This paper puts forward the suggestions on plot area and yield estimation methods adopted in the standardized field experimental design and forage yield measurement in view of the problems existed in the published papers such as extreme small plot and sampling areas and absent consideration of marginal effect in field design and forage yield estimation,etc.

以收集的13份披碱草和21份老芒麦野生居群为材料,以13个田间农业生物学性状为基本数据,运用聚类分析中的欧氏距离,分析披碱草和老芒麦各野生居群间的生物多样性,研究结果表明,披碱草和老芒麦野生居群间表型差异明显,生物多样性丰富.根据聚类结果,披碱草和老芒麦分别被分为5个和6个组(类型).披碱草野生居群中采自新疆吉阜康的1个居群(XED1)和新疆伊犁不同地点和生境的3个居群(XED3、XED4、XED5)有较高的牧草生产性能.在老芒麦野生居群中各农艺性状较为突出的是采自新疆阿勒泰地区的老芒麦(XED6),其牧草和种子生产性能远高于其它居群.

The current situation of studies on grazing and utilization of shrubby grasslands by goats at home and abroad was reviewed.The prospect of researches on this area in the future was mentioned.

九、天农青饲1号高粱--苏丹草杂交种 育种者:天津农学院孙守钧、王云、郑根昌、李凤山、刘惠芬 品种来源:以美国引进的TX623A不育系为母本,与甜高粱和苏丹草杂交选育的种间杂种TS185恢复系为父本杂交而成.

回顾了全国牧草品种审定委员会自1987年成立以来全国牧草品种审定工作的进展.到2001年底已召开牧草品种审定会议15次.通过审定登记的牧草、饲料作物、绿肥作物、水土保持植物和草坪草品种共232个.其中育成新品种93个,地方品种39个,引进国外品种62个,野生栽培品种38个,包括禾本科牧草52个种118个品种,豆科牧草34个种92个品种,其他科包括苋科、藜科、菊科、蓼科、葫芦科和大戟科的14个种22个品种.文章介绍了牧草品种审定登记的标准,并对当前牧草品种审定工作中存的问题提出了改进的意见.

研究了不同放牧强度下长江三峡地区灌丛草地植物产量的动态变化.结果表明,灌丛草地上的优势草本植物种是芒,重牧区灌丛草地中芒的地上生物量均显著(P＜0.05)小于对照和轻牧区.对照、轻牧和重牧3种处理下,芒的平均地上生物量(干物质)分别为(749.1±808.7)kg/hm2、(698.6土678.8)kg/hm2和(222.5±100.5)kg/hm2.在对照、轻牧和重牧处理下,灌丛草地禾草、灌木和杂类草的产量组成依次分别为:3.7:1.5:1、5.3:1.6:1、1.5:1.2:1,灌丛草地上禾草的产量动态变化趋势与总产草量的变化基本一致.9月份灌丛草地的产草量最高,对照、轻牧和重牧3个处理的总产草量分别为3 042.8 kg/hm2、2 518.4 kg/hm2和1 180.3 kg/hm2.

接受委托写作这篇卷首语的时候,适逢美国“9.11”事件一周年纪念日。当看过电视转播中,在华盛顿举行的“毒刺”导弹护佑下的纪念仪式后,不禁惊异于这种奢侈的“安全”。同时,笔者联想到与国人生活息息相关的食品安全,如今也是十分“昂贵”,更加感慨不已:原本应是正常存在的

第四届全国牧草品种审定委员会第一次品种审定会议于2000年12月召开.会议有12个品种通过审定,其中,育成品种6个,野生栽培品种1个,引进品种5个.

本文论述了发展草业在农业结构调整中的作用,通过使种植业从传统的粮食作物--经济作物的二元结构向粮食作物--饲料作物--经济作物协调发展的三元结构的转变,使牧草饲料作物栽培成为种植业的重要组成部份,对促进农区畜牧业的发展、增加农民的收入和加强生态环境的保护与建设都有重大的作用.本文并介绍了农区种草的几种方式.

A quantitative study was conducted under goat stocking on characteristics of the shrubby vegetation on a shrubland in the Three Gorges Region. The results showed that there were significant differences (P＜0.05) in the average importance values (AIV) of shrubs among treatments. The AIV of Quercus fabri Hance was the highest among the shrubs for the three treatments (control, light-and heavy-stocking being 57.1%, 51.3% and 39.7% respectively). During the stocking (light-and heavy-stocking) periods of May, July and September, the IVs of Quercus fabri Hance (excepting the heavy-stocking of September) and Wendlandia uvariifolia Hance. (excepting the light-stocking of September) were on the increasing trends, while the IV of Lespedeza formosa (excepting the light-stocking of May) was on the decreasing trends. Meanwhile, the IVs of Quercus fabri Hance、Quercus acutissima、Rhus chinensis、Cryptomeria fortunei、Lespedeza formosa、Coriaria sinica and Rosa cymosa were going up on the light-stocking treatment, and this implicated that in a certain degree the light-stocking treatment may simulate their regrowth and increase their canopy cover to raise their dominancies in the shrubby community. On the other hand, the grazing would also weaken the regrowth of some shrubs which had the higher content of crude protein such as Indigofera inchangensis Craib and Dalbergia hupeana Hance., so the grazing intensity to make these shrubs not to decrease even disappear in the shrubby commnuity should be carefully controled.

