针对青稞产业已进入粮饲兼用和加工增值两个新发展阶段的现状,选育成功适应不同生态区种植的粮草双高青稞新品种昆仑14号和昆仑15号,其中昆仑14号是青海省第一个通过国家鉴定的青稞品种,首次提出以"促蘖增穗"为核心的青稞粮草双高栽培技术模式,新品种及配套栽培技术已在青海省内外大面积推广应用;首次研究构建了青稞加工适宜性评价体系,研发青稞加工产品7个,建成全国最大的青稞原料生产基地,第一次完成全国最大的有机青稞基地认证;同时成立了青稞产业技术创新战略联盟,实现了青稞技术研发与成果转化应用的第一次联合与协作.

HVA1 , a member of LEA3 (late embryogenesis abundant protein, group 3), is closely related to water stress. However, the response of HVA1 to drought remains unknown in hulless barley. In this study, cultivars with high (Handizi), intermediate (Kunlun 12), and low (Dama) drought tolerance were selected from 28 hulless barley cultivars from the Tibet-Qinghai plateau to explore the drought response mechanism of HVA1 . Then, HVA1 was cloned and the expression of the three cultivars was studied using exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. HVA1s in the three hulless barleys were highly homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with over 99% identity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression level of HVA1 induced by PEG 6000 had a single peak curve in the three cultivars, but higher HVA1 transcript accumulation was seen in Handizi than in Kunlun 12 and Dama under the same drought stress. This result was also proved in eight hulless barleys. The expression level was a better predictor of drought resistance than the genetic structure of HVA1 .

裸大麦在青藏高原称作青稞,是高寒冷凉地区海拔4000 m地区唯一能成熟的作物,也是青海省的特色作物,开发晚,开发少.随着近年来科技和现代医学的研究,发现它营养丰富,含有丰富的膳食纤维,对人体可防病、抗病、提高人体免疫力,同时它也是维持人体生命的长寿食物.本文对裸大麦(青稞)的开发利用现状进行了阐述,对其功能作用作了介绍,并就市场需求以及开发利用中存在问题进行了分析,同时提出了相应的对策.

为了解青稞种子胚胎成熟晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)基因Hva1与青稞抗旱性的关系,以抗旱性强的旱地紫青稞和抗旱性弱的大麻青稞为材料,研究了不同浓度PEG胁迫下Hva1基因在两个青稞品种中的表达模式.结果表明,Hva1基因在抗旱性不同的两个青稞品种中的表达均呈单峰模式,且抗旱性强的旱地紫青稞表达峰值和对应的PEG胁迫浓度均高于抗旱性弱的大麻青稞;PEG胁迫浓度大于13.18％时,旱地紫青稞的Hva1基因表达量高于大麻青稞.可见,Hva1基因的表达在青稞的抗旱中起到重要的作用,为此我们成功构建了青稞Hva1基因的过量表达载体,期望为抗逆性基因在青稞中的应用和抗旱新品种的选育奠定基础.

The desertification status of Qinghai Plateau was studied and analyzed in detail,the climate features in Qinghai Region were introduced,the desertification causes were analyzed,the improvement measures were studied.

Barley(naked barley)is the second barley crops in Qinghai Province . It plays an important role in agricultural production in Qinghai Province.Barley was affected by pests and diseases in the southern breeding plus generation which affected the quality of work places plus generation.In this paper,occurred features and control methods of main pests and diseases in Yunnan were introduced for reference.

昆仑14号是青海省农林科学院作物所选育的青稞优良新品种，原代号09YN-13，大麦属变种。2013年12月4日通过青海省农作物品种审定委员会审定，定名为昆仑14号。该品种具有生育期短、品质优良、植株矮抗倒伏、中抗条纹病和云纹病、丰产性好、适应广等特点。

对三江源农牧业用地生态变化进行了调查,提出了相应的治理对策.结果发现,三江源草地资源,在人为和自然因素的作用下,正在发生逆向演替,草地优势种群演化、草群结构变化、草地生产力下降,使得草地可利用面积减少,导致天然草地退化和载畜能力下降,生态“三化”问题加剧,已对农牧业经济的发展形成严重制约.

With the increase in population and overgrazing as well as unauthorized hacking,digging,reclamation caused serious ecological damage,making desertification in Qinghai Province area continues to expand. In order to control desertification,give full play to the role of science and technology functions,afforestation,greening the desert,to reduce the area of desertification. The important roles of forestry science and technology function in Qinghai desertification were summarized,the prospect was forecasted.

