目的 观察安宫牛黄丸保守治疗原发性脑干出血的临床疗效.方法 将120例原发性脑干出血的患者随机分为两组,治疗组(60例)和对照组(60例),两组均采用常规治疗方法,包括保持呼吸道畅通、适当止血、脱水降颅压、改善脑细胞代谢和防治并发症等治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用安宫牛黄丸,每日1丸,口服或鼻饲,连用28天(1疗程).28天后观察2组患者的临床疗效.观察指标为:格拉斯哥评分、NHISS评分、炎症因子(IL-6及hs-CRP)、并发症的发生率及死亡率等.结果 经过1个疗程的治疗,治疗组的预后及临床疗效明显高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 安宫牛黄丸在治疗原发性脑干出血方面具有一定的价值,能够提高患者临床疗效,为患者的生存和预后奠定了良好的基础.

目的 探讨微信辅助下以病例为基础的教学法(CBL教学法)在神经外科住院医师规范化培训垂体腺瘤教学中的作用.方法 选取2019年1月-2021年9月在我院神经外科轮转,进行住院医师规范化培训的学员61名,按轮转批次将学员分为对照组和研究组,在垂体腺瘤的教学中对照组采用传统教学法,研究组采用微信辅助下CBL教学法.在教学培训结束后,对比两组住培学员在垂体腺瘤专病考核中的基础理论成绩、临床思维与分析能力以及临床技能评分,并行教学满意度调查.结果 与对照组相比较,研究组学员在临床思维与分析能力和临床技能方面的评分均显著高于对照组(85.27±5.43 vs 77.36±6.19及80.53±5.99vs 72.42±6.29,P＜0.05);而两组学员的基础理论知识评分相比较则 未见显著性差异(79.89±6.18 vs 80.98±6.52,P＞0.05).在总的教学效果比较中,研究组学员评分显著高于对照组(245.69±16.76vs230.76±18.46,P＜0.05),同时研究组学员的教学满意度亦显著高于对照组(78.13％vs 62.07％,P＜0.05).结论 在神经外科住院医师规范化培训的垂体腺瘤教学中,微信辅助CBL教学法能较好地提高住培学员的临床思维与分析能力、临床技能以及总的教学效果,并获得较好的教学满意度,虽然该方法在一定程度上增加了带教教师和住培学员的负担,但仍值得借鉴和推荐.

Most biomolecules are biologically active only in water; hence, it is worth investigating whether THz spectra of biomolecules are affected by the combination of water molecules and biomolecules. In this report, by combining the sample cell with the THz-TDS system, the THz spectra of L-Arginine crystal as well as its hydrate and aqueous solution are measured. The experimental results show that L-Arginine crystal and its hydrate share the same three absorption peaks at 0.99, 1.46, and 1.7 THz, respectively. But the trend of characteristic absorption spectrum of L-arginine solution is almost identical to that of free water. Because the contents of free water and hydrated water are different in many diseased and normal tissues, the diseased tissues can be detected according to the difference in THz spectral information. The proposed approach provides a reliable means for the detection of pathological changes of active molecules and tissues.

The rapid and accurate identification of the types and contents of early pathological markers by THz technology are of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of major diseases. Nevertheless, these markers usually contain interference from water and other non-target molecules, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and making identification and quantitative analysis difficult. Here, based on THz spectroscopy from a high-power THz source radiated by LiNbO3, we perform quantitative and real-time THz detection of mixtures (α-lactose monohydrate and 4-aminobenzoic acid) in liquids. The results demonstrate that the absorption spectra of the aqueous biomolecular mixtures exhibit an accumulation of THz features of each pure product, i.e., the amplitude of the absorption peaks is proportional to the mixing ratio, while the corresponding absorption baseline increases with decreasing concentration. Furthermore, the content of the target substance can be calculated from the linear relationship between the absorption spectra of pure and mixed samples. This technology will support the future application of THz-TDS in early disease diagnosis under complex states and environments.

目的:探讨胞质分裂原蛋白调节因子-1(protein regulator of cytokinesis-1,PRC1)对胶质母细胞瘤的作用及其可能的机制.方法:RT-PCR和Western blot检测胶质母细胞瘤组织和正常脑组织中PRC1的表达;人胶质母细胞瘤细胞株U251转染siRNA-NC和siRNA-PRC1序列,RT-PCR检测细胞中PRC1 mRNA表达;Western blot检测细胞中PRC1、Wnt1、β-catenin和CyclinD1蛋白表达;CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭;血管生成实验检测血管生成.结果:与正常组织相比,癌组织中PRC1 mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P＜0.001);与siRNA-NC组相比,siRNA-PRC1组细胞在24 h、48 h及72 h的细胞增殖能力降低(P＜0.01),G0/G1 期细胞含量升高(P＜0.05),S和G2/M期细胞含量降低(P＜0.05),细胞迁移数和侵袭数降低(P＜0.01),内皮细胞管道形成数降低(P＜0.001),Wnt1、β-catenin和CyclinD1蛋白表达降低(P＜0.01).结论:PRC1在胶质母细胞瘤组织中表达上调,PRC1可能通过促进Wnt/β-catenin途径活化,促进胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖、细胞周期进程、迁移、侵袭和血管生成.

