In this letter, we propose high order layered complex networks. The synchronization is discussed in detail. The relations of synchronization, individual coupling matrices and the intrinsic function of the uncoupled system are given. As special cases, synchronization of monolayer networks and multiplex networks discussed in literature can be obtained.

Synchronization in dynamical systems on directed weighted networks is often associated with stronger coupling and denser interactions. This paper shows that the opposite can also occur: weakening selected edges may increase the generalized algebraic connectivity, denoted by κ, and in some nonlinear systems this spectral improvement is accompanied by a transition from nonsynchronization to synchronization. To explain this effect, we develop a perturbation-based spectral sensitivity framework for directed weighted networks. We derive an explicit first-order formula for the response of κ to edge-weight perturbations and show that it decomposes into a directed cut-energy term and a stationary redistribution term. This decomposition clarifies how asymmetric flow structure and invariant-mass redistribution jointly determine the synchronization role of each edge. Based on this theory, we design sensitivity-guided algorithms for edge weakening, edge deletion, negative-edge insertion, and edge strengthening. Experiments on synthetic and real networks show that these methods identify critical edges whose modification yields substantial gains in κ. Simulations of first- and second-order nonlinear consensus dynamics further show markedly faster convergence and, in some cases, a transition from incoherence to synchronization. The results provide a local spectral mechanism by which reducing or reallocating coupling can enhance synchronization-related performance.

In this article, we discuss synchronization in multiplex networks of different layers. Both the topologies and the uncoupled node dynamics in different layers are different. Novel sufficient criteria are derived for intralayer synchronization and interlayer quasisynchronization, in terms of the coupling matrices, the coupling strengths, and the intrinsic function of the uncoupled systems. We also investigate interlayer synchronization of multiplex networks with identical uncoupled node dynamics. Finally, we give some numerical examples to validate the effectiveness of these theoretical results.

This article investigates distributed adaptive algorithms for intralayer synchronization of multiplex networks, both with and without pinning control. Two types of distributed adaptive algorithms are considered based on the parameters being adjusted: 1) node-based algorithms, which adapt the coupling strength of each node using the relative information from its neighborhood and itself, and 2) edge-based algorithms, which update the coupling weight of each edge based on the relative information between the two connected nodes. Using the Lyapunov function method, we prove that, under mild conditions on the uncoupled node dynamics, the proposed adaptive strategies guarantee intralayer synchronization for any multiplex network with strongly connected intralayer topologies.

In this paper, we investigate intra-layer synchronization in multiplex networks via pinning control strategies. All layers have different topologies and different intrinsic node dynamics. Novel sufficient criteria are derived for pinning intra-layer synchronization of multiplex networks, which indicates that the pinned node set can stabilize the multiplex network if, for each layer, the pinned node(s) can access all unpinned nodes. A distributed adaptive algorithm and finite-time pinning algorithm for intra-layer synchronization of multiplex networks are also proposed. Finally, we give some numerical examples to validate the effectiveness of these theoretical results.

In this short paper, we explore relationship between various models of complex networks with pinning controllers.

Background: The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) pathway controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies. Prognostic importance of RAS gene mutation, relatively frequently in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), has been debated. We aimed to study RAS gene mutation profile and prognosis in 93 children with newly diagnosed ALL. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of 93 ALL children during first induction chemotherapy in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital under the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2018 (CCLG-ALL-2018). All genomic DNA samples were obtained from bone marrow mononuclear cells upon new diagnosis. RAS gene mutation was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All children were stratified into standard-, medium-, and high-risk groups, and then treated with risk-based regimens according to CCLG-ALL-2018 protocol. Results: Of 93 ALL children, 26 (27.9%) were positive for RAS mutation, among whom 19 had N-RASmutation, 8 had K-RAS mutation, and 1 had a double mutation. The ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene was the most common genetic alteration (n=16, 17.2%). The most common adverse events during first induction chemotherapy were coagulation abnormalities (n=76, 81.7%), followed by fever (n=71, 76.3%) and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (n=34, 36.6%). Compared with negative RAS mutation group, the risk of hyperbilirubinemia was significantly reduced in RAS mutation group (P=0.018), and there was no significant difference in any other adverse events. The average duration of agranulocytosis during first induction chemotherapy was 6 days, and the average duration of agranulocytosis in RAS mutation group and RASnegative group was 6 and 5 days, with no significant difference. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in RAS mutation group, when body mass index (BMI) exceeded the median value of this ALL population (BMI >15.38), the risk of agranulocytosis was significantly increased (P=0.003). Conclusions: Newly diagnosed ALL in children with RAS mutation is less likely to be associated with fusion gene expression. RAS mutation increases the risk of agranulocytosis duration during first induction chemotherapy, lowers BMI and reduces the risk of hyperbilirubinemia in ALL children.

