Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power exhibit intermittency and volatility due to weather conditions,which can compromise the reliable operation of multi-energy complementary systems.Hydrogen energy,as a high-quality secondary energy source,offers advantages of being green,pollution-free,and possessing high energy density.To address the uncertainty in new energy output,this paper constructs a multi-energy complementary cogeneration system model.This system integrates a thermal power unit,wind turbines,photovoltaic generators,an electric boiler,and a hydrogen storage system,incorporating waste heat recovery to enhance system flexibility and energy utilization efficiency.Based on this,an optimization scheduling model is established with the dual objectives of minimizing total operating costs and reducing carbon emissions.For this model,an improved multi-objective simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed,effectively accelerating convergence and preventing local optima.Simulation analysis using a case study from a region in Shandong province demonstrates that the proposed method reduces the system's total operating costs by an average of 12.51%and carbon emissions by 5.53%,validating the feasibility and superiority of the developed model and algorithm.

Lattice oxygen turnover dictates both activity and stability for spinel-catalyzed VOCs oxidation, yet its stepresolved correlation with specific metal-oxygen ensembles is still obscure, hampering performance optimization and even causing deactivation. Here, non-redox-active Mg2 + /Al3+ probes are employed to selectively reorganize Co-O configuration, offering a clean platform controlling lattice oxygen behavior. The optimized CoAl spinel with a well-balanced Co-O distribution delivers a state-of-the-art toluene oxidation rate of 0.35 x 10-8 mol.m-2.s-1 at 180 degrees C and excellent stability even in 8 H2O, outperforming reported spinel oxides. Conversely, tetrahedral (unoptimized Co-Al spinel) and octahedral bias (Mg-Co spinel) reduce oxidation rates by 2.6- and 3.9fold, respectively, with the octahedral bias leading to a 39.8 % conversion decline over 50 h. A quantitative correlation between Co dual-site synergy and lattice oxygen turnover dynamics is established, revealing that the oxidation rate scales linearly with the descriptor of octahedral-tetrahedral pair (1:1) content. The intrinsic origin lies in that octahedral Co-O provides electron-deficient lattice oxygen that can be readily extracted, while tetrahedral Co-O accelerates oxygen vacancy backfilling, and catalytic oxidation depends on the equilibrium between the two. Our findings forge the site-electron-oxygen-performance connection, offering a roadmap for translating site-level insights into spinel catalysts with durable and efficient VOCs oxidation performance.

The development of highly active and inexpensive electrocatalysts is imperative for the widespread adoption and commercial viability of water electrolysis. Herein, a three-step hydrothermal method is employed to sulfurize a Ni foam (NF) substrate, followed by the sequential synthesis of a Co-containing precursor and Mn-based nanoparticles in situ on the sulfurized NF, leading to the construction of the Co3O4@MnO2/Ni3S2 heterostructure for overall electrochemical water splitting. In the 1 M KOH electrolyte, the synthesized electrocatalyst demonstrates low overpotentials of 248 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and 125 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction to reach 10 mA cm- 2. The Co3O4@MnO2/Ni3S2/NF electrode demonstrates superior performance in a twoelectrode system, achieving 100 mA cm- 2 at a cell voltage of 1.966 V, which is even lower than that of the tested noble-metal benchmark (Pt/C/NF || RuO2/NF). The stability experiment conducted at a high current density for 75 h demonstrates the material's exceptional durability and integrated capability. This simple and versatile strategy offers valuable insights for designing and synthesizing advanced functional composites.

Aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., acetone) usually exist in typical industrial environments. Although catalytic oxidation is promising for their simultaneous removal, competitive adsorption and the selective reactivity of oxygen species limit its synergistic efficiency. Herein, Lanthanum (La) was introduced to modulate the electron localization at tetrahedral (Td) and octahedral (Oh) sites in CoMn2O4, thereby governing the distribution and reactivity of oxygen species, accompanied by an overall shift in surface acid-base properties. The large ionic radius and low electronegativity of La3+ induce pronounced lattice distortion and charge redistribution, particularly in tetrahedral sites of La0.1Co catalyst, activating otherwise inert CoTd-O units for efficient O2 activation and rapid replenishment of oxygen vacancies under high temperature conditions. Simultaneously, La doping weakens MnOh-O bonds at octahedral sites and stabilizes Mn4+ to enhance lattice oxygen mobility and reactivity. This dual activation enhances electrophilic attack on aromatic rings and promotes C-H bond activation, governing the oxidation of toluene and acetone. The overall optimization of surface acid-base properties mitigates competitive adsorption and facilitates the degradation of reaction intermediates. Notably, for mixed VOCs removal, La0.1Co lowers the T90 for toluene by 45 °C and increases the specific reaction rate of toluene oxidation compared to pristine CoMn2O4. This work provides insights and modification strategies for designing efficient catalysts tailored to both single- and mixed-component VOCs.

Abstract To address the decline in ash fusibility temperature (AFT) and furnace slagging issues resulting from co-firing coal and biomass, this research uses Ordos bituminous coal (BC) and corn stover (CS) as the base fuels. Techniques employed for analysis include AFT measurements and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis, coupled with mineral transformation simulations using FactSage software, to investigate the effects of the blend ratio and the use of industrial red mud and Kaolin as additives on the ash fusion properties of the mixed fuel. The findings reveal that incorporating CS introduces substantial amounts of alkali metals, which promote the extensive formation of low-melting-point feldspars that replace refractory minerals, thereby leading to a significant decline in the fuel’s softening temperature (ST). Observations show that red mud with different compositions exhibits varying efficacy in the co-firing system. It can slightly elevate the ST by promoting the creation of high-melting-point spinels; conversely, it may also lead to a drastic decrease in ST by introducing excessive Na and Fe, which promote the formation of lower-melting nepheline and fayalite. To overcome the limitations of individual additives, a “red mud-Kaolin” composite additive was introduced. It was found that Kaolin effectively replenishes the Si and Al components in the system, inhibiting the creation of low-melting mineral phases and reconstructing a refractory mineral skeleton predominantly composed of saturated feldspar and mullite, thus achieving a substantial synergistic enhancement of the AFT. These insights offer a theoretical foundation for the co-firing of coal and biomass and the resource utilization of red mud.

The imperative for efficient electrocatalysts, enriched with Earth elements, is integral to the pursuit of water splitting for generating clean, renewable chemical fuels. The design of efficient and durable electrocatalysts capable of being used in both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been widely investigated. The uniform three-phase Co9S8/MnS/MoS2 nanosheet heterostructured electrocatalyst with nickel foam (NF) as the carrier is designed by a series of hydrothermal methods. The interlocking nanosheet structure provided abundant heterogeneous interfaces, which facilitated the exchange of substances and electron transfer, and thus greatly improved its HER and OER capabilities. The obtained results indicate the optimum OER and HER activities of the Co9S8/MnS/MoS2/NF-2 electrodes in alkaline solution when the molar ratio of the precursor is Mo : S = 1 : 5. The overpotentials of the Co9S8/MnS/MoS2/NF-2 electrode at 10 mA cm-2 are 85 mV, 254 mV in HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, a cell voltage of 1.55 V is desired to drive the Co9S8/MnS/MoS2/NF-2 two-electrode system up to 10 mA cm-2. The activity and stabilities of three-phase Co9S8/MnS/MoS2 reported in this work can offer useful insights for the development of transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts.

Enriching oxygen species in perovskite catalysts provides more active sites for the catalytic oxidation of air pollutants, but its further application in environmental chemical engineering is still constrained by the inherent lack of oxygen species reactivity and the difficulty of replenishing depleted oxygen species. Herein, we present a scalable one-pot strategy for the in situ fabrication of a homogeneously distributed heterostructure, which brings La2CuO4 perovskite a 58-fold activity enhancement and robust antisintering/water/coke in toluene oxidation, higher than currently reported perovskite catalysts. Superior to the single "oxygen enrichment" effect of conventional surface-aggregated heterostructures, the homogeneously distributed heterostructures induce the reactivity enhancement of adsorbed oxygen and the backfilling/replenishment of depleted lattice oxygen, which break through the rate-determining steps of the low-temperature Langmuir-Hinshelwood and the high-temperature Mars-van Krevelen mechanisms, respectively. The scalability has been demonstrated in broader perovskite systems and for oxygen evolution reaction, offering a more dependable oxygen supply for environmental catalysis.

