Objective:To investigate the role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the prognosis of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) after operation.Method..Clinical data of 37 patients with PSCC who underwent operation in the department of urology,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.The association between NLR and clinicopathological features was analyzed.The difference of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between two groups were compared.The survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.Independent risk factor.analysis was conducted using Cox proportional-hazards regression model.Result:There was significant difference in the age and lymph node metastasis between the high (NLR≥2.3) and low (NLR＜2.3) groups (P=0.04,P=0.008).Univariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P＜0.001 and P＜0.001),distant metastases (P--0.002 and P=0.002),pathological stage (P＜0.001 and P＜0.001) and NLR (P＜0.001,P=0.022) were significantly associated with PFS and OS,respectively.Multivariate analysis verified lymph node metastasis,pathological stage,and NLR to be independent prognostic factors for PFS (P=0.001,P=0.021,P=0.033).Conclusion:The preoperative NLR is an independent risk factor for influencing the prognosis of patients with PSCC.Patiems with preoperative NLR≥2.3 have poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the value of preoperative fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet (PLT) count in assessing the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 140 patients with non-metastatic UUTUC who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2011.Clinicopathological features were compared between patients with different preoperative FIB levels and PLTs.Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test,and risk factor analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results There was only a significant difference in pathological staging between low-FIB group (＜4.0 g/L) and high FIB group (≥4.0 g/L) (x2 =7.241,P＜0.01).However,there was no significant difference in each clinicopathological feature between high-PLT group and Iow-PLT group (P ＞0.05).There were significant differences in cancerspecific survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate between low-FIB group and high-FIB group (x2 =8.19,7.162;P ＜ 0.05).Pathological staging and preoperative FIB were independent risk factors for cancer-specific survival (HR =13.097 and 0.429,both P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative FIB is an independent risk factor for cancer-specific survival in patients with UUTUC.Patients with high preoperative FIB levels (≥4.0 g/L) have poor prognosis.Preoperative PLT has no significant effect on the prognosis of patients with UUTUC.

Objective To assess the value of preoperative peripheral blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC).Methods Clinical data of 105 patients with UUTUC treated by surgery were retrospectively reviewed.The association of NLR with clinicopathological features was analyzed.The differences in cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate between high-NLR and lowNLR groups were compared.A survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.An independent risk factor analysis was conducted using Cox proportional-hazards regression model.Results Pathological T staging was higher in patients with high preoperative NLR (NLR ≥1.90) than that in patients with low NLR (NLR＜1.90),the difference was significant (x2=8.181,P ＜0.05).In low N LR group,the CSS and RFS rates were higher than that in the high-NLR group (x2 =11.591,18.205;P＜0.05).Pathological T staging and preoperative NLR were the independent risk factors for CSS and RFS (OR =0.095-0.266,P＜0.05).Conclusion The preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma,it can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with this malignancy.The prognosis of patients with preoperative NLR ≥1.90 is poor.

目的:探讨血脂异常与上尿路结石发病风险的相关性.方法:回顾性分析2013年1月～2015年10月于青大附院泌尿外科住院的700例(男415例,女285例)上尿路结石患者的临床资料,按照年龄和性别配对,以1∶2配比选取同时期在青大附院健康查体中心进行体检的1400位健康人作为对照组.收集两组人群年龄、性别、身高、体重、高血压病史、糖尿病史和血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)、尿酸(UA)等数据.应用Cox比例风险回归模型分析血脂异常与上尿路结石发病风险的相关性.结果:结石组中超重、高血压、糖尿病、尿酸水平及各血脂成分所占比例均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).在调整了超重、高血压、糖尿病、UA水平等因素后,Cox比例风险回归分析表明低HDL-c血症(HR=2.039,95％CI:1.583～2.627,P＜0.05)和高LDL-c血症(HR:1.556,95％CI:1.205～2.009,P＜0.05)与上尿路结石的发生显著相关.结论:上尿路结石患者中血脂异常的比例显著高于对照组,尿路结石的发生与血脂异常显著相关,低HDL-c血症和高LDL-c血症可能是上尿路结石患者发病的独立危险因素.

目的 比较达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(RANSS)与后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(RLNSS)治疗局限性肾肿瘤的效果,探讨RANSS的临床应用价值.方法 选取青岛大学附属医院泌尿外科2014年7月至2015年10月收治的行保留肾单位手术的肾肿瘤患者40例,根据手术方式的不同分为RANSS组(n=18)和RLNSS组(n=22).对两组患者的手术时间、热缺血时间(WIT)、术中出血量、术后引流量、肠道通气时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症等各项临床指标进行统计分析.结果 RANSS组和RLNSS组的WIT、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后住院时间分别为(25.56±5.11) min和(27.73±4.29) min、(69.44±40.94)mL和(166.36±56.45)mL、(79.72±32.79)mL和(126.86±79.14)mL、(7.17±0.79)d和(7.64±1.81)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 RANSS是安全、高效治疗局限性肾肿瘤的微创术式.

