本文分析了合肥磨墩水库原水为期一年的水质指标变化,结果表明:浊度、pH变化幅度不大;氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总铁、总锰、高锰酸盐指数和藻类均在7 月份达到年度最大值.其中总锰的年度变化最为明显,最小值为 0.028mg/L,最大值在 7 月份达到 1.33mg/L,其与水温(气温)的变化呈正比、和pH以及溶解氧的变化呈反比,且随着水体深度的增加锰含量越高,尤其是在水下 5 米变化特别明显,且 90%以上为溶解态锰,是制水生产的最大影响因素.该水厂依托臭氧预氧化工艺除锰,出厂水锰含量均低于 0.03mg/L,这不仅确保了供水水质安全,同时还可为将来应用该水源的其他水厂的制水生产提供参考.

合肥某自来水厂利用臭氧预氧化工艺应对夏季锰突发性增长,研究其除锰的臭氧投加量控制方法、应用效果和成本分析.结果表明:在原水溶解锰含量最大值达1.33mg/L情况下,接触时间12.4～15.8min,通过控制臭氧尾气浓度调整臭氧投加量,保障沉淀池出水溶解态锰含量低于0.05mg/L.夏季锰的去除率达到92.46％,其他季节锰去除率平均值68.57％,出厂水总锰含量在0.03mg/L以下,高度确保供水水质安全.预臭氧工艺运行成本约为0.042～0.065元/m3.

长距离输水管道将原水输送到净水厂的过程中进行着复杂的物理、化学和生物过程,给制水生产带来不确定性.本文以合肥某水厂的长距离输水管道(30.4km)为研究对象,进行为期一年的水质检测.结果表明:磨墩原水在长距离运输过程中,浊度、氨氮、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总铁、总锰、藻类都有不同程度的净化,依次为3.93％、41.76％、26.92％、4.91％、14.04％、8.85％、30.16％;铝呈增长趋势,达12.37％;亚硝酸盐氮在7～9月增长幅度为38.10％.且随着季节变化有不同的变化趋势,其中氨氮和藻类在10-12月降低幅度最大,氨氮达到66.67％,藻类达到55.92％;高锰酸盐指数和总锰在温度越高时(6～8月份)降低越明显;总铁和亚硝酸盐氮在温度较低的10～12月降低明显,另外,亚硝酸盐氮在7～9月反而有明显增长,达到38.1％.到达厂区后经过臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺处理后出厂水均符合标准,为长距离原水管道输水后的自来水厂生产和运行管理提供参考.

本文在水厂投产前期,利用生产性试验研究了次氯酸钠和臭氧(投加量为0.8～1.0mg/L)两种不同的预氧化方式的运行效果.对比分析了预臭氧接触池、沉淀池和出厂水水质以及絮凝剂的投加量,研究结果表明:臭氧对耗氧量、藻类、铁和锰的预氧化效果明显优于次氯酸钠;预臭氧化的絮凝剂的投加量比预氯化的降低约20.4％;预臭氧化的出厂水浊度比预氯化的降低约29％.研究思路可为其他自来水厂的预氧化方式提供参考.

湖泊富营养化产生大量的藻类,打捞出来的藻类若不进行有效处理将会产生二次污染.针对此问题,对巢湖打捞出的蓝藻进行资源化利用,碳化制成蓝藻炭应用于催化氧化降解水中有机污染物对氯苯酚.结果表明,在50 mg/L的150 mL的对氯苯酚溶液中,臭氧投加量为1000 mg/h,蓝藻炭催化剂投加量为0.3 g,溶液初始pH为10.2,温度为25℃,在30 min时对氯苯酚降解率为80％.外加紫外(UV)光照射,进一步提高对氯苯酚的降解率为93％,UV/蓝藻炭具有较好的催化臭氧活性,提高了臭氧降解对氯苯酚效率.

