Efficient pollutant reduction via NaBH4-assisted catalytic reduction under light-free conditions remains a significant challenge for practical wastewater treatment. Herein, a Fe/O co-doped Ag2S oxysulfide (FeAgOS) catalyst was synthesized via a facile hydrolysis method, and its reduction performance toward organic dyes, toxic phenolic compounds, and heavy metal ions was evaluated in the presence of NaBH4 as an electron donor under light-free conditions. The introduction of Fe generated Fe2 + /Fe3+ redox pairs, which promoted electron transfer during the catalytic reduction process. Meanwhile, oxygen doping may influence the local electronic structure and surface properties, thereby enhancing structural stability. Among the prepared catalysts, FeAgOS-2 exhibited the highest activity, achieving complete reduction of 100 mL (20 ppm) rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and Cr(VI) within 5, 10, 8, 14, and 12 min, respectively, with apparent rate constants of 0.67, 0.31, 0.32, 0.26, and 0.26 min-1. The superior catalytic performance is attributed to its optimal Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) molar ratio of 22.67%, enlarged electrochemically active surface area of 0.0048 mF/cm2, and low charge-transfer resistance of 1.74 Omega, which collectively facilitate efficient electron transfer during the reduction reaction. Furthermore, FeAgOS-2 exhibited excellent reduction activity in mixed-pollutant systems and maintained good reusability, retaining 93.8% of its performance after six cycles, demonstrating its potential for practical industrial wastewater treatment.

Herein, a lignin-supported Co/O co-doped SnS oxysulfide (L-SnCoOS) catalyst with mixed-valence Sn2+/Sn4+ species and abundant sulfur vacancies was prepared via a hydrolysis strategy. Lignin, a negatively charged natural aromatic polymer with abundant functional groups, can effectively enhance nanoparticle dispersion, suppress aggregation, and provide abundant adsorption sites for pollutant enrichment. The incorporation of Co and O into SnS modulates its electronic structure, leading to the formation of mixed-valence Sn2+/Sn4+ species and abundant sulfur vacancies. The Sn2+/Sn4+ redox pair facilitates rapid electron transfer via a hopping mechanism (Sn2+ ↔ Sn4+), while sulfur vacancies serve as active sites for proton adsorption, thereby promoting pollutant reduction and accelerating the catalytic process. Among the prepared catalysts, L-SnCoOS-3, featuring abundant sulfur vacancies and an optimized Sn4+/(Sn2++ Sn4+) ratio (32.97%), exhibited the best performance, achieving complete reduction of 100 mL solutions containing 20 ppm of Cr(VI), rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) within 5, 4, 4, 4, and 6 min, respectively. In addition, L-SnCoOS-3 exhibited excellent stability and durability, preserving over 94% of its performance after 6 consecutive cycles. It also maintained high catalytic activity in mixed-pollutant systems over a wide pH range. These results demonstrate that L-SnCoOS-3 represents a promising and sustainable strategy for efficient treatment of actual wastewater.

Conventional photocatalytic systems rely on light irradiation to activate catalytic reactions, which significantly limits their practical applicability under real environmental conditions. Herein, a W/S codoped Bi2O4 oxysulfide (WBiOS) is developed for pollutant reduction under dark conditions. By introducing the W cation and S anion, the electronic structure of Bi2O4 is reconstructed, accompanied by the formation of abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov) and dual Bi3+/5+ and W4+/6+ redox couples. The Bi3+/5+ and W4+/6+ species establish efficient electron-transfer pathways, while the Ov acts as an electron-trapping center and active sites, thereby accelerating electron transport and surface reaction kinetics. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, optimized WBiOS-2 with n(Bi3+)/n(Bi3+ + Bi5+) (39.46%) and n(W4+)/n(W4+ + W6+) (30.64%) exhibits the largest electrochemically active surface area (1.87 mF cm-2). It achieves complete reduction of 100 mL of 20 ppm 4-nitrophenol, methylene blue, nitro compounds, and Cr(VI) within 16, 8, 6, and 14 min, respectively, using NaBH4 as the reducing agent, with corresponding kinetic rate constants of 0.17, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.19 min-1, respectively. WBiOS-2 demonstrates sustained performance toward mixed pollutants across a wide pH range and maintains structural stability during cyclic operation. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of oxysulfide catalysts for environmental remediation.

