该文对黔西南州通过政府主导开展气象探测环境保护专项规划编制,进一步强化气象探测环境保护工作的一些做法进行了探索和总结,供管理部门和技术人员参考.

随着气象服务的不断推进,用户对气象服务产品的要求越来越高,提高气象服务产品的质量对于基层气象台站来说显得至关重要.目前,区域气象站的建设已覆盖到各乡镇,将这些区域气象站资料用直观的色斑图来显示,可有效提高气象服务质量和服务水平.系统综合使用VB、Fortran、GrADS等技术,实现对区域自动站气象资料的查询、处理与绘图等功能,并可分县制作绘图边界和色斑图,为决策气象服务提供精美素材.

Using FNL( NCEP / NCAR) 1 ° × 1 °reanalyzed data,through four time tracking analysis of a large-hail process occurred in the southwester Guizhou Province on April 27,2013,the hail formation,development,maturity,dissipation,atmosphere physical vertical structure were revealed. The results showed that: there is a strong vertical wind shear in the high and low altitude before the formation of hail 3- 6 hours,constitute the secondary circulation superimposed on the basic flow,to provide a strong external uplift force to the outbreak of instability energy; atmospheric low-middle rise appeared a short-term strong water-vapor convergence zone,the maximum of convergence of moisture flux near 700 h Pa,moisture flux value is- 2. 5 × 10- 6g /( cm2·h Pa·s); there are diminishing frontal zone with height in the profile of the potential pseudo-equivalent temperature and the temperature,it showed that the atmosphere baroclinic instability enhanced to provide a lot of energy in the hail occurred unstable areas; the thickness between- 20 ℃ and 0 ℃ layer height was appropriate and conducive to generate large-hail; end of the first moisture convergence transport to atmospheric moisture divergence in the middle-high level,the hail process is over.

该文利用黔西南州8个气象观测站近30 a（1981-2010年）降水资料、干旱灾情和历年气候整编资料，采用贵州省气象干旱标准中的降水距平百分率分析方法和黔西南州气象干旱与降水量的关系，对黔西南州气象干旱的时间和空间分布特征进行分析，结果表明：黔西南州气象干旱时间分布以秋旱和冬旱最多，春旱次之，夏旱最少，空间分布为北少南多。

2011年5月1日与2012年4月19日黔西南州出现了2次冰雹天气过程,2次冰雹天气分别是在西南热低压与滇黔静止锋的控制下所发生,但2种天气系统发生冰雹天气较为罕见,本文利用MICAPS 3.1常规资料、NCEP 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料、雷达资料等进行对比分析,揭示了特殊天气系统影响所发生发展冰雹天气的客观规律.

Using the re-analysis grid datasets of NCEP /NCAR 1° × 1°,the physical factor of vertical structure to the weather process of typical southwest hot low pressure packing which caused the rainstorm was analyzed by 4 times tracking,the results are as follows: during the packing of the southwest hot low pressure,the above of 700 hPa had no obvious cold air,but there were cold air on the surface of earth formatting static front; Under the action of common forcing atmospheric baroclinic and non geotropic,the warm air in the south climbed along static front to 800- 600 hPa,formatting a strong ascending area of convergence which center value reached- 2. 1 × 10-3hPa / s,meanwhile,there was a strong area of divergence sinking in 550- 200 hPa which center value reached 0. 9 × 10-3hPa / s and caused strong ascending motion and drawing-in effect. Superimposed on the basic flow of the secondary circulation,resulting in strong ascending motion; the air humidity in the high level increased early than these in the low level,this result indicated the surface warm air began to coagulate when it climbed to 850- 700 hPa along static front; the rainstorm appeared in the area of steam convergence; the steam convergence in the high level ended,then converted to steam divergence,then the rainstorm ended,the air became stable and the hot low pressure was packed.

The cold resistance of 15 introduced palm ornamental species was analyzed under different low temperature treatment and the transplanting test of adult A.alexandrae trees with 10% transplanting survival rate was conducted to study its suitable planting region.The results show that most introduced palm plants can tolerate-2℃,the cold resistance of 15 introduced palm plants is Rh.humilis.Ph.canariensisRh.multifidaW.filiferaL.chinensisPh.sylvestrisRh.excelsaA.alexandraeC.urensPh.roebeleniiP.gaudichaudiiR.rivularisC.ochlandraH.belmoreanaCh.lutescens based on the standard of-6℃ relative conductivity,L.chinensis,W.filifera,Rh.Multifida,Ph.Canariensis and Rh.humilis can tolerate-4℃ and Ph.Canariensis with good adaptability is of the advantage of higher transplanting survival rate and rapid growth.