气候对水果的品质与口感等具有显著的影响.为探究气候因素对'宫川'温州蜜柑Citrus unshiu'Miyagawa Wase'果实品质的影响,本研究在台州市临海市、黄岩区、三门县、温岭市、椒江区5个'宫川'温州蜜柑主产地,连续3年(2017-2019年)检测分析'宫川'温州蜜柑果实的6个品质指标(单果质量、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量、抗坏血酸含量、固酸比),并分别与产地 5 个气象指标(平均气温、≥10℃活动积温、平均气温日较差、降水量、日照时数)开展相关性分析和回归分析,研究'宫川'温州蜜柑果实品质在不同物候期的关键气象影响因素.结果表明,在柑橘生理落果期,平均气温为24.1～25.8℃,≥10℃活动积温为740.8～792.0℃时,较高的温度将显著降低'宫川'温州蜜柑果实品质;果实总酸含量与全年降水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与全年日照时数呈显著负相关(P<0.05);生理落果期日照时数与果实抗坏血酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).研究发现,'宫川'温州蜜柑在全年昼夜温差大时,具备更为优良可口的果实风味.为预防生理落果期高温热害的影响,可采用设施栽培技术,全年适当控水增光,并调整萌芽期、采收期棚内小气候环境,将有助于提高'宫川'温州蜜柑果实品质.

On the basis of field investigations and analysis and textual research of relevant material, it was found that there were 998 species of indigenous trees in Taizhou City, belonging to 93 families, 325 genera. The resource status, main utilization value and function of indigenous trees were expounded, and the exploitation and utilization status and existing problems were analyzed. Countermeasures of protection and utilization were proposed, so as to provide a reference for exploration and utilization of indigenous trees.

Torreya grandis ’Merrillii’ is an excellent cultivar of Torreya grandis and a rare dried fruit tree species endemic to China, which has high cultivation value and good ecological landscape benefits. In order to discuss the development prospects of Torreya grandis ’Merrillii’ in Taizhou City Zhejiang Province, the cultivation status of Torreya grandis in Taizhou was investigated. The development advantages and existing problems of Torreya grandis industry in Taizhou were analyzed, some countermeasures and suggestions for the healthy industry development were putted forward, for reference.

本研究选择了 5种不同树种与菜头肾进行林下仿野生栽培,连续3年观察多地菜头肾的生长情况,同时研究了枇杷下间作等3种仿野生栽培方式对菜头肾土壤营养、块根营养成分和主要化合物成分的差异.结果表明,菜头肾林下仿野生栽培优先选择树种为枇杷和杉木,不适宜树种为马尾松、锥栗、青冈.林下仿野生栽培菜头肾的土壤、块根营养元素均不同程度地高于野生林地.野生种菜头肾的化学成分为16种、仿野生栽培为19种.综合评判菜头肾4种栽培方式可知,枇杷林套种、间作栽培优于其他2种.本研究对于林下仿野生栽培菜头肾提高其产量及品质有重要意义,为其化学成分的相关性研究创造基础条件.

采用核糖体nrDNA ITS序列分析技术对浙江台州沿海秋茄树的3个驯化地(三门,临海和温岭)和4个种源地(椒江,玉环,温州龙港,福建龙海)共10个居群100个个体的遗传多样性进行分析比较.结果表明:获得ITS序列总长度为342 bp,在物种水平上共检测到3个分离位点数,定义5个单倍型(h),单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.135±0.046,平均核苷酸差异(k)为0.174 75,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.000 51±0.001 9.3个驯化地遗传多样性排序为:三门＞临海＞温岭,4个种源地的遗传多样性排序为:椒江＞玉环＞龙海＞龙港.就区域尺度而言,引种秋茄树居群总体的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平较低,且随纬度升高而增大,其耐寒性亦相应地增强,这可能是由长期人工引种驯化下的部分居群适应性分化产生的.三门、椒江种源可作为台州沿海地区未来推广应用秋茄树的优良来源.

