Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of high resolution CT (HRCT) scan combined with various serum tumor markers in different pathological types of early lung cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 164 patients with early lung cancer (lung cancer group) admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2019 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and 78 healthy people who participated in physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group. There were 94 males and 70 females in the lung cancer group, aged (52.4±3.6) years. Among them, 90 cases were adenocarcinoma, 62 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and 12 cases were small cell carcinoma. All the patients were confirmed by histopathological examination. The serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cyto-keratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were compared between the two groups and different pathological types of patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HRCT scan, five tumor markers and HRCT scan + five tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were calculated based on the results of histopathological examination as the gold standard. The measurement data were compared by two independent samples t-test, and the counting data were compared by Chi-square test. Results:The levels of serum tumor markers in lung cancer group were higher than those in control group ( t=8.107-30.460; all P<0.001). The serum CEA and CA125 levels in patients with adenocarcinoma were higher than those in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma ( t=12.712-4.326; all P<0.001). No significant difference was found in serum CEA and CA125 levels between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and those with small cell carcinoma ( t=1.342, 1.256; both P>0.05). The NSE level in patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was lower than that in patients with small cell carcinoma ( t=10.342-11.534; all P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HRCT scann + five tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were 95.62%, 96.43% and 98.65% respectively, which were higher than any single diagnosis ( χ2=55.823, 48.652, 62.718; all P<0.001). Conclusion:HRCT scan combined with detection of various serum tumor markers can improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of early lung cancer diagnosis, and this method has high clinical value in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate and recognize the molybdenum-rhodium target X-ray mammography charactistics of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) of the breast. Methods All molybdenum-rhodium target X-ray mammography data of 59 patients with histologically proved DCIS were analyzed retrospectively. Imaging findings of ductal carcinoma in situ and its relationship with pathology were analyzed. Results Among the 59 patients, 49 were microcalcifications, 10 were non-calcifications. There was marked difference between the calcification and non-calcification. Conclusion The mammgraphy is a new technique using in the DCIS, and its features is helpful in identifying patients with high-risk DCIS.

<正>乳腺疾病临床常规检查以超声和钼靶X线为主,由于影像表现和诊断的限制,有时容易造成误诊,给患者带来很大痛苦。现就30例乳腺钼靶X线误诊为乳腺癌的良性病例进行回顾性分析,总结经验以提高乳腺疾病影像诊断水平。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:回顾研究北京天坛医院2006～2011年乳腺病理证实为良性病变而钼靶X线误诊为乳腺癌的共计30个病例。

经颅多普勒超声(TCD)作为一种常规检查手段在临床上的应用越来越广泛,但各个医院的检查程序和诊断标准并不统一.因此,国际专家组织结合基础理论研究及临床经验,开始规范TCD的操作方法,统一诊断标准,确定使用范围.第一部分介绍脑血管疾病的频谱TCD检查.颞窗常用于观察大脑中动脉(MCA),大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、颈内动脉C1段(ICA)及前交通动脉(AComA)、后交通动脉(PComA)的侧支循环;眼窗用于观察眼动脉(OA)和ICA虹吸部;枕窗用于观察椎动脉(VA)和基底动脉(BA).尽管Willis环的构成存在显著的个体差异,但完整的诊断性TCD检查还是应该评价双侧的脑动脉,包括:大脑中动脉M2段(深度范围30～40 mm),M1段(深度范围40～65 mm)[大脑中动脉M1段中点的深度位于50 mm处(范围45～55 mm),平均长度约16 mm(范围5～24 mm)],大脑前动脉A1段(深度范围60～75 mm),颈内动脉C1段(60～70 mm),大脑后动脉P1～P2段(平均深度63 mm,范围55～75 mm),前交通动脉(70～80 mm),后交通动脉(58～65 mm),眼动脉(40～50 mm),颈内动脉虹吸部(55～65 mm),椎动脉(40～75 mm),以及基底动脉近端(75～80 mm)、中段(80～90 mm)、远段(90～110 mm).经下颌下窗检测颈段ICA远端(40～60 mm)可以计算VMCR/VICA比值或Lindegaard指数,用于评价蛛网膜下腔出血后血管痉挛的程度.诊断性TCD检查的目的是探查上述动脉节段的特征性频谱,确定动脉血液流动方向,计算脑动脉血流速度和搏动指数.对于频谱多普勒和具有M-模的超声装置来说,建立标准化的检查程序,诸如选择探头的位置、角度和深度及血管的区分等,将有助于该项检查的临床应用和推广.