Relapsed/refractory (rel/ref) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a very high mortality rate. At present, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most effective treatment for rel/ref AML. The remission of the primary disease before HSCT is crucial for the transplantation to be effective. Therefore, it is critical to choose a suitable type of chemotherapy before HSCT. Here, we recorded the outcomes of high-throughput drug sensitivity screening (HDS) in children with rel/ref AML. Thirty-seven pediatric rel/ref AML patients who received HDS from September 2017 until July 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Most of the patients (24 patients, 64.9%) had adverse cytogenetics. Two patients had rel/ref AML with central nervous system leukemia. The complete remission (CR) rate was 67.6%. Eight patients developed IV grade bone marrow suppression. Twenty-three patients (62.2%) underwent HSCT. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and EFS rates were 45.9% and 43.2%, respectively. Infection in the myelosuppression stage was the main cause of death. The outcome of HDS was superior to the commonly reported rates. These results suggest that HDS may be a novel treatment option for pediatric patients with rel/ref AML, and it is a promising transitional regimen prior to HSCT.

j=1 aijgj(uj(t)) + Ii (i = 1, · · · , n) (1, 1) where gj(x) are activation functions, di, aij are constants and Ii are constant inputs. In practice, however, the interconnections contain asynchronous terms in general, and the interconnection weights aij, bij , self-inhibition di and inputs Ii should depend on time, often periodically. Therefore, we need to discuss the following dynamical systems with time-varying delays dui dt = −di(t)ui(t) + n

The universal approximation theorem serves as a theoretical guarantee for the powerful performance of neural networks. In most practical applications, we excavate a latent function with neural networks. However, we need leverage neural networks to approximate operators for more complex problems, such as applications to dynamical systems. In this article, we propose an encoder and decoder framework for operator approximation. This framework provides with a portable theoretical transition from the studies of functions to operators, and we summarize it as the universal approximation theorem for operator. This framework gives two explicit expressions of encoder and decoder methods, sampling and orthogonal respectively, to approximate input functions and output functions. We discuss the impact of different encoder and decoder pairs on training from the view of approximation error. We claim that orthogonal encoder with orthogonal decoder has a more prominent approximation ability, and our experiments also support our theoretical analysis.

In this paper, a class of multi-cluster complex networks is discussed. Complete synchronization of such networks is analysed in detail. It is explored how the synchronization depends on the intra coupling matrices, the inter coupling matrices and the corresponding coupling strengths. The approach proposed also applies to more general networks composed of multi-cluster networks, too.

目的 分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)诱导期合并败血症患儿的临床特点及预后因素.方法 收集2018年6月 ～2021年6月入住复旦大学附属儿科医院安徽医院(安徽省儿童医院)血液科的初诊ALL患儿共192例,对诱导期合并败血症的52例患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括临床特点、病原学资料、实验室检查及治疗转归等.结果 52例败血症患儿中,男性31例,女性21例,中位年龄为4(1～13)岁,病程中均有发热症状.最常见的血流外感染部位是肺部,其次是口腔黏膜及消化道.共分离出G+菌16株、G-菌36株,分别以肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌为主要菌种.经积极抗感染治疗后最终存活43例,死亡9例.存活组和死亡组患儿的实验室检查指标血清白蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平及诱导期粒细胞缺乏持续天数比较,差异有统计学意义(P分别为0.012、0.001、0.037、0.040).结论 ALL诱导期合并败血症者患儿以G-菌感染为主,白蛋白、CRP、PCT水平及粒细胞缺乏持续天数可能与不良预后相关.

Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common type of acute leukemia in children, accounting for about 30% of childhood malignant diseases. With the continuous improvement of combined chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 5-year survival rate of children with B-ALL is significantly higher than before, but there are still some high-risk B-ALL children with poor prognosis. In addition, long-term high-intensity chemotherapy has strong toxic and side effects. There are many postoperative complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which seriously affects the quality of life in these children. In view of the limited efficacy and adverse reactions of traditional therapies, immune-targeted therapy has gradually entered into clinical trials in recent years, and many new targeted immunotherapies have been proved effective for high-risk B-ALL in children. This review summarizes the progress of immune-targeted therapy for high-risk B-ALL in children.

