Significance: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging optical technique that has a double function of spectroscopy and imaging. Aim: Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) (900 to 1700 nm) with the help of chemometrics was investigated for gastric cancer diagnosis. Approach: Mean spectra and standard deviation of normal and cancerous pixels were extracted. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compress the dimension of hypercube data and select the optimal wavelengths. Moreover, spectral angle mapper (SAM) was utilized as chemometrics to discriminate gastric cancer from normal. Results: Major spectral difference of cancerous and normal gastric tissue was observed around 975, 1215, and 1450 nm by comparison. A total of six wavelengths (i.e., 975, 1075, 1215, 1275, 1390, and 1450 nm) were then selected as optimal wavelengths by PCA. The accuracy using SAM is up to 90% according to hematoxylin-eosin results. Conclusions: These results suggest that NIR-HSI has the potential as a cutting-edge optical diagnostic technique for gastric cancer diagnosis with suitable chemometrics. (C) The Authors.

目的 研究二甲双胍+西格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的疗效.方法 回顾分析我院接收的2型糖尿病患者450例,抽签法分观察组(二甲双胍+西格列汀)与对照组(二甲双胍)各225例,比较两组观察指标与不良反应.结果 观察组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖与血脂总胆固醇指标较对照组低,不良反应发生率较对照组低,P＜0.05(具统计学差异).结论 2型糖尿病患者采用二甲双胍+西格列汀治疗能控制血糖且改善血脂指标,减少不良反应,值得推荐.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Ningmitai Capsules combined with Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for injection in treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Methods Patients (84 cases) with acute pyelonephritis in Huangpi District People's Hospital of Wuhan from February 2015 to February 2016 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 42 cases. Patients in the control group were iv administered with Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for injection, 1.5 g added into normal saline 100 mL, twice daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Ningmitai Capsules on the basis of the control group, 4 grains/time, three times daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 2 weeks. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and renal function and renal interstitial fibrosis in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 76.19% and 92.86%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of BUN, Scr, and MAU in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P < 0.05). And the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P < 0.05). And the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ningmitai Capsules combined with Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for injection has clinical curative effect in treatment of acute pyelonephritis, can improve renal function, and decrease renal interstitial fibrosis, which has a certain clinical application value.

目的 研究对耐多药肺结核患者采用注射用母牛分枝杆菌与化疗药物联合治疗的临床效果.方法 选取我院2014年12月—2016年8月接收的88例耐多药肺结核患者作为研究对象.通过数字表,将其随机分为联合组和参照组.其中,参照组(44例)实施常规治疗方案,联合组(44例)应用注射用母牛分枝杆菌与化疗药物联合治疗,比较两组临床治疗效果.结果 联合组6个月以及1年后痰菌阴转情况,与参照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).联合组患者的病灶变化情况优于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在对耐多药肺结核患者的临床治疗过程中,积极采用注射用母牛分枝杆菌与化疗药物联合治疗,能改善患者病情,帮助患者提升痰菌阴转情况,有助于改善患者免疫功能,帮助患者提升病灶吸收效果.

目的:胃癌具有高发生率、高死亡率的典型特征,是严重影响人类健康的重大疾病.拉曼光谱因其无损、快速、高灵敏性、高特异性,且易与各种探针有机结合可以实现原位、活体和实时检测等特征,极具医学临床应用潜力.研究光纤和显微拉曼光谱结合化学计量学方法鉴别胃癌组织的可行性及科学性.方法:分别利用光纤拉曼和显微拉曼光谱仪获取胃癌组织及正常组织的拉曼光谱,经过平滑、基线扣除及归一化等预处理后,结合化学计量学方法,以指纹范围(800～1700cm-)的全波段拉曼光谱作为输入变量,进行主成分分析和聚类分析,同时以病理学诊断结果作为依据,从正确率、灵敏度和特异性等指标评价前述鉴别效果.结果:正常组织和癌变组织的拉曼光谱存在显著差异,拉曼光谱结合化学计量学方法鉴别诊断效果良好,显微拉曼光谱聚类分析的正确率、灵敏度和特异性分别为90.0％、91.9％和88.9％;光纤拉曼光谱聚类分析的正确率、灵敏度和特异性分别为87.8％、86.7％和88.9％.结论:拉曼光谱结合化学计量学能够鉴别胃癌组织,具有从原理到临床应用的一致性.