以天然沸石为载体,硝酸钴溶液为浸渍液,使用浸渍法制备沸石载钴活化剂,对沸石载钴活化剂催化过硫酸盐降解橙黄Ⅱ染料废水进行研究.结果表明,当橙黄Ⅱ染料废水初始浓度为100 mg/L,钴负载量为5％,沸石载钴活化剂加入量为2 g,溶液pH为10,过硫酸盐加入量为2 g时,橙黄Ⅱ染料废水的降解效果最佳,反应时间为50 min时去除率达到96％.此外,超声波对反应有增强效应,反应时间为10 min时去除率即可达到93％.超声和沸石载钴活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸自由基,高效氧化降解染料废水,为难降解偶氮染料废水处理提供了新技术.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) processes can potentially be influenced by salinity related to variable salinity in water environment. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing analysis combining with iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to reveal the response of microbial community and functional proteins to salinity, which was increased from 0 to 20 g L-1 with a step of 5 g L-1 (designed as S5, S10, S15 and S20) compared to control reactor (without salinity stress desined as S0). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that a high salinity (20 g L-1, S20) decreased the abundance of genus Candidatus Jettenia but increased that of Candidatus Kuenenia. A total of 1609 differentially expressed proteins were acquired in the three comparison groups (S5:S0, S20:S0 and S20:S5). Of these, 39 proteins co-occurred in the three salt-exposed samples. Hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH; Q1PW30) and nitrate reductase (Q1PZD8) were up-regulated more than 3-folds in the exposure of 20 g-NaCl/L. The functional enrichment analysis further showed that some proteins responsible for ion binding, catalysis and oxidation-reduction reaction were up-regulated, which explained the physiological resilience of ANAMMOX bacteria under salinity stress. Additionally, ANAMMOX bacteria responded to salinity by modulating the electron transport systems, indicating that the cells retained a high potential for proton pumping, as well as the ATP production. Furthermore, the over-expression of HDH which associated with ANAMMOX metabolism, was potentially related to the increased abundance of halophilic Candidatus Kuenenia. These findings provide a comprehensive baseline for understanding the roles of salinity stresses in shaping the functional proteins of ANAMMOX bacteria.

以城市污水处理厂二沉池剩余污泥为研究对象,通过臭氧催化剂以及超声波和臭氧作用,并结合单因素分析法和响应曲面法研究城市剩余污泥脱水性能.结果表明:超声波联合多相臭氧催化氧化污泥的最佳试验条件为:超声波作用4.02min,臭氧浓度507.81mg/h,投加臭氧催化剂的量为0.48g,污泥比阻值为0.26×109s2/g,此时污泥易过滤脱水.

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra were adopted to quantify the binding of metal ions (e.g., Fe(III), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II)) on three MW fractions (> 100, 10~100, and < 10 k Da) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from mixed cultures dominated by anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). The results showed that the AnAOB EPS with different MW size ranges all had strongest binding capability of Fe(III), and the lowest binding capability of Cd(II). The complexation ability of metal ions for the EPS of AnAOB with molecular weight < 10 kDa was stronger than EPS with >100 and 10~100 kDa, very likely because of the contribution of the tyrosine-, tryptophan-, and aromatic protein-like components. It was obvious that the different size fractions of EPS affect the metal binding ability. Essentially, the content of proteins, polysaccharides, TOC, and UVA254 distributed within various MW fractions of EPS from AnAOB were different, as well as the different fluorescent components and total functional groups.

Oil spills leak dangerous chemicals into the environment, causing serious environmental pollution and damaging human health. Thus, environmentally friendly materials for remediation are urgently needed. In this study, a polymer absorbing material (PAM) with a high retention capacity (>90% at a centrifuge rate of 3,000 rpm) and high absorption capacity (7.5 g gasoline/g of PAM) was described. The pseudo-second-order absorption kinetic model was shown to accurately simulate the absorption data. The results showed that the PAM had a spherical structure and abundant functional groups. The PAM absorbed almost all of the tested liquid chemicals, including gasoline, crude oil, diesel, and kerosene. In contrast to traditional oil-absorbing materials, the high oil-retention capacity of this material prevented the volatilization of chemicals dangerous to human health and the environment. Consequently, the PAM was suitable for applications in oil-spill treatment, especially in the emergency handling of toxic and harmful substances.

