采用PISA2018的数据,对我国四省市11182个样本进行研究,探索教师热情对中学生成就动机的影响机制。研究发现,中学生在感知到的教师热情和情感归属方面存在性别差异;教师热情、学生情感归属和学生成就动机显著相关;中学生的情感归属在教师热情和成就动机种起着中介作用。

The major royal-jelly proteins (MRJPs) are the main constituents responsible for the specific physiological role of royal jelly (RJ) in honeybees. Male and female Drosophila flies were fed diets containing either no MRJPs (A) or casein (B) at 1.25% (w/w) of diet or MRJPs at 1.25% (C), 2.50% (D), or 5.00% (E). Diets B, C, D, and E increased mean lifespan by 4.3%, 9.0%, 12.4%, and 13.9% in males and by 5.8%, 9.7%, 20.0%, and 11.8% in females in comparison to results from diet A, respectively. The diet supplemented with 2.50% MRJPs seems to have the optimal dose to improve both physiological and biochemical measures related to aging in both sexes. Interestingly, lifespan extension by MRJPs in Drosophila was positively associated with feeding and fecundity and up-regulation of copper and zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and the Egfr-mediated signaling pathway. This study provides strong evidence that MRJPs are important components of RJ for prolonging lifespan in Drosophila.

Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), designated apalbumin 1, has been regarded as a freshness marker of royal jelly (RJ). A MRJP1-specific peptide (IKEALPHVPIFD) identified by bioinformatics analysis of homologous members of the major royal protein family was synthesized and used to raise polyclonal anti-MRJP1 antibody (anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody). Western blot analysis showed that anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody only reacted with MRJP1 in RJ. In contrast, the previously reported antibody against recombinant MRJP1 (anti-R-MRJP1 antibody) reacted with other members of MRJP family in RJ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody demonstrated that MRJP1 content in RJ stored at 40 °C significantly degraded by 37.3%, 55.9%, 58.0%, 60.6%, 65.7%, 72.7%, and 73.1% at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d, respectively, when compared with MRJP1 content in fresh RJ (0 d). Optical density analysis of MRJP bands from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles demonstrated that the degradation of MRJP1, MRJP2, MRJP3, and MRJP5 in RJ was strongly and positively correlated with the period of storage (P<0.0001). Our results indicated anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody was highly specific for MRJP1, and ELISA using the antibody is a sensitive and easy-to-use method to determine the freshness and authenticity of RJ.

Major Royal Jelly Proteins( MRJPs) was extracted by centrifugation from royal jelly( RJ).The orthogonal experiment optimized with four parameters,ratio of solution to royal jelly,pH,extracting time and ionic strength was implemented.The quality of MRJPs,the trans-10-hydroxy-decenoic and total sugar in by-product were analyzed.Orthogonal experiment showed the factors affecting MRJPs extraction rate in descending order of size were: ionic strength pH extracting time ratio of solution to RJ.81.14% of MRJPs was obtained from RJ under the optimum extraction conditions( the ratio of solution to RJ 8mL /g,pH8,extracting time 8h,ionic strength 0.5mol /L).Analysis of SDS-PAGE and ELISA of extracted MRJPs showed that it possessed molecular weight ranged from 42.1 to 97.4ku,and that its purity reached 71.7%.The by- product contained 2.91% of trans-10- hydroxy-2- decenoic acid and1.26% of total sugar,respectively. The results provided essential scientific knowledge for development of MRJPs and utilization of its by-products.

Curcumin is a polyphenolic bioactive compound in turmeric. We examined if antioxidant effects of curcumin are associated with lifespan extension in Drosophila. In this experiment, females and males of Drosophila were fed diets either containing no curcumin (C0) or supplemented with curcumin at 0.5 (C1) and 1.0 (C2) mg/g of diet. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and expression of seven age-related genes in females and males were analyzed. We found that C1 and C2 increased mean lifespan by 6.2 % and 25.8 % in females, and by 15.5 % and 12.6 % in males, respectively. Meanwhile, C1 and C2 significantly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD activity in both genders. Diets C1 in females and C2 in males are effective in extending mean lifespan and improving levels of two physiological and biochemical measures related to aging in Drosophila . Lifespan extension of curcumin in Drosophila was associated with the up-regulation of Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD genes, and the down-regulation of dInR , ATTD , Def , CecB , and DptB genes. The present results suggest that curcumin increases mean lifespan of Drosophila via regulating gene expression of the key enzyme SOD and reducing accumulation of MDA and lipid peroxidation. This study provided new insights for understanding the anti-aging mechanism of curcumin in Drosophila .

Curcumin is one of polyphenolic compounds extracted from the rhizome of turmeric,one of Chinese traditional medical herbs,which had been used as medicine,spice and food additive at home and aboard for a long time. It drew a high attention in functional food industry in recent years due to its diversed bioactivities including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, anti-tumors, anti-atherosclerosis, inhibiting obesity, delaying aging,neural protection and anti-Alzheimer＇s disease. According to the existing weakness of curcumin, it was suggested that to make great effort to increase its bioavailabilitv will be the main research ohinnt in fi Jh ira

The royal jelly（RJ）is the critical environment factors of caste determination,becoming worker or queen in development for honeybee larvae.Main royal jelly proteins（MRJPs）are the important quality index revealed RJ fresh level.According to Kamakura’s new discovery with honey bee and Drosophila as models,MRJP1 was the critical factors of caste determination in honeybee.The appearance of the characters of queen,such as increasing of body weight,decreasing of developmental time and ovary development appeared were caused by activating an epidermal growth factor receptor（Egfr）signaling pathway in fat body.Therefore,it was essential to further study the nutritional functions and mechanism of MRJP1 in human in future,which will provide knowledge for the protein to be applied in functional foods.