急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)是儿童期最常见的恶性肿瘤.随着联合化疗及造血干细胞移植技术的日趋完善,儿童ALL的5年生存率明显升高,治疗相关并发症逐渐引起重视,其中ALL相关骨坏死常导致严重骨骼破坏及功能丧失,是降低患儿长期生存质量的重要原因之一.本文就儿童ALL相关骨坏死的研究进展进行综述.

目的:分析3例ANKRD26基因突变所致遗传性血小板减少症2型(THC2)的临床特征与基因突变家系谱,探讨ANKRD26基因突变类型与THC2临床表型之间的关系.方法:回顾性分析2017年5月-10月在医院血液肿瘤科诊治的3例THC2患儿临床资料与一般实验室检查结果,使用二代技术(NGS)进行全外显子检测(WES)、基因数据和致病突变验证三个主要步骤对先证者及其家庭成员ANKRD26基因进行测序、筛查和分析.结果:3例患儿初诊时均PLT<20×109/L,皆有淤点瘀斑,初诊时丙球及激素效果欠佳.基因分析结果均存在ANKRD26基因突变,突变位点分别位于第22号外显子、第1号外显子启动区与第30号外显子,突变类型均为杂合突变.结论:THC2是一组异质性疾病,其不同基因突变类型预后差别很大,ANKRD26基因多态性可能为影响THC2患儿临床表现的关键因素.

目的:探讨3例Wiskott-Aldrich综合征(WAS)的基因检测结果与临床特征.方法:分析3例WAS患儿的临床资料,使用第二代基因测序(NGS)对先证者及其家庭成员WAS蛋白(WASP)基因进行测序、筛查和分析.结果:3例患儿均有湿疹、反复感染及血小板减少,其中仅1例患儿表现为血小板体积减小.3例患儿均行NGS检测,发现WAS基因突变,其中2例突变点突变,1例为插入突变;家系验证结果显示,2例为X连锁遗传,1例为新生突变.结论:对月龄较小的血小板减少症男性患儿,如常规治疗效果欠佳,同时伴发免疫缺陷、湿疹,应及时完善WASP基因检测明确诊断,造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是有效的治疗手段.

In this paper, we discuss distributive synchronization of complex networks in finite time, with a single nonlinear pinning controller. The results apply to heterogeneous dynamic networks, too. Different from many models, which assume the coupling matrix being symmetric (or the connecting graph is undirected), here, the coupling matrix is asymmetric (or the connecting graph is directed

In this paper, stability of linearly coupled dynamical systems with feedback pinning algorithm is studied. Here, both the coupling matrix and the set of pinned-nodes vary with time, induced by a continuous-time Markov chain with finite states. Event-triggered rules are employed on both diffusion coupling and feedback pinning terms, which can efficiently reduce the computation load, as well as communication load in some cases and be realized by the latest observations of the state information of its local neighborhood and the target trajectory. The next observation is triggered by certain criterion (event) based on these state information as well. Two scenarios are considered: the continuous monitoring, that each node observes the state information of its neighborhood and target (if pinned) in an instantaneous way, to determine the next triggering event time, and the discrete monitoring, that each node needs only to observe the state information at the last event time and predict the next triggering-event time. In both cases, we present several event-triggering rules and prove that if the conditions that the coupled system with persistent coupling and control can be stabilized are satisfied, then these event-trigger strategies can stabilize the system, and Zeno behaviors are excluded in some cases. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.

This short paper addresses quasi synchronization of linearly coupled heterogeneous systems. Similarity and difference between the complete synchronization of linearly coupled homogeneous systems and the quasi synchronization of linearly coupled heterogeneous systems will be revealed.

目的 分析免疫性血小板减少症转化为RUNX1基因阴性的儿童急性巨核细胞白血病患者资料,复习此类罕见病的文献资料,探讨该病的临床特征.方法 选择安徽省儿童医院血液科2018年1～12月收治的2例急性巨核细胞白血病患儿为研究对象,回顾性分析患儿的临床资料及实验室检查结果 .结果 2例患儿既往经骨髓细胞学等检查诊断为免疫性血小板减少症(ITP),曾对激素、丙球显效或部分显效,其后因出血症状就诊,经骨髓MICM分型等检查,确诊为RUNX1基因阴性的急性巨核细胞白血病.结论 反复血小板减少幼儿患者,应密切随访骨髓细胞学检查,并及时进行相关基因检测.