【Objective】 The aim of this study was to understand the effect of Xiaochengqi powder on the intestinal microbiota of sows with constipation and investigate the mechanism of Xiaochengqi powder to alleviate constipation.【Method】 A total of 27 bi-crossbreeding sows（Yorkshire×Landrace, 3-5 fetal periods） were selected and divided into healthy control group, constipation group and experimental group according to fecal conditions, each group had 3 replicates and each replicate had 3 pigs.The pigs in healthy control group and pigs in constipation group were given normal diets, and experimental group were added Xiaochengqi powder to the diet（60 g/（head·d）） once daily for three consecutive days.The fresh fecal samples of each group were collected on the fourth day, and the total DNA of the microbial genome was extracted.The microbial community diversity of the samples was detected using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology.【Result】 The microbial flora in the feces of constipation group was significantly changed, and the Simpson index was significantly different from healthy control group and experimental group（P＜0.05）.At the phylum level, there was a significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes（P＜0.05） and extremely significant increase in Proteobacteria（P＜0.01） in the gut microbiome of the sows in constipation group compared to healthy control group.Compared with constipation group, Bacteroidetes were significantly increased（P＜0.05）,and Firmicutes had on increating tendency（P＞0.05）, and Proteobacteria were extremely significantly reduced（P＜0.01） in experimental group.At the genus level, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were extremely significantly decreased（P＜0.01）,Clostridium＿ⅪVa, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased（P＜0.05）,while Acinetobacter and Escherichia＿Shigella were extremely significantly increased（P＜0.01）,Clostridium＿sensu＿stricto and Romboutsia were both significantly increased（P＜0.05） in the intestinal microbiome of sows in constipation group compared to healthy control group.In experimental group, there was an extremely significant increase in Prevotella（P＜0.01）,a significant increase in Lachnospiraceae（P＜0.05）,and an extremely significant decrease in Acinetobacter compared to constipation group（P＜0.01）.Acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid concentrations in the stools of sows in experimental group were all be considerably increased compared to constipation group（P＜0.05）.【Conclusion】 Xiaochengqi powder might enhance the intestinal microbiome structure of sows with constipation, increase the amount of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） in the intestine, and accomplish a new balance of intestinal microorganisms.

目的 了解西昌市鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药情况.方法 试验对2018—2019年西昌地区采集的82份病死鸡样本进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性检测.通过培养特性、染色特点、形态观察、PCR鉴定及致病性试验,共分离到38株致病性大肠杆菌,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验.结果 38株致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、强力霉素、复方新诺明耐药率高于90％,对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素耐药性高于60％,对阿莫西林克拉维酸钾耐药率达到31.6％,对阿米卡星和多粘菌素保持较高的敏感性,耐药率为13.2％和7.9％,38株大肠杆菌多重耐药率高达100％.结论 西昌地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性强、耐药谱广.

为了解西昌地区猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌的耐药情况,本试验对2016～2018年西昌地区21个猪场的106个病猪样本进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性检测.通过培养特性、染色特点和形态观察以及PCR鉴定、致病性试验,共分离到28株肠外致病性大肠杆菌.采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,结果显示28株致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、强力霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、复方新诺明耐药严重,耐药率高于85％,对阿米卡星和头孢喹肟保持较高的敏感性,耐药率分别为14.3％和10.7％.28株大肠杆菌的多重耐药率高达100％,表明西昌地区猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性强、耐药谱广.

为研究双黄连口服液对鸡口服氟苯尼考药代动力学的影响.将20只鸡随机分成对照组与双黄连口服液联用组,各10只.联用组连续7 d灌服双黄连口服液(2 mL/kg,1次/d),对照组则给予相同体积的生理盐水,第8天两组各10只鸡按30 mg/kg灌服氟苯尼考,给药后按时间点连续采样,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测氟苯尼考血药浓度,DAS2.0分析药代学参数.结果显示:联用双黄连口服液后,氟苯尼考药时曲线下面积(AUC0-24h)和平均滞留时间(MRT0-24h)显著增加(P<0.01),清除速率(CLz)极显著降低(P<0.01).双黄连口服液与氟苯尼考联用可降低氟苯尼考在鸡体内消除速度,提高口服生物利用度,对氟苯尼考有增效作用.

新生仔猪腹泻发生率高,病死率高,因其病因复杂,在防治工作中开发新型中兽药制剂已成为研究热点. 参金止痢口服液是由党参、金银花、干姜、半夏、藿香、甘草、茯苓、陈皮、白术等经水醇提取法提取后,加工制成的,其具有芳香化湿、和胃止呕之功效, 可用于脾胃不和与霍乱吐泻之证.参金止痢口服液防治新生仔猪腹泻的临床试验如下.

为了解四川地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,本试验对2015～2017年四川地区40个猪场的125个病猪样本进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性检测.结果共分离到37株致病性大肠杆菌,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,发现37株致病性大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、四环素、阿莫西林、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、庆大霉素、强力霉素的耐药性强,耐药率高于80％,对四环素的耐药率甚至达到了100％;对阿米卡星有较高的敏感性,耐药率为13.5％;所有菌株的多重耐药率高达100％,表明四川地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性强、耐药谱广.

