Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (F-53B) were often used as mist suppressants in the chrome plating industry, resulting in the large discharge of F-53B-containing electroplating wastewater into the aquatic environment. Due to the high toxicity of F-53B, increasing attention has been paid to its efficient removal from wastewater. In this study, three nano-activated carbons were successfully prepared from coconut shell carbons by a simple one-step KOH activation method. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments showed that the synthesized coconut shell activated carbons possessed a well-developed nano-pore structure, which was favorable for the adsorption of F-53B. The results suggested that the adsorption of F-53B on the coconut shell activated carbons followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was better fitted in the Langmuir isotherm, indicating that the adsorption of F-53B was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption and was mainly monolayer adsorption. Theoretical calculation results revealed that the faster adsorption rate of F-53B on CSAC_800 than on CSAC_600 and CSAC_700 could be contributed to the lower adsorption energy of F-53B on CSAC_800 and the higher self-diffusion coefficients of F-53B in CSAC_800. The higher adsorption capacity of CSAC_800 (qm = 537.6 mg·g−1) for F-53B than that of CSAC_600 (qm = 396.83 mg·g−1) and CSAC_700 (qm = 476.19 mg·g−1) could be attributed to the higher specific surface area and larger number of adsorption sites of CSAC_800. The results of this study demonstrate that coconut shell activated carbons with a well-developed nano-pore structure are an effective adsorbent for F-53B removal and have a good application prospect.

结合河北传媒大学新闻学院工程中大跨度空腹桁架结构,利用PKPM SATWE和MIDAS GEN两种有限元软件,对其结构力学和变形性能进行计算分析.结果表明,与主体相连的空腹桁架不同于普通桁架,表现为连续叠合梁的受力特征,整体刚度较弱,弦杆受力状态复杂,而竖向腹杆是结构体系正常工作的关键.此外,对节点连接构造、施工过程影响等设计问题进行了探讨,结论可供类似工程参考.

The hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was doped in PbO2 anode through coelectrodeposition method. The morphology, structure, and contact angle of the electrode were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle goniometer. Electrochemical properties were determined by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and accelerated life test. Experimental results showed that PVDF-doped PbO2 still possessed β-PbO2 crystallographic structures. Contact angle, oxygen evolution potential, and life span increased with PVDF doped amount. The oxygen evolution potential of Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2-PVDF (1wt%) was 1.83V (vs. saturated calomel electrode, SCE). Results of the accelerated life tests of different anodes illustrated that 45.75h for Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2-PVDF (1wt%) was much longer than the 8.37h for Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2 and 2.45h for Ti/PbO2. Approximately 92.1% of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation was achieved in 180min at initial pH3 at applied current density of 40mA/cm2 at Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2-PVDF (1.0wt%).

Two denim wastewater treatment processes are investigated for their efficiencies to remove the surfactant, nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs). It is found that the acrid environment of the simulated denim wastewater shows no influence on the removal of NPEOs. After treatment through hydrolysis anaerobic tank, aerobic tank and sediment tank in sequence, the removal efficiency of total NPEOs (6.25-12.5 mg/L) in the wastewater can achieve a value of around 90%. But the concentration of low molecular weight NPEOs and nonylphenol polyethoxy carboxylates (NPECs) is not as low as anticipated. The quantity of low molecular weight NPEOs (2300-7500 mu g/L) produced in the hydrolysis anaerobic unit will not be greatly reduced in the aerobic unit and achieves a removal efficiency of around 60%. Substantial quantities of low molecular weight NPEOs (750-2100 mu g/L) remained in the outlet. A harsher environment in the conventional aerobic sludge tank will boost the production of low molecular weight NPECs (1600 mu g/L to 4000 mu g/L) because it promotes the contact among nonylphenol compounds, oxygen, and biomass. The contact oxidation unit is an appropriate unit for the reduction of NPECs (98 mu g/L to 850 mu g/L) in the effluent for its relatively neutral environment. The operating parameters such as inner recycle rate of anaerobic unit and the composition of simulated wastewater showed significant effect on the quantities of nonylphenol compounds reduced or produced during the treatment process. A high recycle rate will prompt the biodegradation of total NPEOs. Also, a composition with more dyes in the wastewater will increase the removal rate of total NPEOs and can become an important factor to influence the transformation of NPEOs in the anaerobic unit.