The dual-evaporator loop heat pipe (DeLHP) exhibits more applications than a single-evaporator loop heat pipe in a chip-level cooling field. However, increasing the evaporators leads to a complex pipeline structure. This study focuses on developing and investigating a new parallel structure for the DeLHP. Experimental research was conducted to analyze the startup characteristics of DeLHP under single-load and dual-load conditions, and its operational characteristics under various variable power conditions. Numerical simulation was employed to analyze the fluid distribution and flow characteristics. The results indicate that heating the evaporator near the vapor pipeline achieves faster startup and more stable temperatures under a single load. Under dual loads, DeLHP exhibits a faster startup compared to a single load. When the thermal load near the vapor pipeline is greater than the load on the evaporator near the liquid pipeline, DeLHP starts faster and maintains a lower stable temperature. Under a maximum total load of 300 W, the heating surface temperature stabilizes below 80 degrees C. The numerical simulation results indicate that when evaporator 1 near the liquid pipeline is individually heated, the temperatures, vapor fractions, and fluid velocities of the two evaporators are more balanced. The power usage effectiveness reaches a minimum value of 1.09 at 150 W. These research findings provide reliable and substantive support for the performance optimization of DeLHPs in practical applications.

The catalytic volatile organic compound oxidation poses a dilemma for perovskite (ABO3) catalysts, as their high lattice oxygen reactivity (electron-deficient O-(2-x)) depends on attracting coordinated oxygen electrons through an increased electronegativity of B-site cations, but this impedes the healing of oxygen vacancies and thus results in a low concentration of active lattice oxygen due to the limited O2 dissociation in electron-deficient environments. Herein, we compress [Co/MnO6] octahedra through A-site Cs+ doping in the double perovskite (La2CoMnO6-σ), which optimizes the orbital hybridization between Co/Mn 3d and O 2p. This promotes electron transfer from O to Co/Mn while reducing Co/Mn electronegativity, resulting in a synergistic improvement of lattice oxygen reactivity and oxygen vacancy healing. As a result, La1.70Cs0.30CoMnO6-δ exhibits a remarkable 30.2-fold and 4.5-fold increase in toluene oxidation rates at 200 °C compared to LaMnO3 and La2CoMnO6-σ, respectively, surpassing the reported Co/Mn-based perovskites. Due to its ultrahigh lattice oxygen reactivity and abundant active lattice oxygen, benzaldehyde intermediates predominantly governed by adsorbed oxygen are synchronously oxidized to CO2 and H2O by lattice oxygen, enabling Mars-van Krevelen reactions to function efficiently coupled with Langmuir-Hinshelwood reactions. This work harmonizes the reactivity and abundance of lattice oxygen, offering a robust strategy to advance the development of high-performance perovskite catalysts for catalytic oxidation.

Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flue gases from the coking chemical industry or motor vehicles is often suppressed by co-existing high-concentration CO. The suppression effect can be attributed to the competition of reactive oxygen species. Herein, we present a CuMnOx spinel-based catalyst featuring a heterostructure of Mn2O3 and Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 via F- introduction, and CO acts a promoter for toluene oxidation during the simultaneous toluene and CO oxidation process. Compared to the separate toluene oxidation process, T90 decreased by up to 36 degrees C, and the reaction rate increased 34.58-fold at 220 degrees C. The combination of various characterization and density functional theory calculations reveals that the heterostructure promotes Mn-O-Cu charge transfer, leading to high activity of lattice oxygen. The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra indicate that CO oxidation, which followed Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, accelerates the in-situ generation of oxygen vacancies (Ov). The in-situ generated Ov further participate in the toluene catalytic oxidation reactions following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. The extra generated adsorption oxygen species (Oads) accelerates the formation and decomposition of key intermediates like benzoic acid, thereby advancing the rate-determining step of toluene oxidation. The heterostructure activates the surface lattice oxygen, and CO favors replenishing depleted oxygen species, thereby co-accelerating the active oxygen cycling. This study provides deep insights into the catalytic removal mechanisms of VOCs under CO-rich conditions and offers a general strategy for designing multi-pollutant removal catalysts.

