为探究介电弹性体发电机发电量与其拉伸变形的关系,采用单轴、纯剪切与双轴3种拉伸模式进行介电弹性体发电机发电性能的实验研究.分析了介电弹性体发电机在3种拉伸模式下电压、电容、电极涂覆面积与拉伸率的关系,实验研究了3种拉伸模式下介电弹性体发电机输出电压、实际产生电能、拉力与其变形量的关系及介电弹性体的破裂极限.实验和研究结果表明,双轴拉伸模式下介电弹性体的破裂极限最大,在面积变换率大于4倍时电能出现大幅度提升,可实现介电弹性体的能量密度最大化.

Dielectric elastomer (DE are a kind of novel smart materials that exhibit change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field,based on Maxwell's effect.To study the power generation characteristics of dielectric elastomer transducer in pure shear tensile,dielectric elastomer roll transducer with prestretch properties was made by spring and the electromechanical coupling mode of dielectric elastomer transducer in pure shear tensile was established based on the Neo-Hooken model,and the corresponding simulation model was set up in Matlab/Simulink environment.The simulation research of the power generation characteristics of dielectric elastomer transducer and the influence of different spring coefficients on its generation characteristics were carried out.The experimental research was done by making dielectric elastomer roll transducer,and compared with the simulation results.The simulation and test results showed that the power characteristics of dielectric elastomer roll transducer were higher than those of the general tensile mode transducer.Under the same condition of tensile mode,initial voltage and the prestretch limitations,the power characteristic was increased with the increase of elastic coefficient.The above results about dielectric elastomer roll transducer provided theoretical reference for applications of dielectric elastomer generators in the field of vibration energy harvesting in the future.

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of micro energy harvesting,three typical generators were studied and their equivalent circuits were analyzed.The working principles,advantages and disadvantages and energy conversion efficiency of three energy harvesting devices were discussed.Typical energy storage devices were compared.The results showed that the energy harvesting circuit with control unit was the most effective one,supercapacitor and lithium battery were suitable for micro energy harvesting system.Based on the analyses,some advises were proposed for the micro energy harvesting technology and energy storage devices.Combining the energy harvesting circuits with control unit and combined form of energy storage system would be one of the directions for further research on the efficiency of micro energy harvesting system.

针对目前波浪能发电成本高、结构复杂、能量转换效率低等问题,对波浪能发电的基本原理、新型发电装置及相关新技术进行了研究.具体对直线电磁型、压电型和电活性聚合物型波浪能发电装置进行了总结和分析,探究了点吸式、振荡水柱式、振荡摇摆式和筏式等波浪能捕获装置的工作原理、优缺点、适用场合和应用前景,特别对新型的波浪能发电技术—介电弹性体发电机进行了分析和探究;同时对波浪能发电技术的进一步发展提出了建议.研究结果表明,对比其他方式的波浪能捕获装置,基于介电弹性体的波浪能装置发电成本更低,结构更加简单,能量转换效率更高.

针对目前介电弹性体材料的相关研究进展及存在的问题,在分析介电弹性体特性的基础上,根据其不同种类,研究了硅橡胶、聚氨酯、丙烯酸等材料及复合材料的性质及制备方法;根据介电弹性体的不同用途,分析了近些年其在发电、仿生学、生物医学、光学器件、微系统、航天航空方面的具体应用及其未来发展趋势,并总结了介电弹性体在未来应用中存在薄膜制备、柔性电极材料覆盖绝缘、偏置高压电源限制、降低能量损耗和提高机电转换效率等相关问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的建议及未来发展思路.研究结果表明,介电弹性体具有很广阔的应用前景,但是目前还存在很多技术难点,在弹性体基体材料构成、柔性电极材料优化、自偏置发电、效率优化等方面还要进行更为深入的研究.

