Cumulative exposure is more predictive of chronic toxicity than recent exposure that is what blood levels mostly reflect. Bone lead levels have served as a cumulative dosimeter of lead exposure for many years because of the long residence time of Pb in bone, and it has been more than 30 years since in vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) was first made. This paper summarizes the world-wide advances in the measurement systems with ~(57)Co, ~(125)I and ~(109)Cd excited re-spectively.

A review with 22 references is given on in vivo XRF measurements of lead in bone.The three systems(57Co excited K,125I or polarized excited L,109Cd excited K)were compared,109Cd excited K X-ray fluorescence has been most widely adopted.

有报道,兔肉内矿物质总量是1.779%,其中磷的含量为0.579%[1];成年动物体中含磷量按新鲜组织计算为0.60%～0.75%,按干组织计算为1.9%～2.5%[2].传统的家兔体内磷含量测量方法是通过宰杀后取样,用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和离子质谱仪(SIMS)测量以及用反应堆、加速器产生的中子源辐照样品进行活化法分析测量.这些方法都是离体测量的,且是动物器官取样.

Through the introduction of history of bone lead testing,comparison of various apparatus lead content and the latest situation of research on In vivo XRF testing bone lead.This paper discussed the significance of In vivo XRF non-Invasive testing bone lead content.

The in vivo X-ray fluorescence in measuring human bone lead is a non-invasive testing approach.Human bone lead can reflect the long accumulated effect on human,while blood lead just illuminates the state that man touches lead recently.This paper showes a general view of home and abroad researches about in vivo X-ray fluorescence measuring bone lead and discusses the significance of this approach.

he elements of Na,Cl,K and Ca were measured for 21 patients bodies with different tumours.The results showed that the elements of Na,Cl,K,Ca in kidney tumour patients were more deficient than that in other tumour patients.Thus,it is useful for clinic research those tumour to supply some significant information.

In order to know the affection to some nutritional elements by Cd and Se poisoning in organism, the changes of the average content of some nutritional elements in mice were analysed with different poisoning groups using IVNAA and A.A.S.methods. The results show that poisoning from large content of Cd could be made N,Ca,Zn and Cu elements in mice seriously decreased; poisoning from large content of Se could be made these elements in mice decrease to a certain degree when large contents of Se and Cd exist in same organism,the action of Se could be relaxed the affection of Cd for decreasing of N,Ca,Zn and Cu;but for decreasing of P,K and Mg the action of Se and Cd would be added together.