生物农药在植物保护工作中日益受到重视.绿僵菌是重要的昆虫病原真菌,作为真菌杀虫剂已被成功应用于蝗虫、金龟子、象甲等多种害虫的田间防治.近40年来,已有83个绿僵菌产品在13个国家或地区获得注册,制剂研究与加工技术方面取得了新进展,可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂等传统剂型质量得到改善,超低容量剂、浸渍剂等新剂型可适应特殊应用环境,产品的防治对象涵盖范围更广.本文就国内外绿僵菌产品注册登记情况、制剂类型特性及制剂技术的载体、助剂和加工过程等主要因素进行综述,以期为我国真菌生物农药的科研、应用及产业发展提供基础依据.

Only by fully understanding the development of Calliptamus italicus( L.) can outbreaks of this pest be predicted and prevented. Winter developmental threshold temperature( DTT) and effective accumulated temperature( EAT) were determined at constant temperatures. The results show that-20℃ was the critical temperature with regard to hatching. The DTTs of the C. italicus eggs,larvae,adult females,adult males and an entire generation of females and males were 8. 62,16. 12,17. 07,17. 82,15. 02 and 16. 27℃ respectively and the respective EATs of these life-stages were 249. 84,397. 46,377. 9,323. 78,1 053. 82 degree-day and 931. 53 degree-day. Growth rates increased with temperature. Adult female and male body weights were heaviest at 33℃.

The factors of carriers,accelerant additives and water addition were the key factors in granule formulation processing of Metarhizium anisopliae.After study the influence of these factors on conidial viability,we found that ten examined carriers had no significantly negative effects on conidial germination.Of these,on the contrary,the calcium bentonite,kaolin,pulvistalci,floridin and light calcium carbonate could improve the shelf-life of fungal conidia.Two types of accelerant agents,i.e.,trehalose and tyrosine,could significantly improve the conidia germination with varying rates at 15.12%-24.88% and 15.06%-29.67%,respectively.The effects of water addition on granulation ratio and granulation temperature were obviously correlated.By regression analyses,the suitable addition of water was optimized for reaching more than 90% granulation ratio and obtaining corresponding granulation temperature.The suitable additional quantity of water and suitable granulation temperature for calcium bentonite were 19.1%-25.0% and 50.2-54.5℃,for kaolin 35.0%40.0% and 55.1-56.2℃,for pulvistalci 27.2%-40.0% and 50.4-51.1℃,for floridin 18.3%-25.0% and 51.3-53.6℃ and for light calcium carbonate 40.8%-45.0% and 49.7-56.1℃,respectively.The shelf-life of formulated conidia could be effectively prolonged during storage.

Impacts of eighteen low-toxicity commercial chemical pesticides on conidial germination,mycelial growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae,an entomopathogenic fungus as biocontrol agent,were tested to evaluate compatibility between the fungus and the pesticides.Results showed that the tested insecticides,plant growth regulators and herbicides were more compatible with the fungus than the tested germicides.Among them,deltamethrin showed the highest compatibility with the fungus.Even at ten times of recommended concentration,it had no inhibition on conidial germination and only inhibited mycelial growth by 25.13% and sporulation by 38.63%.Lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate demonstrated moderate compatibility with the fungus.Their inhibition rates on conidial germination were about 30%,but no inhibition on mycelial growth at the recommended concentration.Deltamethrin,acetamiprid,imidacloprid,metalaxyl,trifluralin,abamectin,trichlorphon,chlorpyrifos and bordeaux mixture showed lower compatibility with the fungus,while chlormequa,pyridaben,carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl,mancozeb and triadimefon were hardly compatible with the fungus.