所下降,协调等级为中级协调.北京、上海、广东、陕西为优质协调省市,呈散点状分布;青海、甘肃、新疆、宁夏为轻度失调或严重失调省市;各省"势—效"耦合协调类型呈现出差异化的时间演化路径,以中短距离的反向迁移为主,迁移类型主要包括:HHt→LHt+1、HLt→HHt+1、LHt→LLt+1和LLt→LHt+1.

全局视角下长征红色旅游景区的时空演化规律揭示及跨区域协同路径提炼是长征国家文化公园建设的关键.在长征红色旅游景区内涵界定的基础上,文章以2005-2020年118个长征红色旅游景区为样本,综合运用空间分析方法探析其时空格局特征及形成机制.研究表明:①2005年以来,长征红色旅游景区的发展经历了基础开发阶段(2005-2012年)、快速增长阶段(2013-2017年)及内涵深化阶段(2018年至今),不同阶段表现为景区增长速度及发展质量的显著性差异.②长征红色旅游景区整体为集聚分布态势,集中分布于西南地区的四川、贵州两省以及西北地区的甘肃省,景区发展具有"大集中、小分散"的空间分布特征以及西多东少、南多北少的梯度差异格局.③长征红色旅游景区空间分布演化态势表现为由"单核主导型"向"双核引领型"转变,联核成轴的空间演化趋势明显.④长征红色旅游景区空间分布格局受地形地貌与河流水系、重大事件与资源禀赋、政策支持与交通条件、旅游形象与市场需求等内外生因素的共同作用.最后,据此为长征红色旅游景区的跨区域协同及高质量发展提出相应措施.

空间集聚是乡村旅游开发的重要趋势,也是促进乡村旅游产业集约化、高质量发展,进一步助推乡村经济振兴的重要路径.为深刻认识经济发达地区乡村旅游集聚发展特征,以苏南地区为案例地进行实证分析,结果表明:①空间集聚已成为苏南乡村旅游开发的显著特征,但星级景点和节庆活动间以及不同市域间乡村旅游集聚特征差异显著.②苏南乡村旅游空间集聚存在自然环境和社会经济的双重约束特征;在地理环境要素组合上表现出明显地距离衰减规律,在社会经济要素组合上表现出严格地门槛要求;其中,距水域2km以内、海拔100m以下、城镇人口密度达到1万人/km2、等级公路密度1 km/km2、旅游花费密度10万元/km2、可支配收入密度300万元/km2区域是乡村旅游集聚开发的合理区间.③当前苏南乡村旅游空间集聚结构呈现散点状层级式特征.研究认为,它是分别受星级景点和节庆活动的主导与弥合功能影响,由多节点网络式与双核心卫星式互动转化而形成的.本研究针对乡村旅游空间集聚特征和结构演化规律的相关发现,以期为实践中更好运用集聚开发模式推动乡村旅游发展提供理论支持.

以中国省际入境旅游流为研究对象,在构建集散优势度与旅游经济效率耦合理论框架基础上,运用复杂网络分析方法和空间经济学理论揭示了2005年、2016年各省市“势-效”空间关系演化规律,并据此提出省际入境旅游与当地旅游经济间“势-效”空间关系优化的方式.研究发现:①集散优势度存在显著空间分异,且随时间变化发生冷热点迁移.北京、上海、广东、四川最具集散优势.②旅游综合效率值整体呈上升趋势,但两极分化现象显著,至2016年基本形成南北高低相间、东西高低分化的“S”型格局.③受地区旅游经济增长、资源要素投入等因素影响,“势-效”耦合的空间关系不断调整.④针对部分地区“势-效”关系存在失调,研究提出了失衡型、低水平协调型旅游地的协调机制与路径,促进“势-效”关系在空间上良性协同.