肠外致病性大肠杆菌是一类定殖于肠道外组织并引起严重感染的大肠杆菌,临床上可引起人的泌尿系统感染、新生儿脑膜炎、败血症、肺炎、心内膜炎,家禽的腹膜炎、肉芽肿,猪的败血症、肺炎、脑膜炎[1-3].我国猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)在兽医临床上的分离率和对动物的危害逐年增加[2-3].国内外对猪源普通大肠杆菌耐药性及耐药机理的研究较多,而对猪源ExPEC耐药性研究较少,本试验在前期猪肠外大肠杆菌流行病学和耐药性调查的基础上,开展了对猪源ExPEC氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药机制的研究,探讨了ExPEC与普通大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药性的差异,对该病的防控具有理论和实践意义.

This paper studied the isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) from 210 pig′s samples in Sichuan province. Forty ExPEC strains were collected by morphological,cultural character,pathogenicity test and PCR assay. Most of the ExPEC strains were isolated from lungs and lymph nodus. The antimicrobial resistance test showed that 34 ExPEC strains resistant to 6 antimicrobials at least and the resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin and kanamycin was highest (resistance rate >80%), followed by fluoroquinolones (resistance rate was 50.0%~52.5%),all ExPEC strains had higher susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactam,amikacin and cefixime (resistance rate <20%).

The antimicrobial activities of different solvent fractions of extract of 7 Chinese herbal medicine against clinical and standard isolates of Staphylococcus aurous and Escherichia coli were investigated. It was to provide a test basis for Chinese herbal medicine used clinically as antimicrobial , reducing antibiotic dosages and reducing pathogenic bacteria drug resistance. The dried herb was extracted twice with 65% ethanol (with 2h reflux), concentrated under reduced pressure, and centrifuged. The antimicrobial activity of supernatant and precipitation fractions were evaluated by cup-plate method. The results indicated that the supernatant and precipitation fractions of Radix paeoniae rubra , Fructus forsythiae and Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae exhibited obviously antimicrobial activity on standard and clinical isolates. Herba andrographitis ,Rhizoma curcumae,and Radix gentianae macrophyllae had antimicrobial effects on part of these strains,however,the antimicrobial effect of Rhizoma anemarrhenae supernatant was not obvious. The antimicrobial activities of precipitation fractions were more obvious than that of supernatant,and Radix paeoniae rubra,Fructus forsythiae and Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae were the most.

<正>自荷兰的Jansen和Van Dorssen 1951年对猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)感染首次报道以来,猪链球菌的感染在世界上所有养猪业发达的国家陆续都有报道。目前发现的35个荚膜血清型中,

In order to study the immune program of infectious bursal disease vaccine in chickens,the virulences,immune effects and effects on Newcastle disease immunization were observed respectively in three infectious bursal disease virus live vaccines,including MB,G606 and B38 strains.The results showed that MB was the most virulent strain,G606 was the second and B38 was the lowest virulent strain.MB strain had the more capability to breakthrough the IBD maternal antibody than the other two strains,and G606 was the next,B38 was the last.But B38 could induce the highest antibody titer in the three strains,next was MB strain and G606 was the last.MB strain could decrease the antibody titer induced by Newcastle disease vaccine,G606 and B38 had no effect on it.

禽痘是家禽的一种急性、接触性传染病,病的特征是在家禽的无毛或少毛的皮肤上发生痘疹,或在禽口腔、咽喉部粘膜形成纤维素性坏死性假膜.在集约化的大型养殖场易造成流行,可使增重缓慢、消瘦,死淘率增加.目前无特效药治疗,免疫接种是预防此病的唯一可靠方法.预防该病使用的为弱毒活疫苗,采用的免疫方法为鸡翅内侧无血管处皮下刺种,传统操作法为冻干疫苗稀释后以钢笔尖或刺痘针蘸取疫苗液进行刺种.此法在使用过程中存在一定缺点,因此,我们引进了法国Desvac公司的鸡痘刺种注射器(Fowl Pox Vaccinator),通过临床应用并与刺痘针对比,现将使用情况进行如下介绍,以供同行参考.

Identification,pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens that were isolated from an acute clinical mastitis cow were proceeded in this study.This case of clinical mastitis was caused by Staphyloccocus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed infection.Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed stronger pathogenic to mice.The three bacteria strains had the high antibiotics resistance to the antibiotics used frequently in the veterinary clinical.

<正>随着家兔养殖的集约化和规模化,兔场呼吸道疾病呈增加趋势。笔者于2009~2010年走访了成都周边地区规模化兔场,发现该病具有普遍性,患病成年兔表现为流黏液性或脓性鼻涕,打喷嚏,剖检主要见肺实变、出血性肺炎、化脓性肺炎或纤维素性胸

自荷兰的Jansen和Van Dorssen 1951年对猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)感染首次报道以来,猪链球菌的感染在世界上所有养猪业发达的国家陆续有报道.目前发现的35个荚膜血清型中,以荚膜2型感染为主,主要引起猪的急性败血症、脑膜炎、多发性关节炎,也可引起生猪从业人员的感染和死亡,是一种重要的人畜共患传染病.

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是国际上公认的危害现代养猪业的五大疾病之一。在我国,其血清阳性率呈上升趋势,研究快速、科学、准确的诊断方法对于本病的监测和控制具有很大的意义。本文就该病的血清学诊断技术研究进展作一综述,重点介绍ELISA检测方法的进展。

<正>鸡传染性法氏囊病(infectious bursal disease,IBD)是危害雏鸡健康的主要疾病之一,临床上常发生较高死亡率,且引起免疫抑制,导致其它疾病爆发,给家禽养殖场带来较大经济损失。笔者近年接触很多商品蛋鸡育雏场,即使进行了疫苗免疫,IBD