A novel Fe/S-BiOCl sulfur-oxychloride catalyst with oxygen vacancy (Vo) defects and heterovalent states was synthesized via a facile and environmentally friendly method for the efficient catalytic reduction of organic dyes (methyl orange, methylene blue, rhodamine B, 4-nitrophenol) and heavy metal Cr6+ in the presence of NaBH4 under dark conditions. The Fe/S co-doping regulates the energy band structure of BiOCl-3, reduces charge transfer resistance, and increases the number of electrochemically active surface sites. Hydrogen peroxide treatment optimizes the heterovalent states in Fe/S-BiOCl-3 and creates Vo defects. The Vo defects act as active sites for creating H* and transferring it to the pollutants for hydrogenation. At the same time, the heterovalent states facilitate rapid electron hopping between Fe2+ <-> Fe3+ / Bi3+ <-> Bi5+, promote the catalytic reduction of pollutants, and enhance catalytic reduction activity. The Fe/S-BiOCl-3 with optimal Fe/S doping and hydrogen peroxide treatment exhibits excellent catalytic reduction efficiency, ultimately reducing 100 mL of 20 ppm 4-NP, MO, MB, and RhB in 6 min and Cr6+ in 8 min. The mixture of organic compounds and heavy metal ions was reduced within 10 min. The Fe/S-BiOCl-3 also demonstrates good stability, maintaining over 94.2 % of its catalytic activity after 6 cycles. Therefore, the Fe/S-BiOCl sulfur-oxychloride catalyst shows promising potential for wastewater treatment applications.

Organic pollutants in industrial and agricultural wastewater can be dangerous to both human health and the environment. Therefore, it is important to develop methods for continuous catalytic reduction of these pollutants under dark conditions as sunlight has geographical and temporal limitations due to different regions, weather conditions, and Earth's rotation. This could have significant implications for practical wastewater treatment. In this study, we successfully synthesized bimetallic vanadium bismuth oxy-sulfo bromide (labeled as VBiOSBr) catalysts using a simple precipitation method by doping V/S into BiOBr to from (Bi,V)(S,O)Br. The morphology, structure, optical absorption properties, electron-hole recombination rate, and reduction performance of the catalysts were examined in detail. The catalyst displayed a tetragonal phase with an energy band gap and specific surface area of approximately 1.93 eV and 22.1 m2/g, respectively. The 1-VBiOSBr catalyst prepared with n(V): n(Bi): n(KBr): n(C2H5NS) = 1: 1: 1: 1 had the best catalytic activity. Within just 14 min, this catalyst removed 98.7% and 96.96% of 4-NP and Cr6+, respectively. The VBiOSBr catalyst remained stable and efficient even after the seventh run, still achieving a removal rate of 94.7%. The study proposed a possible mechanism for 4-NP and Cr6+ reduction activity. The catalyst's simple manufacturing process and its ability to reduce pollutants under dark conditions make it a promising system for practical application in the continuous removal of organic pollutants. So, the VBiOSBr bimetallic catalyst has great potential as a candidate for wastewater treatment technologies.