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance spectra was adopted to quantify the binding of major metal ions (e.g., Na(I), Ca((II)), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II)) on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) extracted from different mixed cultures. The results showed that the differential absorbance spectra (DAS) provided discernible features for revealing the changes in optical properties of EPSs induced by metals, i.e., the intensity of DAS increased largely with incrementally increased metal concentrations (Fe(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II)). It can be assumed attributable to the changes in the conformations and inter-chromophores of the EPS biomolecules. In addition, the changes in spectral parameters of DSlope325-375 (spectral slope in the range of wavelengths 325-375 nm) and DA300 (differential absorbance at 300 nm) were found to be closely related to the amounts of metals bound onto all extracted EPSs, particularly for Fe(III) and Cu(II). The decreased SR (the ratio of slope275-295 to slope350-400) of the EPS solutions after dosage of metals suggested increased molecular weight or size of the EPS biomolecules. Deconvolution of the DAS yielded six Gaussian bands, which were present in all of the EPS samples with various metals. Moreover, the relative contributions of different Gaussian bands in the DAS were determined by the nature of EPS-metal ions interactions good correlated with the covalent-bonding index. This study concluded that DAS and selected spectral parameters (DA300, DSlope325-375 and SR) can be used to successfully characterize the binding of metals onto EPS at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aerobic (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are expected to have a significant impact on the performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal in engineered systems. However, there are a few investigations of the EPS of AerAOB and AnAOB, and the results are contradictory. In this study, photometric measurements indicated that the EPS of AerAOB- (31.74 ± 1.48 mg/g-VSS, volatile suspended solids) and AnAOB-enriched cultures (30.12 ± 1.52 mg/g-VSS) contained more polysaccharides than did conventional activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility (10.76 ± 0.83 mg/g-VSS). In addition, the EPS of the AnAOB-enriched culture was dominated by proteins, leading to a considerably higher protein/polysaccharide ratio (2.64 ± 0.12) than those of the AerAOB-enriched culture (0.56 ± 0.03) and conventional activated sludge (1.96 ± 0.09). Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the dominance of amide bands and/or polysaccharide-associated bands in the EPS of AnAOB and AerAOB. These results corroborate the data from the photometric measurements. In addition, the EPS of AnAOB (23.1% ± 1.2%) and AerAOB (21.9% ± 1.1%) had a higher portion of α-helices, which is the key protein secondary structure that determines flocculation or cell aggregation, in the amide I band than that of activated sludge (16.7% ± 0.8%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization also revealed significantly different functionalities among the EPS of the three mixed cultures; e.g., O-(C,H), which indicates the presence of polysaccharides, was richer in the EPS of AerAOB, whereas protonated amines, which are commonly found in amino acids and amino sugars, accounted for a large portion of the EPS of AnAOB. The results of this study can potentially expand our knowledge of the microbial aggregates responsible for autotrophic nitrogen removal.

Landfill leachate is organic wastewater with high density nitrogen,which is difficult to deal with.The experiment was based on characteristic with high density nitrogen,adopting chemical precipitation and nitrification denitrification,designed relevant reactor,and study the process on the effect of landfill leachate.The results indicated the removal rate of CODCr,NH3-N were more than 95 % and 90 %,the relevant reactor was fit to treat landfill leachate.

An index system model was established for quantitatively calculating the water environmental carrying capacity of Guangzhou Huadushiling(Jiangcheng) Industrial Transfer Park based on investigation of the present status of its water environment.The weight of each index was determined using the hierarchy analytic process,and the dimension of each index was statistically made to be zero. The comprehensive indices of water environmental carrying capacity of the present year and a forecasted year were calculated.The results show that the comprehensive index will decline without water environmental protection measures.

Based on investigation and analysis of characteristics of urban canal water pollution,suspended biofilm reactor was designed with natural aeration as major circular biofilm colonization which has little biofilm colonization time and abundant microorganism. Continuous experiment was done to simulate canal water when biofilm was mature. Experiment results showed high removal efficiency of COD as well as nitrogen and phosphorus when influent water load consistence was low,which can be applied to treatment of urban canal water.

It's difficult to find a scientific and reasonable forecast model on motor vehicles emission in environment assessment of expressway construction.This paper predicted the emission concentration of the motor vehicles in the operation of the project of the expressway from JieKou to LiangKou in Guangzhou city by the model of CALINE4,also exactly simulated the transmission and diffusion of the emission concentration of the motor vehicles.The results accorded with the trend of motor vehicles emission transmission and diffusion in environment and indicted that it is feasible to apply the model of CALINE4 in environment assessment of expressway construction.

The low cost of concrete eco-film and biological reactor was used in the experiment and the factors and the mechanism of nitrogen removal of concrete eco-film were studied by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results showed that the efficiency of SND nitrogen removal is satisfactory on the natural aeration and normal temperature and pressure, the optimum conditions are as follows:the infall about of COD=200 mg·L-1, C/N=8, HRT=3 h, pH=7.5.The main cause of nitrogen removal mechanism was the uneven distribution of the DO in the reactor and the biology film.

The water quality of surface water in Huadu District of Guangzhou has been assessed comprehensively based on the environmental investigation and monitoring in order to provide the scientific basis for the pollution treatment in the Huadu District. This paper discussed the choice of the evaluated factors, the operations of the weight value, and compares with the status of the water quality in the course of the evaluation. The conclusions indicated that the result of the fuzzy mathematics evaluation represented the water quality of surface water in Huadu District. The water quality of the Huadu District is above satisfactory level, as it exceeded the water quality of class Ⅲ.But the emission of the industry plants has a detrimental effect on the surface water. There is oil and organic pollution near to the Tianma River, the water quality belonged to class Ⅴ.