目的:探讨人脑膜瘤组织中RNA结合蛋白脆性X相关基因1(FXR1)表达情况及其对脑膜瘤细胞生长和血管生成的影响.方法:收集我院24例脑膜瘤患者的肿瘤组织及瘤旁组织标本,免疫组织化学染色检测FXR1表达.分离并培养人脑膜瘤细胞,将培养的细胞分为空白对照组、pcDNA3.1-NC组和pcDNA3.1-FXR1组,采用脂质体转染法将pcDNA3.1-FXR1质粒载体与pcDNA3.1空质粒载体转染至脑膜瘤细胞;实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测细胞中FXR1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖活性;细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞菌落形成能力;Western blot检测VEGF、EDN-1蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测血管内皮细胞的标记CD31与CD34的阳性细胞表达;体外小管生成试验检测HUVECs成管情况.结果:脑膜瘤组织中FXR1阳性表达较瘤旁组织显著增加(P<0.05).与空白对照组和pcDNA3.1-NC组比较,pcDNA3.1-FXR1组细胞中FXR1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),转染48、72和96 h后细胞增殖活性显著升高(P<0.05),细胞克隆形成数目显著增加(P<0.05),VEGF、EDN-1蛋白表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),CD34和CD31标记的阳性细胞数显著增多(P<0.05)同时,管腔形成数目明显增多.结论:FXR1在人脑膜瘤组织中呈高表达,过表达FXR1可促进脑膜瘤细胞生长与血管生成.

Glioma remains the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system and often has poor prognosis. In recent years, it has been gradually revealed that non-coding RNA effects glioma progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of circular RNA TLK1 (Circ-TLK1) in predicting the survival of glioma patients as well as its role in glioma development via both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. We found that Circ-TLK1 was conspicuously up-regulated in glioma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the up-regulated Circ-TLK1 was significantly correlated with glioma patients’ larger tumor volume and higher grades. Functionally, Circ-TLK1 over-expression facilitated glioma growth, migration and invasion, inhibited cell apoptosis, and accelerated PANX1/MAPK/ERK expression, while Circ-TLK1 low expression had the opposite effects. In addition, bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-17-5p was a potential target of Circ-TLK1 and targeted at PANX1. Furthermore, through dual luciferase viability assay, Circ-TLK1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-17-5p, which targeted and inhibited PANX1/MAPK/ERK expression. MiR-17-5p overexpression mitigated glioma progression, which was significantly inhibited with Circ-TLK1 upregulation. In conclusion, this study confirmed a novel axis of Circ-TLK1-miR-17-5p-PANX1 in modulating glioma development, providing more references for glioma diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Due to the strong absorption of Terahertz (THz) waves by water, the development of THz detection technology in biomedical field is seriously restricted. In this paper, a convenient and promising method for the detection of THz spectra of hydrated substances is proposed. The detection of α-lactose solution was demonstrated, the spectral range is from 0.1 to 1.5 THz and the sensitivity can reach the order of femtomole.

Objective:To explore the application value of electromagnetic navigation technique in the removal of hematoma under neuroendoscope.Methods:Forty-three patients with supratentorial spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, accepted removal of hematoma under neuroendoscope in our hospital from October 2015 to February 2019, were chosen in our study; 22 patients (navigation group) were performed the removal under the guide of real-time electromagnetic navigation, and 21 (non-navigation group) were performed the removal under neuroendoscope only. The amount of cerebral hemorrhage, operation time, residual amount of hematoma and hematoma clearance rate were compared between the two groups. Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was used to evaluate the motor function of the affected limbs two weeks after surgery. The anisotropy fraction (FA) values of fibers of affected pyramidal tracts and contralateral pyramidal tracts were examined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the relative FA (rFA) value (FA values of affected side/contralateral side) was calculated. Barthel index was used to evaluate the basic daily activities of the patients 6 months after surgery.Results:There was no significant difference between the navigation group and the non-navigation group in the amount of cerebral hemorrhage before surgery, amount of residual hematoma after surgery, hematoma clearance rate, and operation time ( P>0.05). FMA scores of upper and lower limbs, FA and rFA values of the affected side in the navigation group were significantly higher than those in the non-navigation group two weeks after surgery ( P<0.05). Barthel index of patients in the navigation group was statistically higher than that of the non-navigation group 6 months after surgery ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Electromagnetic navigation technique can guide endoscopy to effectively clear the supratentorial hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage without obviously increasing the operation time; effective protection of pyramidal fibers can improve the prognoses of patients.

