会阴疝是指腹腔或盆腔脏器经盆腔后直肠侧面结缔组织间隙突至会阴部皮下所形成的局限性突起,突起内容物大多数为肠管和脂肪组织,也可能为膀胱、前列腺等器官.

为了深入推进校企合作、产教融合,通过与全国知名连锁企业"瑞派宠物医院管理股份有限公司"合作,携手打造"贵州农业职业学院——瑞派卓越兽医师"实体订单班.通过校内和校外导师共同整合兽医专业知识和技能,结合岗位需求,依托课程思政、团建和体能训练,培养理论知识扎实、技术技能精湛、综合能力较强、职业素养较高、身体素质过硬的卓越兽医师,实现学校、教师、企业和学生共赢的目标.

"产教融合"背景下职业院校需深化校企合作,健全校企共育学生体系,培养高质量毕业生、企业高端技术人才及"双师型"教师,在此期间订单班应运而生.以贵州农业职业学院"卓越兽医师班"为例,探讨了一种以高职院校动物医学专业为基础的订单班培养模式,详述了该班的产生背景、培养模式和组建实施方式,并分析了该班的特点及前景,以供同行参考.

执业兽医资格是国家认可的准入类职业资格.执业兽医资格考试是行业准入考试,是指评价申请执业兽医资格人员是否具备执业所必需的知识和技能的考试.每年全国通过执业兽医资格考试的比例约为15％.为了提升高职院校的考试通过率,贵州农业职业学院采用了混合式教学方法对学生进行执业兽医资格考试教学培训.结果表明:线上+线下混合式教学充分调动了学生学习的积极性,为学生提供了一个良好的执业兽医资格考试培训平台,极大地提高了执业兽医资格考试的通过率.

成果导向教育(OBE)理念已成为国际教育领域的主流理念.将OBE理念引入《动物药理》课程教学中,针对课程的特点、教学过程中存在的问题,结合现代教学技术,贴合岗位技能需求,设计了课程的教学目标、教学计划、教学方法和考核评价等,实施教学改革与实践,提升了课堂学习效率,取得良好的教学效果.

为培养面向区域发展的较高素养的兽医技术人才,提高兽医专业学生综合素质,现基于"理实一体"提出了新"理实一体"理念,该理念将理论课、实训课与新型网上教学平台、虚拟现实技术结合,可弥补兽医专业应用传统"理实一体"理念的局限性,从而更适合在兽医专业课程中推广应用.

文章结合执业兽医资格考试的需要,介绍了贵州农业职业学院动物医学专业改革课程教学与考核方式的探索,通过实施线上线下混合式教学,改革考核办法,加强平时和期末的理论知识与技能水平考核,促进高职学生通过执业兽医师资格考试,成为1名合格的执业兽医师.

实训模式是指高职院校对学生培养过程中所需要实验和实践活动的安排方式.为探索适合贵州省高职院校畜牧兽医专业发展的实训模式,笔者对贵州省高职畜牧兽医专业实训现状、行业人才需求、主要实训模式等进行了对比分析,初步提出多阶段"工学交替"辅以"订单培养"的实训模式促进高职畜牧兽医专业的发展.

为了评估高分子替血白蛋白(Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and sodium chloride injection,HES)注射液对犬失血性休克的治疗效果,试验对比了用药中、用药后1小时时血压的变化以及用药前后血常规指标、生化指标、电解质指标变化,分析了高分子替血白蛋白注射液和0.9％氯化钠注射液两种药物对12只贵阳本地健康犬的疗效.结果 表明:犬静脉滴注高分子替血白蛋白注射液15分钟时平均动脉压(MAP)开始显著上升(P＜0.05);用药后5分钟时平均动脉压、60分钟时收缩压(SP)、40分钟时舒张压(DP)极显著升高(P＜0.01);在不同时间段,血红蛋白(HGB)含量、血细胞比容(HCT)、红细胞(RBC)数、血小板(PLT)数显著或极显著上升(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);失血性休克犬可视黏膜呈粉红色,治疗后第2天患犬精神状态较好,未继续治疗而康复.说明高分子替血白蛋白注射液能持续上升休克犬的平均动脉压、收缩压、舒张压,快速恢复休克犬的血细胞比容,改善缺血状态,扩容效果稳定,对犬失血性休克疗效极显著.

根据《动物药理》教材中知识面广、药品数量多、难记忆的特点,开设1～3次病例分析课,通过蓝墨云班课平台及时发布病例和针对病例的测试题,采用病例分析法、分组讨论法、任务驱动法、专家在线答疑法提高学生的学习积极性,使学生能更好地记住兽医临床常用药物,同时也能提升教师的教学能力和教学效果.

在国家执业兽医资格考试的背景下,为了适应符合国家职业教育改革和动物医学专业人才执业化的发展需求,提高教学质量,以蓝墨云班课为教学平台,将智能手机应用于动物医学专业核心课程《动物药理》的移动教学中,与传统教学方式进行比较.结果:使用移动教学班级的平均分显著高于使用传统教学的班级(P<0.05),教学方式与学生的及格率、优良率有显著相关性.结果表明:移动教学能提升学生的学习积极性,提高学生对知识的掌握程度.

1998年L.MARTINEZ-MARTINEZ等[1]报道了质粒pMG252可使细菌对氟喹诺酮药的耐药水平提高,并将该喹诺酮类耐药基因命名为qnr基因.近年的研究结果表明,质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药性是喹诺酮类药物耐药机制的重要组成部分,它主要包括:qnr机制,乙酰基转移酶aac(6')-Ib-cr修饰喹诺酮类药物的耐药机制以及qepA介导的主动外排机制[2].