目的:探讨体质指数(body mass index,BMI)对后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的手术操作及术后恢复情况的影响.方法:回顾性分析2012年1月～2014年7月于我院行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术患者的临床资料,按BMI分为两组:非肥胖组(BMl＜25 kg/m2)43例,超重组(BMI≥25 kg/m2)57例,分别比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中肾脏缺血时间、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后住院天数、留置引流管时间、引流量,并发症发生等情况.结果:100例行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术患者中,超重组肿瘤直径1.0～6 cm,非肥胖组肿瘤直径0.5～4 cm,两组患者术后引流量、引流管留置天数、术后住院天数及术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组手术时间分别为(151.7±48.8)min和(131.3±32.2)min,肾脏热缺血时间分别为(23.5±4.8)min和(21.3±4.7)min,术中出血量分别为(87.9±134.1)ml和(51.6±55.3)ml,手术前后血红蛋白差值分别为(17.8±16.5)g/L和(12.8±9.6)g/L,超重组指标均高于非肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对于行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的患者,BM1的增加将增加手术时间、术中出血量及术中肾脏热缺血时间,而对于术后的恢复及并发症的发生情况并无明显影响.

目的:探讨T1a期肾肿瘤患者肾部分切除术后良性组织学结果的相关预测因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月～2014年10月于青岛大学附属医院接受肾部分切除术的140例T1a期肾肿瘤患者的临床及影像学资料,并行R.E.N.A.L解剖学评分,比较年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、肿瘤侧别、临床症状、R.E.N.A.L评分等因素在术后良恶性病理结果中的差异,应用Logistic回归分析模型探讨相关因素与T1a期肾肿瘤良性组织学结果的关系.结果:140例患者中,良性病变12例(8.6％),其中7例(58.3％)为男性,5例(41.7％)为女性.良性病变患者平均年龄及BMI均明显小于恶性病变患者,解剖学因素中仅E评分在良恶性之问的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.155;95％CI:1.041～1.281;P=0.006)、BMI(OR=1.509;95％CI:1.118～2.037;P=0.007)以及E=1分(OR=0.017;95％CI:0.001～0.585;P=0.024)是术后良性组织学结果的独立预测因素.结论:本研究结果表明,年龄、BMI及肿瘤外生型生长足T1.期肾肿瘤术后良性组织学结果的独立预测因素.

现阶段，诚信已经成为组织与个人需要十分重视的问题，本文通过分析企业中人力资源管理的诚信现状与诚信问题，从宏观角度提出了如何有效解决企业人力资源管理的诚信危机，提高企业诚信认知水平，培养企业诚信的道德品质，进而建立合理的诚信人力资源管理体系。

Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensinogen(AGT) gene M235T polymorphism on pulse pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Methods A physical examination was conducted for residents in four communities in Qingdao city proper,of whom,236 individuals with this hypertension were screened from Han people,who were either newly identified or not medicated lately.The M235T mutation was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results The pulse pressure of the subjects with MM,MT and TT genetypes of AGT gene M235T was(8.99±1.89),(8.64±2.31),and(8.23±2.19) kPa,respectively.After adjusting the gender,age,smoking,alcohol drinking,body mass index,serum lipid level with covariance analysis,there were significant differences in pulse pressures among the three genetypes(F=3.73,P0.05),the adjusted mean of pulse pressure with MM genotype was significantly higher than that with TT genetype(P=0.009).Conclusion There is a correlation between AGT gene M235T polymorphism and pulse pressure in essential hypertension.MM genotype may be a risk factor of increased pulse pressure in patients with this condition.

Objective To investigate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) gene G8790A polymorphism with essential hypertension(EH) in community populations.Methods Totally 236 patients screened from four communities of Qingdao and 241 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study.The polymorphisms of G8790A in ACE2 gene were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust the effects of confounding factors.Results The frequency of G allele of ACE2 gene was 71.30% in EH group and 58.82% in control group in male subjects respectively(χ2=3.288,P=0.070),and 55.86% in EH group and 45.19% in control group in female subjects(χ2=6.400,P=0.011)respectively.For the females,the frequencies of genetypes were as follows:AA 19.53%,AG 49.22%,and GG 31.25% in EH group,and AA 33.33%,AG 49.22%,and GG 23.72% in control group(χ2=7.015,P=0.030).The subjects with AG or GG genotype had significantly higher risk for EH than that with AA genotype(OR=1.99,P=0.022;OR=2.25,P=0.015).After having been adjusted by logistic regression for age,body mass index(BMI),smoking,and alcohol use,total cholesterol,and triglyceride,the male subjects with G allele had significantly higher risk for EH than those with allele A(OR=2.09,P=0.038),and the female subjects with GG genotype had significantly higher risk for EH than those with AA genotypes(OR=2.69,P=0.015).Conclusion The ACE2 gene G8790A polymorphism may be associated with essential hypertension.Male populations with G allele and female populations with GG genotype may have higher risk of essential hypertension.

Objective To analyze the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene I/D mutation,overweight and the interaction between the two factors on essential hypertension. Methods Ninety-one patients without taking anti-hypertension medication and 109 normotension controls were randomly recruited from three communities in Qingdao city.ACE gene I/D mutation was analysed using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP).An additive model was used to analyze the interaction between ACE gene I/D mutation and overweight. Results After adjusting the age,sex,triglyceride level and waist to hip ratio by multiple factor logistic regression,attributable interaction was 2.94;attributable interaction percentage was 25.39%;pure attributable interaction percentage was 27.79%.and synergy index was 1.38. ConclusionACE D allelic gene and overweight show a positive interaction on essential hypertension.Proper weight control can reduce the risk of getting essential hypertension.