Opa-interacting protein 5 (OIP5) is a member of the cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family that elicits a spontaneous antitumor immune response. The failure of current immunotherapies for glioma has prompted the search for novel biomarkers that may be utilized as therapeutic targets. This study aimed to investigate whether OIP5 serves as a target for malignant glioma immunotherapy. Glioma specimens from 53 adult patients were evaluated for OIP5 expression by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the correlation of OIP5 expression with World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade was analyzed. Endogenous expression of OIP5 in glioma cell lines was determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using lentiviral siOIP5, the effect of OIP5 gene knockdown on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in U251 glioma cells was studied. The results show that OIP5 is overexpressed in glioma tissues and is correlated with WHO tumor grade (P < 0.001). However, OIP5 protein expression is barely detectable in normal adult brain tissues. MTT assays and analysis using the Celigo Imaging Cytometry System reveal that the silencing of OIP5 inhibits U251 cell growth. Cell cycle assays and Annexin V staining show that OIP5 silencing disrupts the balance of the cell cycle and increases U251 cell death. These results indicate that OIP5 is upregulated in malignant glioma specimens but barely detected in normal brain tissues. OIP5 knockdown inhibits the biological function of glioma cells, reinforcing that OIP5 may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for malignant glioma.

The photonic energy of terahertz wave is in the same order of magnitude as the rotational and vibrational energy levels of organic and biological macromolecules, so it has unique advantages in detecting cells and biological macromolecules. However, in the life environment, the dynamic time scale of cell-environment interaction and structural conformation change of biological macromolecules are within picosecond to millisecond, and water has strong absorption to terahertz wave, which has become the bottleneck problem for the detection of cells and biological macromolecules by terahertz technology. In this article, we developed a set of terahertz single measurement system based on the tilt wave front of grating pulse technique. The system was employed for the terahertz detection of trace living cervical cancer cells. We achieved transient detection of the terahertz pulse time-domain waveform of the living HeLa cells. The characteristic absorption peaks were identified by Lambert-Beer law, respectively, at 0.49, 0.71, 1.04, 1.07, 1.26 and 1.37 THz. The absorbance is proportional to the cell concentration.

1 Biographical abstractsYun Qiu is an assistant professor at the Institute for Economic and Social Research at Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). She obtained a PhD in Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics from Ohio State University. She is a Fellow of the Global Labor Organization (GLO). Yun uses applied econometric techniques to conduct research in areas focused on (1) understanding the health and productivity impacts of extreme weather and air pollution in China; (2) characterizing the influencing factors of the spread of COVID-19 and its socioeconomic impacts; and (3) valuing coastal adaptation strategies and urban amenities.Xi Chen is an associate professor of Health Policy and Economics at Yale University. He obtained a PhD in Applied Economics from Cornell University. His research endeavors focus on improving public policies on population aging, life course health, and global health systems. Dr. Chen is a consultant at the United Nations Institutions, Fellow at the Global Labor Organization (GLO), former President of the China Health Policy and Management Society, and Butler-Williams Scholar at the US National Institutes of Health. Dr. Chen’s work has been published in prestigious economics, science, and medical journals, recognized through numerous awards, and widely covered in media.Wei Shi is an associate professor at the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). His research interests include topics in econometrics, real estate economics, and applied microeconomics. His current research focuses on panel data models with spatial interactions and multidimensional heterogeneities, peer effects models, and applications of spatial econometric models. He is a Fellow of the Global Labor Organization (GLO) and obtained his PhD in economics from Ohio State University.

目的:观察脑血疏口服液治疗脑卒中后脑水肿的疗效,并探讨其作用机制.方法:通过对多中心临床随机对照研究,对比观察、分析脑卒中患者应用脑血疏口服液后的脑水肿增加率、Barthel指数和NIH-SS评分.结果:治疗组患者应用脑血疏口服液治疗后d3,d7和d14,其脑水肿体积增加率均在统计学上低于对照组(P＜0.05).出血性脑卒中治疗组患者接受脑血疏口服液治疗前后Barthel指数在统计学上提高(P＜0.05),且疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05);缺血性脑卒中治疗组患者接受脑血疏口服液治疗前后NIHSS评分在统计学上降低(P＜0.05),且疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:脑血疏口服液可减轻患者脑卒中脑出血周围脑组织水肿,改善患者神经功能缺损,提高脑卒中的疗效.

