To maintain the reliability of wind power integration,a four-dimensional environment of decision-making of power network planning with wind power integration is proposed.To consider the features of new energy integration,this article focuses especially on the impact of technical environment and ecological environment on power network planning.Based on the theory of environmental bearing capacity,the decision of power network planning with wind power integration considered is studied,which helps to make a comprehensive and accurate decision of power network planning from aspects of technique,ecology,economy and policy.

介绍了变截面水泥土搅拌桩在高速公路软基处理中的应用情况,对其施工机械和施工工艺进行了详细说明.主要采用三维有限差分法模拟研究了路堤荷载下变截面水泥土搅拌桩复合地基侧向变形规律,分析了扩大头高度H、扩大头桩径D、桩长L、桩间距S、桩体模量Ep等不同因素对复合地基附加应力场和侧向变形规律的影响.结果发现侧向变形沿深度呈“弓”型分布,而且变截面搅拌桩由于扩大头的存在提高了上部桩体的面积置换率,能有效减小地基的侧向变形；而最大侧向位移发生的深度一般位于变截面位置附近.

This paper take the energy-saving measures carried out by the steel industry as an example.Note only avoidable capacity on user side and generation side are taken as indexes of energy-saving potential evaluation,but avoidable capacity on user side and generation side,as well as user participation rate are taken into account.Meanwhile,Improved entropy-principal component evaluation model are applied in this work to evaluate the power saving potential of energy-saving measures.The electricity saving potential analysis model has been put forward to calculate any avoidable capacity of generation through demand side management measures.

The price of wind power is lower than other types of generation because the wind power availability ratio is decreased with the load increase while the wind power price increases with load increase. To mitigate this situation,energy storage is proposed through changing the selling time of wind power flexibly to raise the wind power price and increase wind power generator's profit. The profit model for wind power generator to apply storage is established based on SFE model. Calculation examples have verified the efficiency and rationality of the application of energy storage equipment in raising the wind power price. Finally the sensitivity analysis shows that wind power generator's profit is greatly affected by the efficiency of the storage.

This paper focuses on the forecast and sensitivity analysis of grid corporation's key operating indicators.Firstly,weighted moving average,multiple linear regression and gray model are used to forecast power sale amount respectively,and three kinds of prediction values are obtained.Taking GDP and population as input conditions of neural network,the final prediction using the proposed comprehensive forecasting model based on RBF neural network is carried out with the help of Matlab.And then,the STELLA software is applied to express the relationship between various indicators graphically.Furthermore,a system dynamics model is established to analyze the relationship of the key indicators quantitatively.Thus,the prediction of all indicators is achieved.Finally,it carries out the sensitivity analysis with choice of power sale amount and average electricity pricing,and analyzes the impact of the change of power sale amount and average electricity pricing on investment capacity.

The integrated operation of energy storage devices and wind power generation system has become an effective solution to the large-scale grid-connected wind power output.Based on the characteristics analysis of wind power generation and joint operation system of energy storage and wind power,the maximum benefit evaluation model for the joint system is established,combined with the sensitivity analysis of the impact on operation efficiency and economy considering wind speed prediction accuracy and storage capacity.Practical case study results show that accurate wind speed prediction and reasonable storage capacity can improve operation efficiency and economy of the joint operation system.

This article analyzes the impacts of regional micro-grid investment on power grid enterprises from investment,operation,equipment life,carbon emissions and other aspects.On this basis,indicators of the micro-grid based on demand-side response are built and the cost-benefit model is established from the perspective of operating cost-benefit,social cost-benefit,user cost-benefit and cost-benefit of distribution companies,respectively.Then,it incorporates demand-side response into the cost-benefit analysis of micro-grid investment,and constructs equality and inequality constraints for micro-grid planning.Finally,it chooses a case of micro-grid investment planning under the demand-side response of a certain area in China to prove validity and reasonableness of the model.

Low carbon power network planning plays an important role in the power industry.In order to analyze the low carbon power network planning,a comprehensive project evaluation index system for low-carbon power network planning is proposed,and the interval-number theory is introduced to reflect the uncertainties in planning.And then a multi-grey target decision-making model based on interval-number theory is established.Finally,a specific power network planning in Baoding city is investigated by using this model.Study results indicate that the proposed evaluation index system is reasonable and effective with good accuracy and high reliability.