Spatial correlation is the link of regional interaction and influence; the urbanization spatial correlation is spatial relationship of urbanization based on population flow, which influences and continuously adjusts the regional economic and social development pattern in China. By analyzing the change of the spatial correlation intensity and the spatial correlation network of provincial urbanization in China during 1990-2015, this paper reveals the spatial correlation characteristics, formation process and influencing factors of China's provincial urbanization since China's reform and opening up. The results show that: (1) 7 types of spatial correlation intensity are identified in the evolution of provincial urbanization of China, among which the dominant type has the highest degree of coincidence with the whole country, and determines the evolution process of the spatial correlation intensity of urbanization in China.The non-dominant types of urbanization spatial correlation intensity evolution feature 2005 as the critical year, and their growth was slow or even negative before the year; then together with the dominant type, they have promoted a continuous increase in the urbanization spatial correlation intensity across the country. (2) Urbanization spatial correlation network structure characteristics are analyzed from national, regional and provincial scales. The structure of the spatial correlation network of urbanization is becoming more and more complicated, and the correlation paths have shifted from centralized to scattered. The differences in the correlation density between regional subgroups with different attributes have begun to shrink, and the highlevel nodes have spread from the eastern to the central and western regions. (3) Further, the panel-vector auto-regression and panel quantile regression are used to test the interaction mechanism between urbanization spatial correlation intensity and correlation network centrality, which explains the effect of residents' income level and regional industrial structure on urbanization spatial correlation characteristics. The specialization of urbanization spatial correlation not only deepens the research on urbanization theory and methodology, but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of population urbanization and the adjustment of industrial space in China.

Urban agglomeration is an important spatial carrier of social and economic activities in global competition and the international labor division.Accordingly,China's urban agglomeration is transforming from a traditional hierarchical structure to a complex and nested structure.To reveal the multi-level community structure in the Yangtze River Delta region,we first constructed three types of networks from different external service flows (producer,consumer,and public),and then conducted a Social Network Analysis to examine network structures and relationships among them.The research findings are threefold.First,service networks were constituted of different hierarchical structures.The node distribution in producer and consumer service networks was characterized by a long tail and high degree of differentiated outflow.Second,different types of service networks exhibited both vertical and horizontal differentiation.In vertical structure,the percentage of flow and spatial pattern at each level varied.In horizontal structure,an early form of external service specialization emerged among some cities,which have expanded beyond their geographical boundaries and showed a pattern of crossregion agglomeration.Third,there was a strong correlation between networks of producer and consumer services.Both types of networks showed consistency among medium-and low-grade nodes,indicating a mutual growth pattern.The structure of the public service network was different from the other two networks,which has enriched and strengthened the functions of urban communities.The results of this study can facilitate the understanding of the multi-dimensional structure of the urban community,and have useful implications for regional and urban planning and organization.

With economic institution transformationn, Chinese urban-rural region structure changes. This study selected key variables of economic institution, constructed a system of economic institution variable. Taking Wuxi for example, the correlation between economic institution variables and urban-rural region structure evolvement were tested by Spearman Rank Correlation. And then, the response model was constructed to quantitatively study the influence procedure of economic institution variables on urban-rural region structure. The result shows that: (1)Government transforamtion and land marketing motivated the evolvement of urban and rural. Foreign capitals promote the evolvement of urban-rural transition. (2)The effect of economic institution variables on urban-rural region structure evolvement was obvious after 1995. (3)Economic institution translation caused the evolvement of urban-rural region structure by affecting the behavior of government and enterprise, and the distribution of elements.

The expansion of informatization, networking and globalization makes internal communication of ur-ban agglomeration increased sharply. Due to the powerful shaping strength of urban flows, spatial structure of urban agglomeration has suffered dramatic structure deformation. It is meaningful to identify and optimize the structure of urban agglomeration from the prospect of the urban flow. Based on economic-social data and road traffic data of the Yangtze River Delta in 2014, this article carries on a comprehensive measurement of urban flow in the Yangtze River Delta. From the prospects of"Node-contact-pattern", we try to identify the deforma-tion structure of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration with Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. The re-sults indicate that: 1) At the node level, there is a significant hierarchy change of urban centricity in flow space. 67 cities are divided into four levels, the number of middle level city (including level I and level II) in flow space increased dramatically in contrast to traditional rank-size distribution. 2) The connections between nodes in local districtsare restricted to the law of geographic space distance, but high level flows exist between Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and some other cities, which characterized by the trans-regional intercourse fea-ture and"7"glyph structure in space. 3) In terms of node spatial pattern identification, Multi-dimensional Scal-ing Analysis can make multidimensional connection matrixreduce to two-dimensional space matrix, the result is more objective and intuitive. Flow space structure pattern shows a dramatic deformation due to the core node"concentration"and the edgenode"discrete". On one hand, cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Suzhou present a group concentration, which formed a"core area"characterized by large-scale, continu-ous urban space, and closely connection;On the other hand, cities in the north of the Yangtze River and south of Hangzhou bay show a scattered deviating trend from the"core area". In order to improve the efficiency and integration level of the Yangtze River Delta, urban agglomeration, economic development and transport net-work construction of those structural deviation cities should be noticed by both state and local governments.