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a low-carbon technology for organic mixture separation that usually relies on non-renewable fossil-derived membranes. Cellulose, a biomass material with extensive sources and superior resistance to organic solvents, holds great promise in engineering OSN membranes. Here we studied the mass transport and separation properties of regenerated cellulose membranes (RCMs), which were made from wood pulp using ionic liquid as solvent by phase inversion method. By regulating membrane thickness from 150 mu m to 350 mu m, the solvent permeance and solute rejection can be finely tuned. The 350-mu m-thick RCM membrane (RCM-350) displays better compaction resistance than the thinner ones and harvests high solute rejection with ethanol permeance reaching similar to 30 L m- 2 h(-1) bar(- 1), outperforming the state-of-the-art polymeric membranes and showing long-term stability during cross-flow OSN. When used for solute separation, the RCM-350 membrane provides molecular selectivity of up to 294 and 68 for Alcian blue/Rifampicin and Alcian blue/Tetracycline mixtures, respectively, which depends on the mixture composition. Our findings reveal the potential of regenerated natural cellulose as a high-performance and sustainable alternative membrane material for separating organic mixtures.

Photocatalytic water treatment is an advanced and efficient technology for water purification. Among various photocatalysts, iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) are widely applied for mineralizing organic wastewater due to their excellent water stability and photocatalytic activity. However, their practical application is impeded by insufficient photocatalytic performance, irreversible collapse of the framework structure during repeated use, and difficulty in recovery. In this study, Graphene oxide (GO) structure-oriented NH 2 -MIL-88B(Fe)/graphene oxide/sodium alginate (NM88B/GO/SA) aerogel was fabricated for the removal of dyes and antibiotics, using GO interface regulation and dual-network crosslinking methods. In this hybrid system, a NM88B/GO heterostructure was formed through the directional growth of NM88B on the surface of GO. The introduction of sodium alginate (SA) enhanced the robustness and stability of the matrix, and effectively avoided aerogel fragmentation. With 30 wt% catalyst loading, the composite aerogel exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance towards high-concentration (50ppm) tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), achieving over 99% removal rate in 150 minutes. It also effectively degraded methylene blue (MB) at 10-30ppm with over 99% removal rate. Furthermore, the aerogel showed excellent shape recovery ability, stability, and reusability. After five repeated tests, it maintained over 95% degradation efficiency for both TC-HCl and MB. This advanced aerogel holds great promise as a highly efficient and reusable photocatalyst for removing antibiotics and dyes from wastewater.

离子液体是一种绿色环保的新型溶剂,对纤维素具有良好的溶解性能.本文采用一步法合成咪唑类离子液体N-甲基-N-(2-丁烯基)咪唑氯盐,并研究了其对木浆纤维素的溶解率.结果表明,N-甲基-N-(2-丁烯基)咪唑氯盐在110℃时溶解性能最佳,达到6.5％.合成的产物中含有三种物质:N-甲基咪唑、顺式和反式的N-甲基-N-(2-丁烯基)咪唑氯盐.纤维素再生过程没有其他衍生化反应.

Superwetting interfacial porous membranes with different wettabilities have enormous potential for wastewater treatment. The wettability of most smart separation membranes is controlled by external environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and pressure. In a constant environment, they have only one kind of wettability and can separate only one type of emulsion, and in multiple extreme environments, they become "unintelligent" and even lose their separation ability. Inspired by China's "Face-Changing in Sichuan Opera," we have prepared a novel electrospun SiNPs/ZnNPs-SiO2/TiO2 (SZST) nanofiber membrane by a calcining-spraying method. The obtained membrane can rapidly switch its wettability in various environments for the controllable separation of both oilin-water and water-in-oil emulsions. The advanced electrospinning, combined with micro-nano hierarchical structures, greatly improved the wettability and porosity of the membrane, making the separation efficiency more than 99% stable. Additionally, the flux was maintained at about 2000 L/m(2)h. Interestingly, the separation efficiency showed almost no change in various harsh environments (e.g., strongly acidic and alkaline conditions, high or low temperatures, and even salty media), and the developed membrane exhibited excellent recyclability. In addition to good corrosion resistance and chemical stability, the membrane demonstrated excellent fire and frost resistance. Therefore, the SZST nanofiber membrane has great practical value in industrial production.