Based on comprehensive benefit evaluation index system of pumped storage power station,a PCA-modified radar map method is proposed.And the calculation procedure is presented in detail.Then the qualification,visualization and acceleration of evaluation process are realized.Finally,the economic benefit of pumped storage power station is analyzed with practical case study.The results show that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.

It has become a realistic choice to develop smart grid actively to meet the electricity demand for load centers, especially in China. In the current period of rapid development, in order to effectively measure the safety level of smart grid, to compare power grid safety among different regions or within the same region at different times, in this paper, smart grid safety evaluation index system is proposed from six aspects such as structural safety of transmission network, structural safety of distribution network, high-efficient system and equipment support, operational safety and stability, adequacy and Resilience. With the thought of combined evaluation, this paper uses AHP-Entropy method to evaluate the safety of smart grid. Finally, an empirical study shows this method is effective.

Wind power, a green energy, has become another primary renewable resource of great value in economic utility and industrialization development, like hydraulic power at the time when comes with the pressure from energy crisis and environmental protection. This paper considers a wind-powered pumped storage system based on an 8 MW wind farm. The effect of pumped storage power station to wind power regulation is calculated, and an economic evaluation model was developed. This paper shows that a significant smoothing of the produced power is realized, dispatchable output power can be offered to the system, whereas extra economic benefit can also be achieved.

A reasonable transmission service pricing mechanism is the key to motivating and guiding the development of cross-regional electricity trading.With regard to the participation initiative issue in our domestic cross-regional power trading,and considering the traders′ preferences and the actual situation in our market-oriented transitional period,a menu-pricing method for cross-regional power transmission service is proposed based on incentive compatibility theory.The calculation case study of IEEE30 nodes demonstrates that this novel pricing method can generate valid and reasonable transmission service rate,discriminate the traders with different preferences,and improve participation initiative effectively,therefore applicable in the period of market-oriented transition.

Smart grid enables the integration of large-scale renewable energy resources (RERs) into the power system, but the subsequent intermittency and uncertainty can have an adverse impact on the networks’ reliability, safety and operation efficiency. Meanwhile, demand response helps greatly mitigate the negative impact associated with RERs. Hence, from the engineering's perspective, the complexity and intelligence of the power system have been on an unprecedented level. In such a complex and intelligent power system, it is essential to investigate the impact of RERs and demand response on the market equilibrium in order to help market participants to make scientific decisions. In this paper, firstly, an overall model of major market participants together with the constraints of transmission and generation is established. Then, the energy market is analyzed with RERs’ uncertainties and demand response. Finally, a 4-bus network is utilized to validate theoretical results, indicating that as the uncertainties increase, power system's operation costs and equilibrium shift will be enlarged; and the effect of demand response can narrow the equilibrium shift and reduce RERs’ integration costs.

The low carbon development has become the needs of times and the desire to improve the quality of life.This paper proposes a development model of low-carbon power system in China.And then the specific implementation path of low carbon power system is discussed from the aspects of optimizing energy structure,enhancing the management of electricity coal transportation,developing energy saving transmission and distribution technologies,strengthening the demand side management,improving the mechanism of energy saving and emissions reduction.Finally,it gives the guarantee measures for development of low carbon power system in China.

This paper introduces the current situation of China's carbon dioxide emission.Then it predicts China's carbon dioxide allowance emissions,and calculates the control targets of carbon dioxide emission in 2015 and 2020,and decomposes these targets into the generators with different capacity levels.And based on the emission performance,it allocates the carbon dioxide emission quota of different coal-fired power plants in 2015 and 2020.Finally,it puts forward some policise supporting to use the emission performance mechanism.The research result shows that using the emission performance mechanism helps to allocate the carbon dioxide emission quota effectively,and control the carbon dioxide emission,and the emission performance mechanism is an effective mechanism to implement carbon reduction in electric power sector.

Under the environment of smart power grid construction,this paper analyzes the potential and optimization space of the low-carbon development of network side in China,and proposes the feasible development path in terms of our national conditions and the power grid enterprises themselves.The research provides some safeguards for boosting smart grid construction,developing high efficient energy-saving power transmission technologies,and strengthening line loss management.

This paper proposes a comprehensive risk assessment index system for China's smart grid,including five first-level indicators such as financial risk,technical risk,security risk,management risk and external risk.Every indicator includes specific subfactors.The technical risks and security risks for smart grid are emphatically analyzed.The paper integrates AHP with Fuzzy evaluation method,through the weight of each layer and the risk assessment matrix determined.Practical case study shows that the current smart grid industry in China has a higher level risk.