对家兔的几种常见呼吸道疾病(巴氏杆菌病、波氏杆菌病、肺炎双球菌病、支原体肺炎、绿脓杆菌病)的临床诊断和防治措施作一综述,以期为家兔的健康安全养殖提供参考和借鉴.

目的 了解西昌市鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药情况.方法 试验对2018—2019年西昌地区采集的82份病死鸡样本进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性检测.通过培养特性、染色特点、形态观察、PCR鉴定及致病性试验,共分离到38株致病性大肠杆菌,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验.结果 38株致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、强力霉素、复方新诺明耐药率高于90％,对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素耐药性高于60％,对阿莫西林克拉维酸钾耐药率达到31.6％,对阿米卡星和多粘菌素保持较高的敏感性,耐药率为13.2％和7.9％,38株大肠杆菌多重耐药率高达100％.结论 西昌地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性强、耐药谱广.

为了解西昌地区猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌的耐药情况,本试验对2016～2018年西昌地区21个猪场的106个病猪样本进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性检测.通过培养特性、染色特点和形态观察以及PCR鉴定、致病性试验,共分离到28株肠外致病性大肠杆菌.采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,结果显示28株致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、强力霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、复方新诺明耐药严重,耐药率高于85％,对阿米卡星和头孢喹肟保持较高的敏感性,耐药率分别为14.3％和10.7％.28株大肠杆菌的多重耐药率高达100％,表明西昌地区猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性强、耐药谱广.

川西北高原有着发展牦牛经济的传统优势,但由于历史、自然条件等多方面的原因,牦牛饲养还是完全依赖于传统的放牧饲养模式.夏季牧草丰富,牦牛生长速度快;到了冷季,由于气候寒冷、牧草缺乏,放牧牦牛生长停滞,掉膘严重,体重下降幅度大,体弱有病的甚至死亡.为了提高牦牛成活率,走出牦牛“夏壮、秋肥、冬瘦、春死”恶性循环的怪圈,提升农牧民的养殖效益,本文结合生产实际,探索了一种牦牛“半放牧半舍饲”养殖模式,放牧按牧区传统方式进行,重点讲舍饲育肥技术.

淋巴细胞增殖足反映细胞免疫最直接的指标.T细胞和B细胞受到抗原物质刺激后能分裂增殖、发牛特异性免疫应答、产生抗体或淋巴因子,是机体最重要的免疫效应细胞.

The effect of Epimedium-Propolis adjuvant on the NK cell activity of mousy splenic and chicken’s peripheral blood was tested respectively by microassay LDH release.The results were as follows:The NK cell activity of mousy splenic decreased with the sequence as follows:group Ⅰ (treated by EPA only) group Ⅳ (treated with physidogical saline solution),group Ⅱ (treated by EPA with Cyclophosphamidum),group Ⅲ (treated with Cyelophosphamidum only).The difference among these group atoresaid was remarkable(P＜0.05 orP＜0.01) but between the group Ⅱ and Ⅳ no significant(P＞0.05).The difference in the 4-week-old mice was superior to that in the 8-week-old mice.The NK cell activity of chicken in those groups treated with EPA was significantly superior to those treated by physiological saline only on the 35th day and ,moreover,the activity in those treated by 0.4ml EPA was higher than those by 0.2ml EPA(P＜0.05).These results indicated that the EPA could not only enhance the NK cell activity of experimental animals,but also resist the immunosuppression by the Cyelophosphamidum,especially to the juvenile animal.And there was some kinds of relation between the effect and the dosage of the EPA.

The time of enzymatic reacting, ratio of effector cell to target cell, measuring wavelength, time of incubation and the FCS concentration supplemented in maintance medium were measured in the present study. The results were as follows: the best time of enzymatic reacting was 10 minutes; the reasonable radio of effector cell to target cell was 15 to 1; the wavelength of 570 nm was the best, because of its best linearity; two hours was the reasonable time of incubation; the less the FCS concentration supplied, the better the results. For this reason, 2% FCS was chosen in our test.