为了提高酸性环境下铜的缓蚀效果,以苯并三氮唑分别与4种正构卤代烷烃卤首先合成了烷基苯并三氮唑,再与硫酸二甲酯进行季铵化反应得到N?烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂.考察了表面活性剂质量浓度、pH及腐蚀时间对铜在0.02 mol/L硫酸钠介质中缓蚀效率的影响.结果 表明:4种不同烷基链的烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂在酸性硫酸钠介质中对铜的缓蚀效率都随其质量浓度的增大及烷基链的增长而提高,但略低于它们在近中性条件下的缓蚀效率.pH=0时腐蚀1～2 d后,烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的缓蚀效率基本上达到稳定.而pH=8时,正丁基、正辛基、正十二烷基、正十六烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的缓蚀效率达到稳定的时间分别为2、3、5和7 d.

化工原理课程开设的目的是让学生形成工程意识.其中的化工原理实验旨在帮助学生巩固学习到的化工原理知识,促使学生掌握扎实的工程实践技能,促使学生形成良好的理实一体化理念.但是在具体的实验过程中,学生需要测量海量且复杂的数据,进行物性参数查询,并进行具体的分析和计算,并在最后将其汇总成图表、公式等.单纯利用手工计算和绘图,会耗费大量的时间和精力,也会形成一定的误差,最终影响实验结果的准确性.而计算机软件的应用使得化工原理实验变得更为简便快捷.文章以Aspen Plus软件和Origin软件为例,论述了其在化工原理实验中的具体应用.

近年来,PBL(Problem-Based Learning)和TBL(Team-Based Learning)教学法受到广泛关注.物理性污染控制课程是环境工程专业主干课程,如何克服其学时短、内容庞杂等教学限制性因素,是亟待解决的问题.课题组研究基于PBL联合TBL的教学模式在物理性污染控制课程教学中的构建和具体组织实施方案和效果.研究结果表明,PBL联合TBL的教学模式在当下网络信息化教学背景下,可以将课堂从课内延伸至课外,能有效解决物理性污染控制课程教学中存在的问题.教学效果表明,该教学模式增强了学生学习兴趣,提升了学生文献检索、口头表达、团队协作以及分析和解决问题的能力.

Tubular bimetal oxysulfide CuMgOS catalyst was prepared using a feasible method at a low process temperature of 95°C. X‐ray diffractometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectrum, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were used for CuMgOS characterizations. The CuMgOS reduction activities were investigated through the reduction of heavy metals of Cr (VI), Pb (II) and Hg (II) solutions, and the organic dyes of rhodamine‐B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) solutions under dark. The results showed that the CuMgOS prepared with an appropriate N2H4 amount for a suitable Cu (I)/Cu (II) ratio exhibited fast reduction activity without adding any reagents, with which the 100 mL Cr (VI), Pb (II) and Hg (II) solutions of 50 ppm were 100% reduced by 20 mg CuMgOS within 4 min, 6 min and 4 min, respectively. The 100 mL RhB, MO and MB solutions of 50 ppm were 100% reduced by 10 mg CuMgOS within 4 min, 5 min and 1 min, respectively, under the existence of NaBH4. CuMgOS displayed excellent chemical stability for the re‐use tests on heavy metal ions and organic dyes. The excellent performance is attributed to CuMgOS bimetal oxysulfide catalyst with active surface reaction centers to interact with reactants, and the carrier hopping between Cu (I) and Cu (II).

为充分发挥"对分课堂"教学模式对《化工原理》课程教学的优势,作者从"对分课堂"教学模式相关概念解析入手,对《化工原理》课程教学过程存在的问题进行了深入分析,并在此基础上探究了"对分课堂"教学模式在《化工原理》课程教学中的应用.

