目的 探讨APP/PS1小鼠血脂与β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、Tau蛋白表达水平的相关性及中链脂肪酸(MCFA)的干预作用,为MCFA防治阿尔兹海默症(AD)的相关机制提供理论依据.方法 将17只4周龄APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为中链脂肪酸组(MCFA组,9只)和长链脂肪酸组(LCFA组,8只),同窝阴性野生型小鼠9只作为野生型小鼠(WT)组.MCFA组和LCFA组小鼠用不同脂肪酸配制饲料连续喂养至36周龄,检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Aβ 前体蛋白(APP)、Aβ 及Tau蛋白表达水平.采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行数据分析.采用t检验进行计量资料组间比较.采用Pearson相关分析血脂与Aβ、Tau蛋白表达水平之间的相关性.结果 MCFA组小鼠TC、TG水平,大脑皮层和海马组织Aβ及Tau蛋白表达均明显低于LCFA组(P<0.01).相关性分析结果显示,TG与皮层组织Aβ蛋白表达水平呈正相关(r=0.399;P<0.05);而TC则与皮层和海马组织Aβ蛋白表达水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.715,0.748;P<0.01),也与海马组织Tau蛋白表达水平呈正相关(r=0.603;P<0.05).结论 MCFA可能通过调节APP/PS1转基因小鼠脂代谢,特别是降低TC水平,减少大脑组织Aβ蛋白沉积及Tau蛋白磷酸化水平,从而发挥防治AD的作用.

哮喘是秋冬季节的常见病.患者发病严重时,咳喘不停,彻夜难眠.除了使用祛痰、平喘、止咳的药物外,哮喘患者还可在美食方面进行“量身定制”,通过食疗来缓解病痛和调理身体.

哮喘是一种常见的呼吸道疾病,病发严重时,咳喘不停,彻夜难眠.想要治疗哮喘,除使用药物外,饮食上的调理也很重要.恰逢世界防治哮喘日,今天就给大家说说哮喘患者针对自身特点在饮食上的"量身定做". 哮喘患者在病发时,常常对某些食物过敏,忌口是少不了的,但营养学家认为,个性化美食应根据具体的病情特点而定制营养菜谱.

目的 探讨中链脂肪酸(medium-chain fatty acid,MCFA)和α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,ALA)对APP/PS1转基因小鼠学习记忆功能及大脑Aβ42、Tau蛋白表达的影响.方法 将25只4周龄APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为ALA+MCFA组(8只)、MCFA组(9只)和长链脂肪酸(long chain fatty acid,LCFA)组(8只,对照组),同窝野生型小鼠为WT组(10只,正常对照组).各组小鼠用不同脂肪酸配制饲料连续喂养至36周龄,用Morris水迷宫进行定位航行实验和空间探索实验,并记录平均逃避潜伏期、平台穿越次数和平台象限滞留时间百分比.免疫组化法检测海马Aβ沉积,Western blot方法检测APP、Aβ42蛋白及Tau蛋白表达.结果 与LCFA组小鼠相比,ALA+MCFA组和MCFA组小鼠水迷宫定位航行试验平均逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P＜0.05),空间探索试验平台穿越次数则明显较高(P＜0.05),海马组织Aβ斑块数目相对较少,且皮质和海马Aβ42蛋白及Tau蛋白表达均较低(P＜0.05).结论 与LCFA相比,ALA和MCFA能通过减少Aβ42蛋白生成及Tau蛋白磷酸化水平,改善APP/PS1转基因小鼠学习记忆功能,具有潜在的延缓阿尔茨海默病发生和进展的作用.

综述中链脂肪酸和α-亚麻酸的来源、生理功能及应用与其对阿尔茨海默病(AD)的改善作用及其机制,旨在为相关研究提供科学依据.