Both bacteria and archaeal communities can play important roles in biogeochemical processes in constructed wetland (CW) system. However, the influence of plant type on microbial community in surface water CW remains unclear. The present study investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in five surface water CW systems with different plant species. The abundance, richness, and diversity of both bacterial and archaeal communities considerably differed in these five CW systems. Compared with the other three CW systems, the CW systems planted with Vetiveria zizanioides or Juncus effusus L. showed much higher bacterial abundance but lower archaeal abundance. Bacteria outnumbered archaea in each CW system. Moreover, the CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L. had relatively lower archaeal but higher bacterial richness and diversity. In each CW system, bacterial community displayed much higher richness and diversity than archaeal community. In addition, a remarkable difference of both bacterial and archaeal community structures was observed in the five studied CW systems. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial group (accounting for 33–60 %). Thaumarchaeota organisms (57 %) predominated in archaeal communities in CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L., while Woesearchaeota (23 or 24 %) and Euryarchaeota (23 or 15 %) were the major archaeal groups in CW systems planted with Cyperus papyrus or Canna indica L. Archaeal community in CW planted with Typha orientalis Presl was mainly composed of unclassified archaea. Therefore, plant type exerted a considerable influence on microbial community in surface water CW system.

In the present work, the distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in an industrial (denim-dyeing) wastewater and pollutant removal efficiencies of three processes from two treatment plants were studied. Result indicated that nonylphenol (NP) was the main pollutant in the wastewater with concentrations of 30-400 mu g/L, followed by bisphenol A (BPA) with concentrations of 0.37-14.5 mu g/L, while only a trace amount of triclosan (TCS) was detected. High pH values and high dye concentrations had no effect on treatment efficiencies of all processing units. Conventional activated sludge treatment process showed the highest removal efficiencies of 90% for NP, 92% for BPA, and 94% for TCS. Performance of oxidation ditch treatment process was inferior to conventional sludge system for reduction of NP. The acid sedimentation unit could remove nearly half of NP and TCS from the influent, while an increasing trend was observed in the same unit for the concentration of BPA, which might be caused by transformation of unidentified parent chemicals in the raw wastewater. The long hydraulic retention time of the sedimentation unit did not favor reduction of NP and might influence the removal efficiency of other two compounds. To reduce effluent endocrine effects to the aquatic organisms, efforts should be focused on NP and its parent compounds.

Removal of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) in aqueous solution by Fenton oxidation process was studied in a laboratory-scale batch reactor. Operating parameters, including initial pH temperature, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous ion dosage, were thoroughly investigated. Maximum NPEOs reduction of 84% was achieved within 6 min, under an initial pH of 3.0, 25°C, an H2O2 dosage of 9.74×10-3 M, and a molar ratio of [H2O2]/[Fe2+] of 3. A modified pseudo-first-order kinetic model was found to well represent experimental results. Correlations of reaction rate constants and operational parameters were established based on experimental data. Results indicated that the Fenton oxidation rate and removal efficiency were more dependent on the dosage of H2O2 than Fe2+, and the apparent activation energy (ΔE) was 17.5 kJ/mol. High-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analytical results indicated degradation of NPEOs obtained within the first 2 min stepwise occurred by ethoxyl (EO) unit shortening. Long-chain NPEOs mixture demonstrated a higher degradation rate than shorter-chain ones. Nonylphenol (NP), short-chain NPEOs, and NP carboxyethoxylates were identified as the primary intermediates, which were mostly further degraded.

From the viewpoint of a practicing architect,suggestions and ideas to customize and reform traditional architectural education was proposed.