Urban expansion is a procedure that different cities compete to control the space,competing and controlling usually achieved by overcoming resistance.In this paper,We introduce least resistance model (MCR ') which can reflect the multi-center character of a region to simulate the urban expansion in SXC area,combined with Spatial Correlation Index (Getis-Ord Gi *).The evolution pattern of urban expansion has been quantitatively revealed.The results show that:Integrated resistance surface can reflect comprehensively the resistance for the urban expansion and indicates spatial trends in the urban expansion,and it has some instructive significance in forecasting the land layout of urban construction.In spite of cold-hot pattern,Simulation results of "hot-spots" showing a significant spatial evolution and transition characteristics.Under the thrust-resistance strength,"hot-spots" cluster structure form change from the Circle to the Group-spread.After that,Four different axis line were selected,Shanghai-Nanjing line/along the Yangtze River/along the Shanghai,and the axis alone Taihu Lake.Cold-hot analysis shows that every axis of the four districts have completely different spatial differentiation:Nanjing Shanghai axis has evident stretching expansion trend;Yangtze River axis act as low-density lateral spread;Shanghai alongside area has concentrated and long-lasting urban expansion area;Taihu Lake's limited room suffer greater e pressure.Therefore,different spatial strategy should be proposed,Such as strengthening the opening area between cities,leading the building area transfer to senior subordinated axis,which can build the network of urban space to achieve an orderly and vertical polymerization regional spatial organization.

在快速城市化过程中,城市经济快速发展,城市蔓延严重.多中心城市区域(PUR,Polycentric Urban Region)由于城市间相互影响、资源共享、共同竞争,城市蔓延表现出更为复杂的时空变化.文章以苏锡常地区为案例,利用1991-2013年间5个时相的遥感影像数据,借助蔓延特征指标、空间关联模型,对苏锡常地区进行全局和局部的蔓延热点分析,揭示PUR城市蔓延的空间演化规律.结果表明:PUR城市蔓延空间自相关性较强,次热区与热点区同步演化;冷热点切换频繁,热点区空间结构复杂,蔓延方式多样.具体表现为“圈层扩展”—“分散蔓延”—“多点连片”的格局转变过程,从1995年以前的向城市四周均衡扩展,转向1995-2008年期间蛙跃区与轴状扩展区双重作用下的分散—碎化蔓延,再到2008年以后蔓延热点向中心城市与次中心城市之间填充连片.PUR城市冷热点格局变化分析有助于深刻理解城市扩展的过程,可为控制城市蔓延提供决策依据.

人口空间分异研究是区域协调发展的基础,便捷准确地获取城镇人口全局和局域的空间信息,对于合理制定区域人口、经济和社会发展政策具有重要意义.在DMSP/OLS(夜间灯光)数据和人口数据之间的定量关联基础上,模拟出格网尺度上江苏省2012年人口密度,采用人口集中指数、空间变差函数识别人口分布的空间格局并探讨区别于行政单元尺度的人口格局形成机理.区域层面,江苏省人口空间分异呈现苏北地区"低密度点状"分布,苏南、苏中为"高密度面状"分布并存格局.城镇层面,江苏省人口空间分布结构具有4种类型,H-H型地区人口各向差异性最强,网格单元内随机变异最小;H-L型人口各向差异性最小,网格单元内随机变异较大;L-L型人口轴向均质化特征明显,网格单元随机变异较小;L-H型空间各向差异性较小,网格单元的随机变异最大.结果表明,基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据反演而得到的人口格网模型具有巨大潜力,结合变差函数进行拟合分析可定量地刻画城镇内部人口分布的空间异质性特征.