Objective To observe the effects of oral probiotics supplementation (Lactobacilluscasei strain Shirota, LcS) on inflammatory response, upper respiratory-tract infection, and immune function of soldiers in military training. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. We recruited 100 male volunteers from soldiers in Chinese PLA General Hospital. The volunteers were randomly divided into experimental group (n=50, received 100 ml of fermented milk beverage containing LcS twice a day) and control group (n=50, received 100 ml of ordinary milk twice a day). The dietary intake, upper respiratory tract infection and gastrointestinal reaction were investigated and the NK cell activity, serum inflammatory factors, and immune indicators and saliva IgA levels were measured at 0, 2 and 4 months, respectively. Results A total of 87 subjects completed the intervention (45 in experimental group and 42 in control group), with the lost to follow-up rate of 13％. At 2 months, the levels of serum lgG, CD3 and CD4 were significantly higher in the experimental group than those of control group [IgG, (1 268.24土290.81) mg/dl vs (1 124.53 ±272.79) mg/dl; CD3, (0.72 ± 0.07) vs (0.66±0.05); CD4, (0.38±0.07) vs (0.35±0.05); all P ＜ 0.05]; At 4 months, the levels of serum lgE, lgG, CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, saliva IgA, neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly higher in experimental group than control group [lgE, (231.14±177.71)mg/dl vs (142.74±112.08) mg/dl; lgG, (1 243.22±290.58) mg/dl vs (1 036.23±228.71) mg/dl; CD3, (0.70 ±0.05) vs (0.65 ± 0.04); CD4, (0.41 ±0.06) vs (0.34 ±0.04); CD4/CD8, (1.68 ±0.43) vs (1.31 ±0.32); saliva IgA, (181.67±39.12) μ g/ml vs (147.38±33.53) μ g/ml; neutrophils, (0.57±0.06) vs (0.53±0.08); lymphocytes, (0.53 ± 0.08) vs (0.33 ±0.06); all P ＜ 0.05], while serum C-reactive protein, IL-1 level and white blood cell count were significantly lower in experimental group than control group [serum C-reactive protein, (0.31 ±0.02) mg/dl vs (0.51 ±0.25) mg/dl; IL-1, (9.96 ± 4.44) pg/ml vs(14.51±6.67) pg/ml; white blood cell, (5.10 ± 0.35)109/L vs (7.12±0.93)109/L; all P ＜ 0.05]; The incidence of gastrointestinal disease in experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (2 months, 4.45％ vs 23.80％; 4 months, 4.45％ vs21.43％; P ＜ 0.05, respectively); The incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in the two groups showed no significant difference (2 months, 8.89％ vs 11.90％; 4 months, 8.89％ vs 11.90％; P ＞ 0.05, respectively), but it showed a downward trend. Conclusion Long-term oral LcS supplementation can reduce the inflammatory response and improve the immune function, which may be beneficial to preventing upper respiratory tract infection.

早些年,胡婆婆患上了冠心病.医生说,要想防治冠心病,首先需要减肥,将体重控制在正常范围内.听医生这么说,胡婆婆可犯了难,她喜欢美食,一下子不让吃了,岂不是很难过. 为了既能达到减肥的目的,又不让嘴巴吃亏,胡婆婆可没少下功夫.她又是查资料,又是咨询医生,终于找到了一种既能防止冠心病又有助于减肥的好食物——冬笋.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of medium-chain fatty acid( MCFA) on high-density-lipoprotein( HDL) in serum, liver and small intestine in Sprague Dawley rats fed with high fat diet.METHODSThirty obese rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, and were fed high fat diet mixed with 2% octanoic acid, 2% decanoic acid, 2% oleic acid respectively for 8 weeks. The levels of blood HDL, apolipoprotein A1( ApoA1), apolipoprotein A2( ApoA2), triglyceride( TG), total cholesterol( TC), high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) in serum were measured at the fourth and eighth week. The levels of HDL, ApoA1, and ApoA2 in liver and small intestine were measured by ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ApoA1 and ApoA2 in liver and small intestine from rats at the eighth week.RESULTSAt the eighth week, significant decreases in levels of serum TG and TC were observed in octanoic acid and decanoic acid groups as compared with oleic acid group( P < 0. 05). Greater increases in levels of serum HDL and HDL-c/LDL-c were observed in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group( P < 0. 05). Greater increases in protein expression of HDL and ApoA1 and in mRNA expression of ApoA1 in small intestine were observed in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group( P < 0. 05).CONCLUSIONMCFA can elevate the levels of HDL, HDL-c/LDL-c in serum, and increase the expressions of HDL and ApoA1 in small intestine.