目的：分析探讨慢性丙型肝炎治疗中采用聚乙二醇干扰素α‐2a联合利巴韦林治疗的临床疗效。方法：选取某院2012年6月～2013年6月收治的90例慢性丙型肝炎作为研究对象，随机分为对照组和治疗组，各组45例，治疗组采取聚乙二醇干扰素α‐2a联合利巴韦林治疗，对照组采取重组人干扰素α‐2a联合利巴韦林治疗，观察比较两组临床疗效。结果：两组 HCV‐RNA 转阴率和ALT 复常率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；两组慢性丙型肝炎患者在治疗期间均未发现有药物不良反应的发生。结论：聚乙二醇干扰素α‐2a联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎的临床疗效确切，安全有效，值得临床推广应用。

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗重症肝病的临床疗效。方法选取慢性肝炎重症患者267例，按照随机分组原则分为治疗组和对照组两组，使两组在年龄、性别、病情（实验室指标及临床症状）、病程方面较为均衡，差异不具有统计学意义。对照组132例，其中失代偿期肝硬化患者86例（男性48例，女性38）；肝衰竭患者46例（男性24例，女性22例）。治疗组135例，其中失代偿期肝硬化患者87例（男性46例，女性41例）；肝衰竭患者48例（男性21例，女性27例）。两组患者均给予抗病毒药物及有助于修复肝细胞维护肝细胞膜稳定的药物，治疗组在对照组用药的基础上，使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸8g，加入10%葡萄糖溶注射液250ml，进行缓慢滴注，共计45d疗程，1次/d。45d后观察患者肝功能指标，Child-Pugh评分以及不良反应。结果治疗组和对照组的症状都有改善，治疗组在治疗45d后部分或全部肝功能得到明显改善，改善幅度大于对照组。结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗重症肝病，可以改善患者各项肝功能指标，无严重不良反应发生。

目的：：对医院的3857例法定传染病患者进行分析研究，了解其传染特点和就医情况，并分析其防御措施。方法：对某院2013年11月至2014年11月期间在疾病控制中心中提出的3857例法定传染病患者进行回顾调查。结果：血源性传染病为1957例，主要分布在感染科、体检科和门诊，无明显的季节性变化；性传染病为859例，主要分布在性病门诊，也无明显的季节性变化；呼吸道传染病为934例，主要分布在呼吸科和门急诊，在季节交替时为多发时间段；肠道传染病为82例，主要分布在儿科，多发于秋季时分；接触性传染病为25例。结论：法定传染病是一项危险的医院感染项目，这几年随着一些传染性疾病的情况多发，必须采取相应的防护措施来有效预防其造成的院内感染。

目的:高光谱成像具有光谱和成像的双重功能,这种特性使得高光谱成像能够同时提供实验对象的光谱(即化学信息)和图像(即物理信息)特征.文章探讨了利用高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法诊断胃癌组织的可行性及科学性.方法:利用近红外高光谱成像系统获取胃癌组织及正常组织的高光谱图像,利用化学计量学从中提取肿瘤及正常组织的特征光谱并进行光谱归属,然后结合多种目标识别算法自动提取胃癌肿瘤目标,最后利用图像融合技术对识别结果进行形象直观展示,形成高光谱图像诊断胃癌组织的方法体系.结果:正常组织和癌变组织的光谱差异主要体现在950 nm～1050 nm,1150 nm～1250nm和1400 nm～1500 nm三个光谱区域.利用主成分分析降低高光谱数据维度,同时提取了6个最佳波长,即975 nm、1075nm、1215nm、1275nm、1390nm和1450nm,利用这些波长作为端元输入可以鉴别肿瘤与正常组织,肿瘤目标检测结果与组织病理学检测结果一致.结论:在化学计量学方法的辅助下,近红外高光谱成像能够诊断胃癌组织.该方法具有客观、快速、准确、无损无创、原位等特点,具有临床应用前景.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging, non-destructive, cutting edge analytical technology that combines conventional imaging and spectroscopy in one single system. The manuscript has investigated the application of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (900-1700 nm) (NIR-HSI) for gastric cancer detection with algorithms. Major spectral differences were observed in three regions (950-1050, 1150-1250, and 1400-1500 nm). By inspecting cancerous mean spectrum three major absorption bands were observed around 975, 1215 and 1450 nm. Furthermore, the cancer target detection results are consistent and conformed with histopathological examination results. These results suggest that NIR-HSI is a simple, feasible and sensitive optical diagnostic technology for gastric cancer target detection with chemometrics.

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of the Entikawei(ETV) and Adefovir Dipivoxil(ADV) in treatment of chronic hepatitis BMethod 196 cases of infection(From April,2009 to March,2012) who were admitted as chronic hepatitis B patients,were randomly divided into treatment and control groups,and observed the changes in the DNA quantification in the treatment,liver and kidney function and other indicators.Results Curative effect,such as HBV-DNA negative rate,was compared after 4,12,24,48 weeks,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the treatment start,regardless of HBeAg-positive or negative,HBV-DNA of treatment group declined in amplitude than the control group after 4,12,24,48weeks,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference(P>0.05) in ALT normalization rates and HBeAg negative conversion rate.Conclusion Entikawei treatment of chronic hepatitis B early antiviral activity is significantly superior to Adefovir Dipivoxil,and higher than Adefovir Dipivoxil in the biochemical response and immunological response,no significant adverse reactions.

