随着发动机技术的进步,对发动机油的要求越来越高,运用FMEA指导发动机油的失效分析.对于潜在的故障分析及预防故障发生,要分析发动机润滑系统的机制、润滑油对发动机的保护机制、换油方式的影响,关注润滑系工作的有效性.从润滑油的功能、发动机油失效的危害、发动机油的适用性等方面分析发动机油对发动机的保护机制.从发动机油的质量变化原因、发动机油失效模式、发动机油失效原因等方面分析发动机油的失效.综合判断发动机油的有效性,运用因果关系图分析发动机油失效模式,全面分析发动机油失效的原因.

新经济常态下国内品牌在高端润滑油市场将对外资品牌存在一定的市场替代关系.用模糊评价方法分析润滑油客户从润滑油企业的产品和服务中得到的需求满足.经过模糊综合运算后评判润滑油企业从客户的购买中所实现的企业收益.润滑油公司对客户实施差异化管理,可以用帕累托模型判断最重要的客户,用四象限法判断最大的客户,用RFM模型判断客户价值.对润滑油客户的价值管理以实现客户价值的持续贡献为目标,运用顾客价值取向做战略选择,用客户价值指导市场营销全过程.

5GAP分析是一种直接有效的工具,它可以发现服务提供者与客户对服务观念存在的差距.明确这些差距是制定战略、战术以及保证期望质量和现实质量一致的理论基础.运用5GAP模型对润滑油技术服务进行研究,通过评价客户感知服务质量的五个基本方面:可靠性、响应性、安全性、移情形和有形性,研究润滑油技术服务质量的形成.通过客户感知服务质量的分析,研究润滑油技术服务的技术质量与功能质量,期望质量与经验质量.通过对5个差距的原因分析,提出提高润滑油技术服务质量的方法建议.

With the rapid development of the times, there is a certain lag in the two-dimensional design technology, which has been unable to meet the progress requirements of the design institute and business entrepreneur. Accordingly, using the three-dimensional software design technology becomes the core of future design. With the independent database technology and powerful graphics processing function,a lot of data analysis for complex engineering projects can be carried out by PDMS software. Not only that, the related documents and all kinds of professional drawings for different majors all can be generated and 3D space collision interference check can be completed by PDMS software. Therefore, using PDMS software into the design work not only improves the accuracy and scientificalness of the industrial design,but also reduces the unnecessary collision problems and changes in the construction phase, and improves economic efficiency and competitiveness of the design institute. In this paper, by combining the basic functions and characteristics of PDMS software, application of PDMS software in the design of chemical pipeline was illustrated by taking modules as a unit and taking practical projects as an example.

介绍了我国近年来进口基础油市场的现状及特点,分析了国内主要进口基础油来源及主要流向,对近年来基础油进口贸易国、贸易关口、贸易商进行了详细分析,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望.

大众汽车公司(VW)是进入中国市场最早的外资汽车公司之一,其在中国销售车型最多,汽车销售量和保有量多年保持第一的位置.2012年,VW在中国轿车市场的销售量高达2.16 × 106辆,创历史新高. 德国VW目前在中国有2家合资公司,即上海大众和一汽大众.其中: ◇上海大众基于VW、斯柯达两大品牌,目前拥有帕萨特、波罗、途安、LAVIDA朗逸、TIGUAN途观和Octavia明锐、Fabia晶锐、Superb吴锐等十大系列产品,覆盖A0级、A级、B级、SUV等不同细分市场; ◇一汽大众品牌包括捷达、宝来、高尔夫、速腾、迈腾、CC、奥迪A4L、奥迪A6L和奥迪Q5系列轿车,是国内成熟的A、B、C全系列乘用车生产制造基地.

在欧洲轿车OEM(原始设备制造商)发动机油规格中,奔驰规格具有很大的影响力.而ACEA(欧洲汽车制造商协会)制定的轻负荷发动机油规格主要使用奔驰、大众和PSA(标致雪铁龙)开发的发动机试验,并引入美国API(美国石油学会)的发动机试验.以ACEA早期规格ACEA 1998为例[1],其轻负荷发动机油规格引入美国当时的API SJ汽油机油规格所用的发动机程序ⅢE、VE以及欧洲轿车OEM的发动机试验,包括:PSA的TU3MH测定汽油机油的高温清净性试验、TU3MS测定汽油机油阀系磨损性能试验、XUD11BTE测定轿车柴油机油中温分散性试验;大众的VWICTD测定B1、B2、B3轿车柴油机油清净性试验、VWTDI测定B4轿车柴油机油清净性试验;奔驰的M111SL测定轿车汽油机油黑油泥分散性试验、M111FE测定轿车汽油机油燃料经济性试验、OM602A测定柴油机油磨损性能试验.

Dexos is introduced in this paper.It is the lubricant specification for light-duty vehicle engine service fills,includes Dexos 1 and Dexos 2,and was developed by General Motors Corporation in 2009.Dexos 1 has been applied on gasoline engine car produced after 2011 on a global scale except Europe,while Dexos 2 on both gasoline car and diesel car produced since 2010 in Europe.The Physical and chemical indexes and engine tests of Dexos come from the latest API/ILSAC GF-5 in America,ACEA C3-2007 in Europe,and GM＇ s own engine tests.By comparing performance indexes of Dexos 1 and API/ILSAC GF-5,Dexos 2 and ACEA C,the differences among them have been found in this paper.And the cost and effect of Dexos 1 on API lubricant specifications have also been analyzed.