春季,春暖花开百鸟争鸣,处处一派生机,可有些人常常会有一种懒洋洋的感觉,尤其午后更是精神不振、昏昏欲睡,这就是人们常说的春困.春困并不是病,它是人体对春季气候的一种适应性反应.

Objective To study the possible mechanism of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) in reducing body weight by observing the effect of MCFA on the expression of TLR4 signaling pathway related molecules in small intestine tissues of mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet.Methods Thirty-six C57BL/6J high-fat diet-induced obese mice were randomly divided into octanoic acid group,capric acid group and oleic acid group (each n =12) according to their fasting body weight.After exposure to the high-fat diets (containing 2％ octanoic acid(C8∶0),capric acid (C10∶0)and oleic acid (C18∶ 1) respectively) for 16 weeks,their body,liver and mesenteric,epididymal and perirenal fat pads were weighed.Meanwhile,lipid metabolism related indexes in serum were measured.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels in small intestine were measured by ELISA.The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TNF-α mRNA in small intestine tissues were measured by real-time RT-PCR.Results The weight of body,liver and epididymal fat pads,the level of TNF-α and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in small intestine tissues were significantly lower in octanoic acid group and capric acid group than in oleic acid group (all P＜0.05).The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) in serum,the levels of IL-6 and IL-1 and the expression of MyD88 and TNF-α mRNA in small intestine tissues were significantly lower in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group (all P＜0.05),whereas the serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the ratio of serum HDL-C to LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were significantly higher in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group (both P＜0.05).The levels of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) in serum were significantly lower in capric acid group than in oleic acid group (both P＜0.05).Conclusions MCFA may effectively reduce the body weight of obese individuals via reducing inflammatory factors by down-regulating TLR4 signaling pathway related molecules in small intestine tissues.

[Objective] To compare the effects of different fatty acid sources on acute intestinal inflammation induced by LPS in mice.[Method] Totally 40 twelve-week old male C57BL / 6J mice were challenged with intraperitoneal injection with LPS (3.5mg / kg).After 24 hours,the LPS-chanllenged mice were randomly divided into five groups according to their fasting body weight including corn oil group (ω-6 fatty acid),olive oil group (ω-9 fatty acids),perilla oil group (ω-3 fatty acid),medium-long-chain oil group (medium chain fatty acid) and LPS injury group (glucose).Gavage mice according to the different group,and 7 days later,blood sample and small intestine tissue were collected and the level of inflammation factors and the mRNA expression of related molecules in TLR4 pathway were determined.Biopsy of the small intestine of mice was observed.Body weight of mice were measured every day during the study period.[Result] At the end of the study,body weight of mice in each group were increased,olive oil group and perilla oil group were significantly higher than LPS injury group and corn oil group (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 in serum and small intestine,and the expression mRNA TLR4,MyD88 and TNF-α in small intestine tissue was the lowest in medium chain oil group,and were significantly lower than LPS injury group and corn oil group (P ＜ 0.05).Small intestine tissue pathological results showed that LPS injury group was the worst,corn oil group was a little worse,and olive oil group was in the medium.Medium chain oil and perilla oil group had no obvious injury.[Conclusion] It may be better for LPS induced intestine injury by gavage oil containing medium chain fatty acid,ω-3 fatty acid or ω-9 fatty acid.The mechanism may be via reducing inflarmnatory factors release by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者孕中期母体体成分特点.方法 采用巢式病例对照研究方法,对象全部来自2012年5月20日-2013年12月31日期间参与多中心队列研究的人群,选取孕24～28周进行糖耐量筛查时诊断为GDM的142人为病例组,并在同一时期队列中未发生GDM的孕妇按照1:1比例,按其怀孕年龄、孕前体重和身高进行配对选取142人为对照组.采用多频生物电阻抗技术分析两组妇女在孕22～24周时的人体成分,比较两组间的体重(body weight,BW)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、去脂体质(free fat mass,FFM)、肌肉重(mus-cular mass,MM)、体脂(fat mass,FM)、体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)、总体水分(total body water,TBW)、细胞外水(extracellular water,ECW)和细胞内水(intracellular water,ICW)等指标的差异.结果 孕中期GDM患者的BW、BMI、FM、FMP、TBW和ECW均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而FFM、MM和ICW与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 GDM孕中期的体脂储备和细胞外水显著高于正常孕妇,而肌肉储备与正常孕妇无差异.