Objective:Hyperspectral imaging(HSI) is an emerging,non-destructive,cutting-edge optical technique which has dual functions of spectroscopy and imaging.The bifunction of spectroscopy and imaging enabled HSI to simultaneously provide chemical and physical characteristics with a fine spatial resolution.To study clinical implementation of HSI for medical diagnosis.Methods:Principles and characteristics were introduced,then progress were summarized from four different aspects below:in situ hyperspectral imaging medical diagnosis of the exterior body tissues and organs,in vitro hyperspectral imaging medical diagnosis of the interior body tissues and organs,microscopic hyperspectral imaging medical diagnosis of the pathological slice and cells and fiber optic hyperspectral imaging in medical diagnosis in vivo.Results:HSI as a particularly optical technique has the potential to develop a real-time optical biopsy procedure,which performs on-line disease(special for cancer) diagnosis in vivo.Conclusions:HSI has great potential and broad prospect in medical diagnosis applications.

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular vibrational spectroscopic technique that is capable of optically probing the biomolecular changes associated with diseased transformation.Gastric cancer is currently the fourth most common malignancy, and also the second leading cause of cancer deaths in humans worldwide.As the possibilities in the treatment of gastric cancer continue to evolve,its early detection and correct diagnosis are becoming increasingly important.The paper presents an overview of the in vitro and in vivo work on the application of Raman spectroscopy and discusses its potential as a new tool in the clinic implementation.

Cumulative exposure is more predictive of chronic toxicity than recent exposure that is what blood levels mostly reflect. Bone lead levels have served as a cumulative dosimeter of lead exposure for many years because of the long residence time of Pb in bone, and it has been more than 30 years since in vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) was first made. This paper summarizes the world-wide advances in the measurement systems with ~(57)Co, ~(125)I and ~(109)Cd excited re-spectively.

Objective:To study clinical implementation of in vivo XRF Measurements of Lead in Bone.Methods:Important progress and technology were summarized and introduced.Results:In vivo XRF is a safe and effective tool,which has enabled skeletal lead concentration measurement.X-ray spectrometry in vivo has contributed to the understanding of long-term human lead metabolism in ways that would not otherwise have happened.They have been divided K-XRF and L-XRF.Conclusion:Efforts to introduce further improvements to the XRF technique are ongoing in order to lower its measurement uncertainty and enhance reproducibility.This may become especially important as the method will be used in clinic with the MDL of the standard XRF technique.

The paper discusses the harm of lead in the body,the shortage of blood lead,the importance of bone lead as a new biomarker.Then,it introduces the principles of XRF,and In vivo XRF measurements of lead in bone.These systems have been divided into 57Co excited K,125I or polarized excited L,109Cd excited K.Finally,it reports the new progress the of in vivo XRF measurements of lead in bone.

The paper discusses the harm of lead in the body,the shortage of blood lead,the importance of bone lead as a new biomarker.In vivo XRF measurements of lead in bone were first made in the early 1970s.these systems have been divided into 57Co excited K,125I or polarized excited L,109Cd excited K.

目的:评价门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效.方法:将280例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为两组,分别接受四周的门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸、门冬氨酸钾镁及一般的保肝对症治疗,并检测患者治疗前后的血清总胆红素、肝功能、肝脏B超等.结果:门冬氨酸一鸟氨酸组在四周治疗结束时降低血清总胆红素、肝功能札ALT、AST的有效率为75%,显著高于门冬氨酸钾镁对照组的31.4%.P＜0.01.结论:注射用门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸粉针剂能有效降低慢性乙型肝炎的血清总胆红素水平,恢复肝功能ALT、AST.

目的:观察岩黄连治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的疗效.方法:将360例慢性乙肝患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组各180例,观察组采用岩黄连注射液治疗;对照组予以茵栀黄注射液.两组均予以支持对症治疗.观察两组患者症状、体征及肝功能变化情况.结果:治疗4周,两组纳差改善率及肝区疼痛改善率比较差异有显著性(p<0.01),T-BILI、D-BILI、ALT降低的程度也具有显著性的差异(p<0.05),且观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组.结论:岩黄连治疗乙肝具有较好的疗效.

采用平面类脂双层模型(BLMS),探讨在外加高压静电场作用下,离子跨膜转运的机理.高压静电场辐射促使膜电位发生改变从而引起阐门电荷运动.当离子通道开放时,离子跨膜转运,使膜两侧离子浓度发生改变.