In order to detect the electrothermal heating tube internal electrothermal film resistance and the relationship between the two electrode gap, this thesis used design using a testing equipment: The two ends of the measurement period from two electrodes, and the probe spacing can be adjusted ; The two measuring points into hair heat pipe internal contact with the resistive film, using the bleeder circuit, the indirect measuring resistance membrane resistance and the relationship between the two measuring points spacing; then analyze the measurement data, the relationship between the two electrode gap and electrothermal film resistance. The use of such equipment, the measured data, we can analyze the electrothermal film heating pipe internal heating membrane resistance and two measurement of the end head distance is linear change. The linear relationship between the use of electrothermal film heating tube internal electrothermal membrane resistance, can estimate the range of internal electric heating film heating pipe resistance from two the distance between the electrodes, get the change range of heating tube power.

This thesis uses a kind of detection method: The two ends of the measurement period from two electrodes, and the probe spacing can be adjusted. Two measuring end head into the interior with electric heat pipe membrane contact ,used the voltage dividing circuit,relations indirect detection of electric resistance film ends with the two measuring pitch. Then the measured data analysis, obtains the relationship between the two electrode spacing and the electrothermal membrane resistance. Make this thought method may not be used to measure the electric heating film resistance, become a simple and practical method for measuring the electric heating film resistance. Using this method, the measured data can be analyzed, indirectly electrothermal film heating pipe internal resistance value and the two measurement of the end head distance is linear change. The linear relationship between the use of electrothermal film heating tube internal electric heating film resistance, the resistance can be estimated from the distance between the two electrodes, get the change range of heating tube power.

In order to solve a kind of electric heating pipe electrode production and power adjustable, designed a kind of adjustable power of electric heating pipe electrode preparation equipment.The equipment is mainly used to test technology, PLC control technology and coating technology.First, selected on the basis of the PLC,the mechanism design, design the hardware control circuit, finally a port of the PLC wiring design.The results show that compared with the traditional production compared to heat pipe machine, the device not only high production efficiency and quality index, but also can produce many kinds of products[1].

According to the difficulties encountered polishing Non-circular busbar axisymmetrical workpiece, analysis of Non-circular busbar axisymmetrical workpiece polishing requirements, proposes a new model of flexible polishing machine. Then according to the control precision and the developing cost into consideration, determine the "PC+ motion control card" as a form of structure of control system for polishing machine. In this paper, through the analysis of the polishing machine model, established the polishing machine control functions and tasks of each part, formulated the overall hardware frame of polishing machine control system. Then accrod of the polishing function in the program, using vc++6.0 development of form a complete set of application software. In the process of software development, The polishing machine control system operation platform for Windows xp, Using the object-oriented and modularized programming technique, designed and developed Man-machine interface, the initialization module, status display module, parameters setting module, operation module, fault diagnosis module and so on, each part is independent and interrelated, and through calling the dynamic link library, to control the GT400SV motion control card directly.

To better understand the different performances between the stamping/welding and foundry hydrodynamic torque converters and their contributing causes,two types of hydraulic torque converters are designed on the basis of the same cascade angle and round loop.The internal and external flow characteristics and performances can be figured out by using CFD method to simulate the internal flow field of the hydrodynamic torque converter.The performance comparison between the welding and foundry hydrodynamic torque converters is also done by the calculation and in-depth analysis of the simulation results.

In the design process of gauge visual detection system between high signals and contact net, it is need to do target positioning and segmentation between high signals and contact line. The paper first analyzes the structural characteristics of high signals and contact line, and then uses the Sobel operator for edge detection, and uses first close and then open of image morphological operations for edge treatment, finally uses Hough transform for line and circle detection to extract the object's edge. This positioning and segmentation of target object would be achieved.

t is need to experiment to verify the correctness and validity of various stages in system design after gauge visual detection system designing between high signals and contact net. Then it does error analysis from lighting conditions, camera resolution, binocular imaging system installation structure, camera out of synchronized, noise and subsequent image processing operations, etc. It analysis the systematic errors principle and specific impact, then identifies specific improvements.