秋季分为初、中、深三期,人的养生方式也需要根据时节的变化而改变,这样身体才能更好地适应环境,保持良好的健康状况.那么秋天来了,我们该做些什么来养生?一起来看一看. 初秋:祛湿健脾常喝山药薏米粥 初秋暑热未退、湿气当令,此时人体的胃肠功能经过一个盛夏的消磨,正处于一年中的最为脆弱的时期,尤其是老人和儿童容易出现脾胃失调、消化不良等状况,严重的甚至会发生肠道传染病,如秋季腹泻.因此,初秋养生要特别注意健脾祛湿.

目的 探讨分娩巨大儿的妇女孕中期及晚期的母体体成分特点.方法 采用巢式病例对照研究方法,对象全部来自2012年5月20日-2013年12月31日参与研究的多中心队列人群,选取孕38～ 41周分娩且新生儿出生体质量≥4 000g的62例产妇作为巨大儿组,并于同期队列孕38 ～ 41周分娩且新生儿出生体质量2 500～4000g的产妇中,根据怀孕年龄、孕前体质量和身高进行配对选取62例为对照组.分析两组在孕中期(孕第22～24周)和孕晚期(孕第36～38周)的人体成分,比较两组间的体质量(body mass,BM)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、去脂体质量(free fat mass,FFM)、肌肉质量(muscularmass,MM)、体脂(fat mass,FM)、体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)、细胞外液(extracellular water,ECW)、细胞内液(intracellular water,ICW)和总体水分(total body water,TBW)的差异.结果 巨大儿组孕妇在孕中期BM和ECW均显著高于对照组[(64.80±9.52) kg vs(62.68±8.43) kg,(14.26±1.64) kg vs (13.64±1.83) kg;P＜0.05],孕晚期BM、BMI、FFM、MM、ECW、ICW和TBW均显著高于对照组[(74.86±9.38) kg vs(70.86±8.39) kg,(27.82±3.13) kg vs (26.71±2.80) kg,(50.07±5.91) kg vs (47.27±4.50) kg,(44.59±6.21) kg vs(42.36±4.64) kg,(16.05±2.18) kg vs (15.29±1.63) kg,(18.62±2.86) kg vs(17.72±2.39) kg,(34.68±4.94) kg vs (33.09±3.61) kg;P＜0.05],而两组孕中期和孕晚期的FM及FMP差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 分娩巨大儿孕妇在孕晚期的去脂体质量显著高于分娩正常出生体质量新生儿的孕妇,而体脂储备与正常孕妇无差异.

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者孕晚期母体体成分特点.方法 采用巢式病例对照研究设计,选择多中心队列中确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的患者135例,同一时期队列中未发生妊娠期糖尿病孕妇依据其怀孕年龄、孕前体质量和身高按照1:1配对原则选取对照组135例.采用生物电阻抗分析两组孕38～ 39周时体质量(body mass,BM)、体脂(fat mass,FM)、体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)、去脂体质量(free fat mass,FFM)、肌肉质量(muscular mass,MM)、总体水分(total body water,TBW)、细胞外水(extracellular water,ECW)和细胞内水(intracellularwater,ICW)等人体成分指标和新生儿体质量(fetal birth mass,FBM)、新生儿身长(fetal birth length,FBL)的差异.结果 孕晚期GDM组的BM(72.15±11.18)kg、FFM(48.41±5.36)kg、MM(43.24±5.71)kg、TBW(33.87±4.40) kg、ECW(15.84±2.06)kg、ICW(17.95±2.67) kg以及FBM(3 551.6±364.5)g均显著高于对照组的BM(70.39±9.56)kg、FFM(47.22±4.75)kg、MM(41.64±4.97)kg、TBW(32.56±3.63)kg、ECW(15.42±1.82) kg、ICW(17.04±2.27) kg以及FBM(3 397.6±417.7)g(P＜0.05),而FM、FMP和FBL与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 GDM孕晚期体脂储备与正常孕妇无异,BM及FBM偏高主要因母体的FFM、MM及TBW等较高.