目前很多畜牧兽医院校开设了动物医院,其目的是为了提高畜牧兽医专业的学生兽医临床诊疗技术能力,发挥教师技术特长,服务社会,保障宠物业的健康发展.现将畜牧兽医院校动物医院各运营模式的优缺点及改进方法介绍如下,供参考.

To investigate the antibiotic resistance of E.Coli isolated from swine, chicken and environment in Guiyang City, 420 feces samples were collected and 300 E.Coli strains were isolated and identified.The MIC values of the 300 E.Coli strains to 10 antibiotics were measured with the method of solid agar dilution.The Mean drug resistance multiple, antibiotic sensitive rate, antibiotic resistance rate of the 300 E.Coli strains were also analyzed.The results showed that the resistance levels of all strains to 10 antibiotics were quite high.Except the resistance rates to gentamicin, which was about 50%, the resistance rates of the 300 isolated strains to oxytetracycline and florfenicol were over 80%, to streptomycin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin and sulfadiazine were over 70%, toenrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were over 60%,.All of the 300 E.Coli strains were multiple-antibiotic-resistant, which mainly concentrated in 5-10 resistance.The resistance situation of E.Coli isolated from swine, chicken and environment in Guiyang City was considerable serious.

由于临床不合理用药,喹诺酮耐药菌株逐年增加,而且多重耐药菌株也越来越多,这给临床用药和新药开发带来了较大的困难,尤其是在临床分离菌株中出现质粒介导的喹喏酮耐药(PMQR)机制,使喹喏酮耐药性在人类、动物病原菌之间迅速传播成为可能。文章对大肠杆菌PMQR机制进行综述,以便对耐药分子机制的了解和控制耐药菌株的传播。

The pollutions of five kinds of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in retail chicken in Guiyang city were investigated.The results show that the total detection rates of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in 50 retail chicken samples was 48%,among which,the detection rates of Campylobacter jejuni,salmonella,staphylococcus aureus,Shigella in 50 retail chicken samples were 24.0%,22.0%,6.0%,2.0% respectively,and no Listeria monocytogene was determined.The detection rates of frozen chicken and fresh chicken were 55% and 20%,respectively.The detection rate of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in 34 frozen chicken samples in open warket was 58.8%,among which,the detection rates of Campylobacter jejuni,salmonella,staphylococcus aureus,Shigella were 32.3%,17.6%,5.9% 2.9%,0 respectively.The detection rate of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in six frozen chicken samples that were sold in supermarket was 33.3%,among which,the detection rates of Campylobacter jejuni,salmonella,staphylococcus aureus,Shigella in six samples were 0,16.7%,16.7%,0,0,respectively.

To investigate the antibiotic resistance of E.coli isolated from pig and chicken in Guiyang City,a total of 105 feces samples were collected and 96 E.coli strains were isolated and indentified from all samples.The MIC values of the 96 strains to 10 antibiotics were measured with the method of solid agar dilution.Result demonstrated that the resistance to florfenicol,ceftiofur sodium,oxytetracycline,amoxycillin,streptomycin,sulfsdiazine soditim,enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,kanamyci,and gentamicin were 88.5%,83.4%,82.3%,79.2%,76.0%,75.0%,71.9%,63.6%,61.4%,53.2%,respectively.Most of the 96 strains were multiple-antibiotic-resistant,the resistant spectrum range from two to 10 antibiotics.Therefore,the resistance situation to antibiotics of E.coli in famers' pig and chicken is considerable severe in Guiyang City.

To test the anesthetic effect of emulsified eugenol to Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, eugenol was emulsified with Tween 80, Span 80, ethanol and water. Then the start time, time length of anesthesia and LD50 of emulsified eugenol to Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus was determined contrastively with alcoholic eugenol. Results showed that the start time of anesthesia of emulsified eugenol was longer than these of alcoholic eugenol under the same concentration of eugenol. The time length and LD50 of anesthesia of emulsified eugenol were five times longer and 2.15 times large respectively than that of alcoholic eugenol. So, the anesthetic effect of emulsified eugenol on Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus was slower, gentler, longer and safer than alcoholic eugenol. It was more proper to be applied for fish farming than alcoholic eugenol as a fish anesthetic agent.

To investigate the effects of andrographolide on the respiratory tract immune functions of mice,the pneumonia model mice were treated with different dosages of andrographolide(100 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 200 mg·kg-1·d-1) by peritoneal injection.Seven days later,the immunity relation indexes of pneumonia model mice were tested.The result showed that compared with the normal saline group,the thymus index,the spleen index,the contents of secretory immunoglobulin A and interferon-γ in the mice BALF of high andrographolide dosage group decreased significantly(p0.01).The phagotrophic rate of macrophages in BALF of high andrographolide dosage group increased significantly(p0.01).It indicated that the macrophages phagocytosis of pneumonia model mice enhanced and the growth of immunity organs,the secretion of sIg A and the IFN-γ were significantly inhibited by andrographolide.

穿心莲为爵床科穿心莲属植物,具有清热解毒、凉血消肿等作用,人医临床常用于呼吸道感染和肠道感染的治疗.在兽医领域,穿心莲制剂常作为替代抗生素的中药材,广泛用于动物保健、疾病防治及免疫调节等方面[1-3].目前,对穿心莲内酯的研究主要集中在抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒机理及临床疗效等方面[4-6],而对呼吸道非特异性免疫方面的研究少见报道.本试验应用穿心莲内酯对细菌性肺炎模型小鼠进行治疗,观察其对小鼠呼吸道非特异性免疫的影响,探索穿心莲对治疗呼吸系统疾病的作用机理.