The primary parameter of the track circuit is often the test data in the maintenance of the signal, is the important basis for designing equipment of track circuit and is the basic parameter of track circuit parameter, primary parameter of track circuit can be used for rail simulation experiment of track circuit parameters, analysis of rail leakage and calculation of track circuit. This paper studies the primary parameter of track circuit test method, the result can be used for calculation track circuit parameter.In the practical application, primary parameter of track circuit test can have positive significance in the division of track circuit district and the adjustment of working state.

Prestrain affects the performance of dielectric elastomer actuators so much that rare actuators is used before pre-stretching. In this article, the author made a series of circular actuators with acrylic VHB4910 and graphite mixture electrodes, and performed contrast experiments, under non-prestrain, uniaxial prestrain and equibiaxial prestrain, respectively, to figure out the changing of area strain against prestrain. Result of experiment indicates that the film actuator obtains the highest output strain while applying equibiaxial prestrain. An optimum prestrain ratio of actuators, in this research, occurs between 150%similar to 200% under equibiaxial prestrain condition. This result has practical value in the future design and use of dielectric elastomer actuators.

E-ACE material membrane drive is studied. Firstly, the three existed strain energy function model are analysised by theroy under uniaxial tension and biaxial tension, then building model and simulation study for it with ANSYS software to compare to experimental results. The result indicate that their curve are almost same.

提出一种扁平化无内环液力变矩器,研究不同扁平率和有无内环对其性能的影响。采用基于椭圆的扁平循环圆设计方法,设计3种不同扁平率的无内环循环圆且叶形为空间扭曲的扁平化液力变矩器。利用CFD软件对不同扁平率的无内环变矩器进行数值模拟,分析了内部流场的压力和速度分布,得到了扁平率和有无内环对变矩器流场和性能的影响规律。

随着科学技术的发展,传统的人工目测高柱信号机与接触网间接近限界测量方法,已经不能满足快速、高效的现代铁路系统。铁路检测正朝着自动化,无人化,智能化的方向发展.为适应这一变化,结合高柱信号机接近限界的实际情况,开发出一种视觉检测系统。本文介绍了检测系统的软件设计部分,实现检测系统的数据结果存储,查询等功能,方便用户操作与管理。

The gauge detection between high signal and contact net is an important part in railway safety production. According to the detection nature, this paper designed a visual detection system to solve the problem of gauge detection between high signal and contact net. Using template matching method to break up the gray target image, and using discovering turning point method to rebuild target in space. Then according to the principle, it prepared detection system based on VC++2008 and OpenCV. The experiment results showed that: measurement error was within +/- 15mm, when detection distance was arrange from 45.0m to 55.0m. Detection system which had high accuracy and good reliability, met system design requirements.

By researching on the main factors affecting the active zone area strain of electroactive dielectric elastomers, the suitable conditions of area strain for the material in the application as artificial muscles actuator was determined. In the experiments, the strain characteristics of the material was investigated under uniaxial pre-stretching, uniform biaxial pre-stretching and non-uniform biaxial pre-stretching respectively. In addition, the strain rates of the materials active zone under different ratio of the active zone to the window radius of the materials were investigated. The experimental results show that the area strain of active zone would have inflexion under any pre-stretching condition, and the area strain increased with applied voltage increasing, decreased with the ratio of the active zone to the window radius increasing. It could be found that the strain conditions have an important influence on the area strain of the active zone.

Study on the preparation processing of E-ACE. By experimental methods, the conductivity, the mechanical flexibility of the electrode material and the thickness of the acrylic polymers were studied respectively. Experimental results show that the conductivity of electrode material have an impact on the performance of E-ACE, E-ACE performance is enhanced with the increasing of conductivity of the electrode material. Mechanical flexibility of Electrode materials and thickness of acrylic polymer have significantly impact on the performance of E-ACE, E-ACE performance is enhanced with the decreasing of mechanical flexibility of electrode material, and E-ACE performance is also enhanced with the decreasing of the thickness of acrylic polymers.