目的 探讨不同孕前体质量指数(pre-pregnant body mass index,pBMI)妇女孕中晚期人体成分变化特点.方法 采用多中心队列研究设计,以多频生物电阻抗技术检测孕妇孕中、晚期的去脂体质量(free fat mass,FFM)、肌肉重(muscular mass,MM)、体脂(fat mass,FM)、体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)、总体水(total body water,TBW)、细胞外液(extracellular water,ECW)和细胞内液(intracellular water,ICW)等成分.按pBMI将孕妇分为消瘦组202例(pBMI＜18.5 kg/m2)、正常组738例(18.5 kg/m2≤pBMI＜24 kg/m2)、超重组117例(24 kg/m2≤pBMI＜28 kg/m2)和肥胖组32例(pBMI≥28 kg/m2)共四组,分析比较孕中晚期各项人体成分变化值的差异.结果 整个孕中晚期,4组的FFM、MM、ECW、ICW和TBW变化值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肥胖组FM增加(2.46±4.34) kg,显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);各组间FMP增加程度均有统计学差异(P＜0.01),并随pBMI增大而依次减少.结论 不同pBMI孕妇孕中晚期去脂体质量增加无差异,而体脂百分比变化明显.

本文结合临床营养学护理专业学生的带教实践,总结了以主流教学方法为基础,多渠道提升教学质量,调动学生学习激情,提高教学效果的教学体会,为护理专业的临床营养学教学提供参考和借鉴.

Objective To assess the application value of handgrip strength in nutrition assessment of elderly medical inpatients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in our hospital from May 2012 to December 2013, and 1343 patients were assessed by mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF) and their blood biochemical indicators in the 24 hours of admission, including HGS, height, weight, BMI, WC, LC, HB, TP, ALB, Cr, BUN, TG and TC, were measured. The correlation between HGS and nutritional indicators was analyzed and the dominant HGS cut points for malnutrition was estimated.Results Of all the elderly inpatients, 39.99% of them (men 40.49%, women 39.51%) had malnutrition by MNA-SF; The HGS, weight, BMI, WC, LC, ALB, TG and HB of malnutrition group were significantly lower than those of well nutrition group, but the age was significantly higher (P<0.05); Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the dominant HGS was correlated with MNA-SF result (P<0.05), and positively correlated with height, weight, BMI, WC, LC, ALB, TP, TG and HB (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis for dominant HGS and nutritional status sensitivity/specificity found that the area under the curve was more than 0.7, and the dominant HGS cut points for malnutrition were 20.8 kg for men and 16.1 kg for women by MNA-SF. Conclusion Elderly inpatients are associated with a greater incidence of malnutrition. HGS is a rapid, cost-effective and easy-to-use method, which is suitable for assessing nutritional status of elderly medical inpatients.

Objective To analyse the effectiveness and safty of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a revision procedure after failed gastric banding.Methods Clinical data of 14 patients from General Hospital of PLA who had underwent LSG as a revision procedure after failed gastric banding between June 2011 and June 2013 were analysed, including operative time, hospitalization, reduction of body mass index(BMI), percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) and postoperative complications.Results Fourteen procedures were preformed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was (128±15) minutes, the mean hospitalization in General Surgery was (9±3) days, the reduction of BMI in 3 mouths (n=14), 6 mouths (n=12), 12 mouths (n=10), 18 mouths (n=8) and 24 mouths (n=5) after procedures was (4.0±1.4) kg/m2、(6.8±2.1) kg/m2、(9.4±3.4) kg/m2、(11.0±3.4) kg/m2 and(12.1±4.6) kg/m2 respectively. No more operative complications happened except 1 case of infection.Conclusions LSG is an ideal bariatric procedure with less injury, fewer postoperative complications and better effectiveness of weight loss as a revision procedure for failed LAGB.

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