Stomatin-like protein-2 (SLP-2) has emerged as a cytoprotective protein that confers a protective effect against various stresses. However, whether SLP-2 confers neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of SLP-2 in regulating oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, which has been used as an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that OGD/R treatment resulted in a significant reduction in SLP-2 expression in neurons. Functional experiments demonstrated that SLP-2 overexpression significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in OGD/R-exposed neurons, while SLP-2 inhibition showed the opposite effect. Notably, SLP-2 overexpression was shown to up-regulate the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, SLP-2 overexpression increased the nuclear expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and reinforced the activity of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcription. However, AMPK inhibition or Nrf2/ARE inhibition partially reversed SLP-2-mediated neuroprotection effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SLP-2 confers neuroprotection effect in OGD/R-injured neurons associated with reinforcing AMPK/Nrf2 signalling, suggesting SLP-2 as a potential therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Time jitter of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) is investigated at an optical excitation of 1053-nm wavelength and 500-ps pulse duration. The experimental results indicate that the time jitter of the GaAs PCSS exhibits a nonmonotonic variation in the negative differential mobility (NDM) region. All of these time jitters are lower than 4% of the rise time of the switching waveform. The optimum time jitter of ~15 ps is achieved at the onset of the NDM region. The theoretical relationship between the optical excitation parameters, the bias electric field, and the time jitter of the GaAs PCSS is built up. The nonmonotonic behavior of the time jitter with electric field is attributed to the instability of the relative fluctuation of drift velocity caused by inter-valley transition of carriers in GaAs.

Objective To study the effect of Naoxueshu on the expression of caspase-3 in hippocampus of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)rat.Methods The changes of expressions of caspase-3 were studied by immunohistochemistry method.The expression of caspase-3 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Cats were divided into the control group (group A),ICH group(group B) and Naoxueshu group (group C).Results There were significantly difference of expressions of caspase-3 in three groups,immunohistochemistry indicated that the expressions of caspase-3 in hippocampus highly decreased in group C compared with groupA and B (P ＜ 0.05).Expression of caspase-3 mRNA group A,group B and group C for each time point were detected.Expression in group B significantly increased;higher than group A and group C expression significantly,group C expression significantly higher than group A(P ＜ 0.05).Protein expression of caspase-3 in group A,group B and group C were detected.Expression in group B cells is higher than group A.Expression of group C higher than group A and significantly reduced compared with group B(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Naoxueshu can reduce apoptosis of rat's hippocampal neurons in vivo.

MicroRNAs have been shown to play an important role in stem cell fate determination and self-renewal. However, the role of miRNAs in neural stem cells (NSCs) remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that miR-346, a less characterized microRNA, promoted NSCs proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by targeting KLF4, a core transcriptional factor in stem cell fate determination. Our data suggested that miR-346 could directly target the 3'-untranslated region of KLF4. Overexpression of miR-346 decreased KLF4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in NSCs. More importantly, Overexpression of miR-346 repressed NSC proliferation and induced the expression of lineage markers including GFAP and Tuj1. Additionally, overexpression of miR-346 promoted apoptosis of NSCs. In concert, suppressing its expression by an antisense RNA, anti-miR-346, promoted NSC proliferation, and meanwhile inhibited its differentiation and apoptosis. We also showed that the effects of miR-346 overexpression could be reversed by re-expression of KLF4. Taken together, Those data suggest that miR-346 is a novel miRNA that regulates NSC proliferation and differentiation by targeting KLF4.

Objective The feasibility and reliability of the low-cost atugmented reality (AR) in minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were discussed.Methods A total of 17 ICH patients treated with minimally invasive endoscopic surgery were recruited.After brain computed tomography (CT) scan,the digital imaging and communications in medicine data (DICOM) were loaded into free software 3D-slicer.The hematomas and the scalps were recomtructed by the software respectively before the screemhots with markers on the virtual scalp were transmitted to an iPhone5 smart phone.Augmented reality based on an iOS app of camera allowed a projection of the hematoma to be seen on the patients scalp to facilitate selection of the best endoscopy approach.An obturator and transparent sheath was used to estabhsh a working channel,and the surgical evacuation of the hematomas was performed with endoscopy.Results The hematomas of 17 ICH patients were punctured successfully with the low-cost augrmented reality technology,and the target locatiom were verified by the endoscopy.Conclusion The application of low-cost augmented reality in ICH can provide the reliable and accurate direction for the minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).