Laws of coupled heat and mass transfer,which is about the quantitative relations between flux (i.e.heat flux,moisture flux,osmosis flux)taking place during the process of drying of wood and its driving forces(i.e.temperature gradient,humidity gradient,pressure gradient),were derived by means of physic-me-chanics.At the same time,the general time-dependent partial differential equations on the fields of the temper-ature and the humidity in wood medium were developed from the above transfer laws with the help of some physical laws and mathematic methods.Then,a complete and rigorous set of new system of wood drying theory was composed of coupled heat and mass transfer laws and differential equations in the field of the temperature and the humidity.It provides a theoretical basis of scientific analysis for formulating and regulating technologi-cal parameters of wood drying or heat-treatment.

Taking divinylbenzene (DVB) as the monomer,porous monodisperse PDVB microspheres was synthesized by precipitation polymerization (PDVB).The residual double bond on PDVB microsphere surface and the double bond of the ionic liquid were used for copolymerization reaction,and the PDVB-IL solid acid was prepared.The obtained PDVB-IL solid acid was characterized by SEM,BET,FT-IR and TG,and then applied for the preparation of methyl oleate by oleic acid and methanol.The results showed that the PDVB-IL had good spherical morphology,uniform particle size,specific surface area was 451.12 m2/g,and the PDVB-IL had a good thermal stability,and its decomposition temperature was up to 350 ℃.The effects of the oleic acid conversion rate had been investigated.Under this condition of that,the reaction temperature 90 ℃,molar ratio of methanol to oil 20∶1 (n∶ n),catalyst dosage 4％ (based on the mass of oleic acid) and reaction time 5 h,the yield of methyl oleate was 93.02％.Solid acid of PDVB-IL could be used for 5 times with high catalytic activity.

In this investigation, biodiesel was prepared by esterification reaction using the oleic acid as raw material and H2 SO4 as catalyst. The effects of various parameters such as reaction time, temperature, mole ratio of alcohol/oleic acid, catalyst dosage on the conversion rate of oleic acid were investigated and the preparation process of biodiesel was optimized by using response surface methodology ( RSM) . The results showed that with the increase of reaction temperature, the conversion rate of oleic acid increased, when the reaction temperature reached 70℃, the conversion rate of oleic acid was not changed. The conversion rate of oleic acid increased with the increase of the catalyst dosage of H2 SO4 , and the conversion rate was close to the maximum when the increase of the catalyst dosage was 2% of the oleic acid. With the increase of reaction time, the conversion rate of oleic acid increased gradually, and the conversion rate of oleic acid stabilized after 4 h reaction. The continuous increase of the mole ra-tio of alcohol/oleic acid caused the conversion rate of oleic acid increased continuously. When the mole ratio of al-cohol/oleic acid was 8∶1, reaction tends to be gentle. Mathematical model of response surface regression between conversion rate of oleic acid ( Y) and single factors was obtained by analyzed the test data with analysis software Design Expert 8. 0. The optimum reaction conditions were determined: the reaction time of 3. 77 h, the reaction temperature of 68. 83℃, the catalyst dosage of 4. 21%, the mole ratio of alcohol/oleic acid of 9. 26∶1 and predic-ted conversion rate of 98. 26%.

A novel process to rapidly liquefy sawdust using reduced quantities of solvent, was successfully carried out via microwave-ultrasonic assisted technology (MUAT) in a sulphuric acid/polyethylene glycol 400-glycerol catalytic system. The influences of some key parameters on the liquefaction yield were investigated. The results showed that compared with traditional liquefaction, the introduction of MUAT allowed the solvent dosage to be halved and shortened the liquefaction time from 60 to 20 min. The liquefaction yield reached 91% under the optimal conditions. However, the influence on the yield of some parameters such as catalyst concentration, was similar to that of traditional liquefaction, indicating that the application of MUAT possibly only intensified heat and mass transfer rather than altering either the degradation mechanism or pathway. The introduction of MUAT as a process intensification technology has good industrial application potential for woody biomass liquefaction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.