为了解青稞新品种昆仑13号的产量影响因素,本试验以昆仑13号为材料,研究了在三类不同生态区的肥料和密度试验对其产量、田间群体密度和产量性状的影响.结果表明,3个生态区肥料和密度试验表明生态环境对昆仑13号产量的影响较大,昆仑13号在3个生态区的平均产量变幅为3 148-6 510 kg/hm2,生态环境和播种量对昆仑13号田间群体密度产生直接和重要的影响.试验给出了昆仑13号在3个生态区达到目标产量需要施入尿素、磷酸二铵和播量的最优实施方案.这些栽培措施组合和不同生态区高产分析建议可以作为昆仑13号青稞新品种在青海省青稞主产区大面积推广种植的高产栽培措施优化方案.

In this paper,the main hazard factors of highland barley in Qinghai plateau,such as disease,insect pest and weeds were reviewed and effective prevention and control measures were proposed as well.

Menyuan County high altitude cold climate, crop types, very few main cultivated crops are barley （Hordettm vulgate L.）, and rapeseed; due to extensive farming, technological backwardness, widespread serious weed. In order to better carry out the on weed control, reduce the harm barley production, on weed types and occurrence period of a detailed investigation, and control method has been elaborated.

The photosynthetic characteristics,including diurnal variation of leaf net photosynthetic rate,cholorphyll fluorescence parameter,chlorophyll content in three-leaf stage of two highland barley cultivars(Hordeum vulgare L.var.Nudum Hook.f),Beiqing 6 and Kunlun 12,were comptered.The results shows that there are double peaks in diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate.There is significant difference in chlorophyll content,whereas chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv / Fm) is not.

<正>一、特征特性"昆仑13号"是青海省农林科学院作物所选育的高β-葡聚糖青稞优良新品种。2009年12月通过青海省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种适应性强,抗倒伏,中早熟,全生育期100～103

介绍了新培育的青稞新品种昆仑13号,该品种产量3750～4725kg/h㎡,适应性强,抗倒伏,中早熟,并主要介绍了其栽培技术.

Highland Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) is one of the major food crops in Qinghai Province. For the purpose of researching the classification of the main cultivated highland barley varieties in Qinghai province on cell level, the karyotypes of four highland barley cultivars were studied by the method of squash with the young leaves. The results indicated that: the karyotype formula of ' beiqing3 ' was 2n=2x=14= 12m+2m sat , the karyotype formula of ' beiqing6 ' was 2n=2x=14=10m+4sm sat , the karyotype formula of ' dulihuang ' was 2n=2x=14=12m + 2m sat , the karyotype formula of ' kun12 ' was 2n=2x=14=10m + 4m sat . The karyotypes of four cultivars were Stebbins-1. The result of the phylogenetic analysis of four cultivars showed that the karyotypes of 4 cultivars differentiate in some degree, which may be caused by different genetic backgrounds.

Study on esterase(EST) isozyme and its PAGE method in highland barley cultivars in Qinghai Province was carried out.The result showed that the suitable extraction buffer of EST isozyme is pH 8.3 0.1mol/L Tis-Gly buffer+0.1% mercaptoethanol.The experiments on EST isozyme in Highland Barley Cultivars in Qinghai Province shows that the esterase isozymes zymogram of different highland barley species have differences and the total number of bands were 8,including four characteristic bands appeared in all cultivars,i.e.the fifth weak band in slow region and the sixth,seventh,eighth weak band in fast region.Kunlun12 and Beiqing 6 are the closest relationship and Kunlun12 and Dulihuang are closer,however,Kunlun12 and Beiqing 3 are the farthest relationship.

昆仑13号品种是青海省农林科学院作物所2009年选育的青稞优良新品种,于2009年12月10日青海省第七届农作物品种审定委员会第4次会议审定通过,品种合格证号为青审大麦2009001号.原代号鉴16,属大麦属Var: Walpersii Korn变种,定名昆仑13号.

<正>西芹属耐寒性蔬菜,要求较冷凉湿润的环境条件,在高温干旱条件下生长不良。西芹营养生长适宜的温度为15～20℃。在内地夏季由于气温高、光照强,芹菜

A highland naked barley new variety Kunlun 12 was offered.The variety outputs is about 3750～4500kg·ha(-1),and strength in adaptation,and resistance to lodging.At the same timd,its culture Technique was offered.