<正>汶川大地震撼动了整个中国大地,灾后的重建工作牵动着千千万万中国人的心。作为国家大型勘察设计机构,中国建筑设计研究院配合中央有关部委的布署,第一时间派出专家赶赴灾区进行调研和安置房的规划。随后又数十次派出设计团队承担震后的村镇规划、羌族民居遗产保护与修复等多项繁重的工

"2008年(苏州)博物馆建筑与陈列论坛"于2008年10月18日-21日在苏州博物馆举行,该论坛由中国博物馆学会陈列艺术委员会、北京博物馆学会陈列设计委员会和苏州博物馆共同发起,旨在探讨博物馆建筑与艺术之间的密切关系,在建筑师、陈列设计师与博物馆人之间架起一座桥梁,通过理论研究与设计案例分析,共同探讨中国博物馆的发展之路。本刊在此次论坛成功举办后,特邀在相关领域内一些具有代表性的学术观点刊载于本期特别策划栏目,以期与更多的业界人士就相关问题进行探讨。本篇文章即为中国建筑设计研究院副院长、总建筑师崔恺在论坛上的发言。

<正>崔恺建筑设计工作室:这是一个有二十多名年青人组成的设计团队在崔恺建筑大师的主持下,为了建筑的理想而终年忙碌。对城市的责任感.对历史文化的敬意使他们的设计与众不同。

<正>奥运会来了,用什么迎接远方的客人?我们有了足够多、足够好的比赛场馆,我们有了足够宽、足够长的奥运大道,我们有了足够大、足够美的奥体公园和龙形水系,还有什么呢?一日,我应邀出席北京市规划委员会召开的会议,主题是讨论奥运大道东侧下沉庭院的景观设计应如何结合中国元素。

AIM:To compare the solubility and micro alter in surface of different styles of cements and prove the data in clinical use.METHODS:Three types of cement(3M ESPE RelyXtm Luting Cement water-paste style,GC Fuji PLUS water-paste style,GC Fuji CEM paste-paste style) were dipped in artificial saliva for 30 d and were thermal cycle for 15000 times at the same time.Then the solubility of three types of cements was calculated and the surfaces of samples were observed under scanning electron microscope.RUSULTS:Significant differences in solubility were found among different type of style cements(P<0.05).The descending sequence of solubility was 3M ESPE RelyXTM Luting Cement,GC Fuji PLUS,GC Fuji CEM.According to the SEM observation,the surfcae of GC Fuji CEM has less alteration than other experimental materials.CONCLUSION:The paste-paste style cement is the best choice for filling and adhesion because of its low solubility.

<正>随着大连软件园一期的研发大厦陆续投入使用,一批批软件公司进驻了园区,于是大量白领软件工程师的住房成为紧迫的问题。软件园已建设的住宅小区多数是早期开发,环境条件不错,为吸引人才起到不小的作用,但也占用了大部分的用地。因此,当决定建设工程师公寓时,实际用地选择就很有限,只好落在沿街的一条狭长的地段上。地小、人多,又是以青年白领处于创业初

<正>在忙碌的工作中,手机里传来《建筑创作》李沉先生催稿的短信。4月23日是“世界读书日”,他执意让我这个没时间读书的人谈点儿感想,真有点强人所难呀!其实谁不愿意读点儿书呢?那不仅是学习,也是一种享受,一种休息。无奈工作节奏太快,很难有完整的闲

Attitude weighs in design. Differences in designers'attitude toward the city,environment and people result in differences of their design philosophy, tactics,methods,and,finally,in the outcomes. Politeness and justification as well,help to refine not only one's doing,but one's being as well.

<正>当我们需要在一个108m×108m.限高15m的方形场地中安排下75套艺术家工作室时.只能想到一个词——扎堆。有趣的是.这就是中国艺术家的生活状态.艺术家都喜欢扎堆.他们可以相互宣泄.互成圈子。而与北京已有的几个艺术家圈子.诸如798工厂.北皋艺术区等不同.这是一次带策划色彩而非自发生成的艺术聚落设计.它坐拥京西深厚优越的地理人文积淀.又是定位于主流艺术的

<正>项目概况: 建筑面积:12万m2 设计时间:2002年建成时间:2005年方案设计:崔恺、任祖华、丁力群、杨金鹏、石磊、李大丹、黄国磊、袁王科夫施工图设计:华森建筑与工程设计顾问有限公司在东莞和深圳之间连绵不断的是大片大片的工业园区,而在密集单调的建筑群落后面竟有一弯清澈的湖水环绕在起伏的,布满荔枝林的丘陵之中。2002年春节过后的一个晚上,当中国城市规划院深圳分院的朱荣远院长在建设部大院的小茶馆里用手提电脑播放松山湖的录像时,我的确吃了一惊! 这是一个好机会:优美的自然环境,雄厚的经济