课题组经过多年研究示范推广,把"四不两定"技术提升为"八早两不"."四不两定"技术即杨梅生产全程做到不用植物生长调节剂、不用色素、不用甜蜜素、不用防腐剂,严格做到以枝定果、以树定产."八早两不"技术即早修剪、早清园、早疏花、早诊断、早疏果、早防治、早用有机肥、早栽多用草,不用多效唑、不用除草剂.以此为主轴,对于杨梅枯枝病为首的病害防治体系与优质生产为目标的效益提增体系进行协同作业,从而取得显著效果.枯枝病防治示范区轻度发病治愈率在79％以上、中度治愈率为36％以上、重度治愈率最高为24.7％以上.果实品质优化示范区单果质量平均增重30％左右,优质果率从27.1％提高到55％,裂果腐烂率从41.4％降低到15.7％左右.所有果品均为安全食品.化肥农药的使用量较其他地区下降40％以上,示范区经济效益显著,平均增收3890元/亩.

为提高三叶青的人工栽培技术水平,采用不同扦插基质和插穗规格对三叶青扦插生根进行对比试验.结果 表明:10～12 cm是较为合适的插穗长度,扦插于珍珠岩:泥炭=1:2的扦插基质中生根效果最好.

Investigations were conducted on native woodyplant resources from March 2010 to February 2011 in Taizhou,Zhejiang province by field investigation combined with literature review.The results showed that there were 993 species of native woody plants,belonging to 93 families and 324 genera.Analysis on areal distribution type demonstrated that composition of families and genera was complex,with many geographical elements and obvious transitional characteristics of the North to the South.Moreover,there were many endemic and rare plants,and diverse life forms.The native woody plant resources are distributed to different degrees in the West hilly area,the Middle hilly valley plain area and the East coastal plain island area of the city,and the vertical one had evident regularity because of mountain climate and soil.

The concentrations of Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,Cr and As were determined from 90 soil samples in Camellia oleifera Base in four county of Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province.Result shows that the contents of six heavy metals were all discovered in the soil.Average content of heavy metal in soil were ranked in the order of Zn>Cr> Pb>Cu>As> Cd.Compared to environmental quality standard for soil of the Zhejiang Forest Food Base,environmental quality evaluation were conducted on soil by using single factor index & comprehensive index;the single-item pollution index of the soil heavy metals are all smaller than one,but the comprehensive pollution index of the heavy metal was close to the critical point.

运用实地调查和资料考证等方法,查明台州市共有原生林木种质资源93科324属951种.还调查了隋梅、乌药、云锦杜鹃等81个重点原生林木种质,建立台州重点原生林木种质信息登记表,并提出开展宣传教育、健全政策法规体系、加大投入、加强交流与合作等保护对策.

This paper used seeding and cuttage two methods and studied the effect of harvest and sowing time on seed survival,germination rate and seedling growth,and the effect of ABT rooting powder concentration,soaking time on cuttage survival and root length.The results showed that:the most suitable seed collection time was in October 28th and the best time for sowing the seeds was winter,the germination rate and the survival rate were higher,respectively 72% and 52%,increased by 32% and 25 % more than spring sowing; the cuttage survival rate of cuttings in 100mg·kg-1of ABT rooting powder solution treated for 2h was the highest,up to 27.7%,root length of 14cm.

In order to rich coastal reclamation of tidal flats and plain green afforestation tree species,Taxodium mucronatum,Ascendens mucronatum,Taxodium distichum & Taxodium ascendens were conducted introduction afforestation experiments.Result shows that:under green leafy period : Taxodium mucronatum > Ascendens mucronatum > Taxodium distichum and Taxodium ascendens;salt tolerance : Taxodium mucronatum > Taxodium distichum > Ascendens mucronatum>Taxodium ascendens;wind resistance: Ascendens mucronatum > Taxodium ascendens > Taxodium distichum & Taxodium mucronatum;water resistance: Taxodium distichum > Taxodium ascendens> Taxodium mucronatum & Taxodium mucronatum;speed of growth: Ascendens mucronatum > Taxodium distichum & Taxodium mucronatum> Taxodium ascendens.

Pestalotiopsis pathogen was first reported on waxberry,mainly P.mangiferae and P. vismiae.To control this pathogen,toxicity of 5fungicides were tested under indoor condition,and then tested for the control effects in field.MY1 wettable powders(chloropicrin+30%hydroxisoxazole+mancozeb wettable powder+iprodione)were selected for field control test.At the same time,other support measures were adopted to assist the control methods,by supplying microelement such as boron in different development periods,pruning at the right time,maintaining orchard humidity around 70%,spraying lime sulphur before winter,and smearing tree trunk with lime so as to prevent cross infection.Results showed that after 1～2year's control,the recovery rates of mild, moderate and serious infected trees was 100%,80%and 20%,respectively.