从1949年以来,中国牧草新品种选育已取得很大成就,到2000年底,经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草新品种共计90个.其中包括沙打旺、苦荬菜早熟品种,杂花苜蓿、红豆草抗寒品种,苜蓿抗霜霉病、柱花草抗炭疽病品种,苜蓿耐盐品种、耐牧根蘖型品种,白三叶抗旱耐热品种,小黑麦、多花黑麦草多倍体品种,青贮玉米、青贮高粱杂种一代品种,高粱与苏丹草杂交种等新品种.存在问题主要是育成品种数量少,不能满足生产多方面的需要;育种技术和方法有待进一步提高;良种繁育体系不健全,新品种扩繁缓慢,推广面积较小.展望 21世纪,我国牧草育种应从高产、优质、抗病虫和抗逆性几方面努力,培育出更多更好的新品种.建立和完善牧草种质资源保护体系、牧草育种体系和良种繁育体系,以加速我国牧草种子产业的发展.

The proceedings of identification, selection, and genetic basis of alfalfa salt tolerance in China and foreign countries were summarized.

山西五台山野生沙打旺的消化率、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维,酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素等品质均优于栽培型沙打旺.叶茎比在营养期低于栽培型,现蕾期后则高于栽培型.现蕾期是营养品质参数出现明显变化的转折点.用野生沙打旺杂交改良栽培沙打旺的消化率具有一定的可行性.

为探讨灌木生物量估测模型,以便得出估测灌木生物量及产量的简易方法.研究了长江三峡地区主要灌木植物的生物量及产量与植株冠幅的相关规律.结果表明,灌木当年生枝叶产量及地上生物量与植株冠幅呈显著(P＜0.01)的正相关:Y=a·D.

Genetic diversity of Astragalus adsurgens Pall.Germplasm(bred varieties,local materials and wild materials)was firstly analysed by RAPD.The results indicated that DNA polymorphism of wild materials was larger than of bred varie ties and local materials.Among 13 varieties(materials),gene diversity of Shanxi Qinshui was the largest,proportion of polymorphic loci of ShanxiWutaishan was the highest.The total gene diversity and average of intramaterial gene diversity of wild materials were all larger than of bred varieties and local materials.The range of genetic variation within wild materials was the largest,the range of genetic variation within bred varieties was the smallest.Genetic differentiation among wild materials was obvious and gene differentiation coefficient of it was larger than of bred varieties and local materials.

The characteristics of Astragalus adsurgens Pall.with strong resistance and A.cicer L.with good quality are complementary in the genus Astragalus .Cross incompatibility and pollen stigma interaction were studied in different sides because hybrids failed to get between A.astragalus Pall.and A.cicer L..The results showed that parental pollen vigor and fertility were not the main cause of cross incompatibility.It expressed as followed:Firstly,pollen tubes failed to enter into materal stigma,some pollen tubes twined on the surface of stigma after germination,often with tips inflation or bursting. Secondly,if pollen tubes entered into stigma,growth was retarded with callose plug deposition,then they stopped to grow because of inhibition.The expression sites of cross incompatibility between A.adsurgens Pall.and A.cicer L.were similar to ones of parental self incompatibility.In according to the research results,methods which could overcome hybridization barriers were put forward.It will offer foundation for hybridization breeding of A.astragalus Pall.and A.cicer L.

利用种子贮藏蛋白电泳和RAPD技术对沙打旺育成品种、地方材料和野生材料的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究.沙打旺野生材料的多态性明显高于育成品种和地方材料,其总基因多样性、平均基因多样性均大于育成品种和地方材料,材料内遗传变异幅度最大,异质性较高;野生材料间遗传分化明显,基因分化系数比育成品种间和地方材料间大.地方材料间遗传分化不明显.育成品种遗传变异幅度最小,品种内异质性低.鉴于沙打旺地方材料和野生材料具有丰富的遗传多样性和广泛的适应性,这些材料应重点保护,是育种和开发利用的优良资源.

我国曾在80年代提出了立草为业、发展草业、草业先行进行的科学论断,对我国的草业的发展起到了一定的推动作用.但是,由于没有建成有产品、有市场和有经济效益的产业,草业的发展比较缓慢.

根据苜蓿产业化三年来的科技攻关,比较系统地分析了苜蓿产业化发展的有利因素和不利因素,提出了实现苜蓿产业化的战略途径.

在三峡地区灌丛草地研究放牧山羊的日粮组成及其喜食性.结果表明,在山羊日粮中50%以上由灌木植物组成.山羊对灌木的喜食性指数极显著地高于禾草和杂类草(P＜0.01),而对禾草和杂类草喜食性的差异不明显.在灌木中,山羊对马桑和杉木等的喜食程度较高,其中马桑的喜食性指数为63%,而麻栎、水锦树和柳杉仅为15%、13%和12%.对于禾草,山羊明显喜食芒和黄背草(P＜0.05),喜食性指数分别为16%和12%.对杂类草中的竹节草喜食性指数为13%.