Enterprise coaching has been increasingly utilized in enterprise management in recent years.The effects of coaching highly depend not only on the coach’s ability and behavior,but also the coachee’s coachability.After a brief introduc-tion of athlete coachability,this paper reviews the research progress of employee coachability(including its conception,evalua-tion and enhancement),and then discusses its applications and research trends.

It has been a trend to apply enterprise coaching to managerial fields.Enterprise coaching has been gradually recognized and used by more and more large and medium companies.This paper summarizes the effects of enterprise coaching on managerial functions such as planning,organization,leadership,controlling and innovation.The introduction and reforcement of enterprise coaching enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of managerial practice.

Objective To investigate the association between transforming growth factor β3 gene(TGFβ3) CA repeat variant and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(nsCL/P) in Chinese newborns.Methods TGFβ3 CA variant was detected using PCR-SSCP for DNA samples from 170 triads with nsCL/P affected children.We performed the Transmission/disequilibrium test(TDT),Haplotype-Based Haplotype Relative Risk(HHRR) and the family-based association study(FBAT) to test the associations between this variant and risk of nsCL/P.Results Although no significant distortion of A allele at TGFβ3 CA variant in nsCL/P families was found using TDT(OR=1.38,95 %CI 0.93~2.06) and HHRR(OR=1.31,95 %CI 0.93~1.84) analysis(P0.05),a significant association was detected between the TGFβ3 CA variant and their risk of having nsCL/P under FBAT models.Conclusion TGFβ3 CA variant may be a risk factor for nsCL/P in Chinese newborns,but further research is warranted with a larger sample size.

Enterprise coaching is known as the most revolutionary and effective management technology in this century. It has become one of the latest managerial approaches for business circles in Europe and the United States to enhance productivity today. This paper summarizes the definitions and connotations of coaching, outlines the coaching models and approaches in practice, introduces academic findings in coaching evaluations, and discusses the future re-search directions in this area.

根据Reid学习风格调查表对在校非英语专业学习者进行的调查结果,从横向和纵向比较分析了学习者学英语时学习风格的个体差异和原因以及在新形势下对个性化英语教学的启示。

<正>英国杰出的文学理论家特里·伊格尔顿在《威廉·莎士比亚》一书中提出这样一个观点:“像鲍西娅(《威尼斯商人》)之类的女英雄,实际

Under the new circumstance of College English reform and based on the responses over 200 students of a survey, this article revealed the positive meanings of suggestopedia in college English classroom teaching of a new situation. Then, optimize classroom-teaching and improve the efficiency of classroom teaching.

According to the results of college Spoken English spot test and the discovered problems,this paper has analyzed the reasons of students' low oral-ability and then put forward some relative measures to improve spoken English teaching from the aspect of subject and object.

OBJECTIVETo study the association between transforming growth factor alpha gene (TGFalpha) TaqI variant and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) in Chinese population, and the interaction with parental smoking.METHODSTGFalpha TaqI variant was detected using RFLP-PCR for DNA samples of the 170 triads with nsCL/P affected child. We performed the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and the family-based association study (FBAT) to test the associations between this variant and risk of nsCL/P.RESULTSIt was not found significant distortion of C2 allele at TGFalpha TaqI locus in nsCL/P groups (P > 0.05), however, by stratified analysis, we found that the rate of C2 allele transmission among nuclear families whose fathers were smoking was 1/5 (0.062 - 0.711) as compared with that among nuclear families whose fathers were not smoking, and the OR of interaction between TGFalpha variant and parental smoking is 0.102 (0.017 - 0.619).CONCLUSIONThe parental smoking may interact with TGFalpha variants of Chinese populations in occurrence of nsCL/P, but it remains to have more investigations.

OBJECTIVE:To study the association between transforming growth factor alpha gene (TGFalpha) TaqI variant and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) in Chinese population.METHODS:TGFalpha TaqI variant was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for DNA samples of the 149 triads with nsCL/P affected child. We performed the Transmission/disequilibrium test and the family-based association study (FBAT) to identify the associations between this variant and risk of nsCL/P.RESULTS:Significant distortion of C2 allele at TGFalpha TaqI locus in nsCL/P groups (P > 0.05) was not found. In the family-based association test, C2 allele and offspring C2C1 genotype was not found to be significantly associated with an increase risk of nsCL/P (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Our findings did not suggest an association between offspring TGFalpha TaqI variant and the increased risk of nsCL/P in Chinese population.

孕产妇死亡率不仅是反映一个国家或地区妇女保健状况,而且还是衡量该地区经济、文化、医疗保健水平的重要指标.为了解我国经济相对发达地区孕产妇死亡和死亡原因的变化情况,我们于2000年5～8月对经济相对发达的江苏省苏州市和浙江省嘉兴市及其所属县(简称苏嘉地区)进行了相关研究,结果报告如下.

OBJECTIVE:To study the association between reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1) polymorphism and congenital heart defects (CHD) as well as cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) and to provide epidemiological evidence on genetic markers of CHD and CLP.METHODS:RFC1 (A80G) genotype was detected using RFLP-PCR for blood DNA of the 67 triads with nonsyndromic CHD-affected child, the 82 triads with child-affected cleft lip with or without CLP and the 100 control families without child-affected birth defects. We performed a family-based association test and analyzed the interaction between RFC1 A80G genotype and maternal periconceptional supplementation of folic acid.RESULTS:Offspring of mothers who did not take folic acid had an elevated risk for CHD when comparing with offspring of mothers who did (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.14 - 6.41). There was a statistical association between the risk of CHD and maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation (chi(2) = 6.213, P < 0.05). In the family-based association test, G allele was positively associated with an increased risk for children CHD (Z = 2.140, P < 0.05) while G allele of RFC1 (A80G) polymorphism might increase the risk for CHD. Elevated risks for either CLP group were not observed between RFC1 genotype using or not using folic acid.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggested that the G allele was likely to be a genetically susceptible allele for CHD. There was possible association between offspring with GG, GA genotype and maternal periconceptional folicacid deficiency.

Objective To investigate the relationship of prenatal vistis with perinatal outcome. Methods We used population based perinatal health care surveillance data to determine the number of prenatal visits and perinatal outcome.These women were divided into different groups by the number of prenatal visits,maternal occupation,maternal education,newbore birthweight.Logistic regression model was used to control for confounders. Results A greater number of prenatal visits were associated with a lower risk of perinatal death,whether or not other risk factors were present.Among women with no prenatal visits,1～ prenatal visits,and 5～ prenatal visits during third trimester,the perinatal mortality rates were 59.8/1 000 births,25.8/1 000 births and 7.6/1 000 births,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the following variables such as maternal occupation,maternal education,maternal age,the number of prenatal visits,gestational age at birth,birthweight and the major external structural birth defects were associated with perinatal mortality.Furthermore,the multivariate adjusted relative risks for 5.6 and 8 prenatal visits were 0.572 and 0.395 respectively compared with those without prenatal visits. Conclusion Increasing the number of prenatal visits at least 5 prenatal visits is recommended for all women (optimal number is 8),and more than 8 prenatal visits are recommended for those with additional risk factors.Farmers and those with minimal education are at higher risk and may benefit to most from improved perinatal health care.natal health care.