Two kinds of interplanting modes tea and tea-persimmon were set up to analyze the soil nutrients and other environmental factors,the quality of tea and economic benefit.The results showed that compared with pure tea mode,the humidity of the interplanting modes of tea-persimmon were increased by 13.6%,18.6% on the surface and near earth 30 cm in summer.However the temperature were down 4.0℃ and 0.5℃,light intensity reduced 660.22 μmol·m-2·s-1,wind speed reduced 75% and available phosphorus and available kalium contents of the soil were increased by 91.7%,150.0%.Water extract of the spring and summer tea,caffeine,amino acid,soluble sugar,soluble protein content of tea-persimmon interplanting modes were higher than pure tea garden.

针对新围垦泥质土壤盐渍程度极高问题,研究了在新围垦地初期的前2年通过不同土壤改良工程措施对泥质土壤盐分、pH、地表植被等变化的影响.结果表明:(1)3种不同工程措施,措施Ⅲ处理下植被覆盖度最高,达99％,植物种类最丰富,有8个.(2)3个试验地pH值都略有降低,但降低幅度均不大；3种不同措施对土壤均有不同的降盐效果,在0～10 cm表土层中,全盐量分别下降了5.96％、18.65％、34.71％；在20～30 cm土层中,全盐量分别下降了0.2％、4.5％、45.1％；在50～60 cm土层中,全盐量分别下降了0.1％、5.6％、57.7％,可见灌水洗盐处理降盐效果最好.(3)3种措施中Ⅲ费用最高,是I费用的6.63倍、Ⅱ费用的2.65倍；结合成本和实际操作,措施Ⅱ可行性较高.(4)在起垄的背上再进行筑敦造林可以大大提高苗木成活率,同时在造林中进行套种可提高成活率2％.

本研究通过肥力结构、pH、短截枝条、疏果等栽培技术措施的调节，使白砂枇杷受冻率、优质果率得到较大幅度的提高，为综合抗逆、优质生产提供技术依据。

To understand the effect of grass coverage on soil nutrition and fruit quality in a Myrica rubra orchard,the effects of three treatments:mung beans,natural grass,and clean tillage at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth-in the main producing areas of Xianju County,Zhejiang Province were investigated. After three years,the soil and fruit of M. rubra were collected and analyzed using a correlation analysis. Results showed that soil pH increased with grass cultivation,and compared with clean tillage,for the 0-20 cm soil depth,there were increases in organic matters (25.2%－ 48.9%),available N (7.3%-10.5%),and available P (82.1%-291.1%). Compared with clean tillage, production of M. rubra for the other two treatments increased 1 350－2 250 kghm-2 with increases in soluble solids (6.7%－20.0%), vitamin C (42.6%－51.1%),reducing sugars (17.0%－25.1%),and total sugar content (9.7%－14.9%). However,total acids decreased 16.5%－35.4%. The soluble solid content (SSC) / titratable acidity (TA) ratio increased 4.2%－6.2%. Also，the correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between soil organic matter and quality of M. rubra. Since grass coverage and no-tillage could increase soil organic matter,these treatments could improve the quality of M. rubra.[Ch，3 tab. 18 ref.]

<正>绿化建设必须结合校园文化,才能达到环境育人,提高学生综合素质的目标。环境育人的最大优势在于,景观与文化天生密不可分,有着深厚的渊源。景观是文化最合适的载体,是仅次于爱情的文学描写对象。游山玩水,吟诗作赋是中国古代文人的理想生活。文人也寄予植物以人格,如竹的节操、梅的孤傲、牡丹的富贵、荷花的高洁、岁寒三友松竹柏、梅兰竹菊四君子等。校园绿化建设是校园文化建设的有机组成部分,绿化建设过程也是文化建设的过程。文化是景观的灵魂,重视在中学校园景观建设中加入文化因素,有利于提升学校绿化档次,可以说是走出一条校园绿化建设和校园文化建设的创新之路。景观建设体现校园文化,从而达到环境育人的目标。