With the changing climate and the depletion of fossil energy, the multi-energy complementary combined heat and power (CHP) system has received widespread attention. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal dispatch method for a multi-energy complementary CHP system containing a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant with thermal energy storage (TES). The system consists of CHP units, wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic (PV) systems, CSP plants with TES, and electric boilers (EB). With the improvements of system operation economy and stability as the objective functions, a multi-objective optimized day-ahead scheduling model of the integrated energy system is established, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is adopted to address the problem. Finally, through case studies, it is demonstrated that the optimization dispatch method effectively integrates renewable energy, balances system profits, reduces carbon dioxide emission, and ensures the stable operation of the system.

Converting coal-fired power plants into combined coal and biomass power generation systems not only optimizes the use of biomass resources but also significantly curtails CO2 emissions during electricity production, aiding in the pursuit of carbon peak and neutrality goals. Nonetheless, integrating biomass fuel into these systems can modify the original fuel's ash fusion behavior. This research primarily examines the co-combustion of Ordos bituminous coal (BC) and corn stover (CS) and investigates the ash fusion properties post-co-combustion through the use of additives. Techniques employed for analysis include an ash fusion point tester, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), coupled with mineral transformation simulations via Factsage software. The findings reveal that CS's ash fusibility temperature (AFT) is notably lower compared to BC, and the AFT tends to decline with an increasing blend ratio. The strategic addition of certain additives significantly elevates the AFT of the mixed fuel. The presence of CS encourages the formation of silicates with lower melting points, whereas additives like MgO, Kaolin, and Ca(H2PO4)(2) promote the creation of minerals with higher melting points, thus enhancing the AFT of the blended fuel. Observations show varying efficacy of these three additives in the co-firing system with different CS proportions. These experimental insights offer practical guidance for power plants in terms of biomass co-firing and selecting appropriate additives.

Evaluating the charging status of power batteries is very important in battery management systems, and the accuracy and parameter identification of battery models are crucial for it. Using DST and FUDS lithium-ion battery dynamic mode datasets for simulation verification, and comparing with particle swarm optimization algorithm, grey wolf algorithm, and genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that this method has advantages in recognition accuracy, with an average quadratic error of 0.0166V for parameter recognition. Compared with other optimization algorithms, it decreased by 7.8%, 8.3%, and 14.9% respectively.

In order to achieve accurate and effective thermal management of high-performance electronic components, the performance of a small flat loop heat pipe was investigated. A flexible composite capillary wick material has been applied in a flat loop heat pipe. Surface modification of carbon fiber felt was carried out using arc spraying technology to make it a more suitable material for producing capillary wicks. The physical properties of the modified carbon fiber felts were determined by measuring their wettability, porosity, capillary force, and thermal conductivity. A small flat loop heat pipe assembled with carbon fiber felt wick was designed and fabricated, and experimental testing was conducted. The experimental data indicated that the performance of methanol was better than that of acetone and water. The loop heat pipe with a 60% filling ratio maintained the heat source temperature at 84.47 degrees C under a load of 120 W (30 W/cm2). Conditions where the heat source starts before the cooling system are more favorable for the quick and stable startup of the loop heat pipe. The experimental results demonstrated that the loop heat pipe with a modified carbon fiber felt wick exhibited excellent operational and heat transfer performance.

In the context of the determination and implementation of the dual carbon goal, it is an important trend of China’s energy strategy to incorporate a considerable proportion of renewable energy into the power grid. Therefore, energy consumption is gradually turning to new energy sources such as wind energy and wind energy. Considering the limitations of random, intermittent and anti-peak regulation of energy forms such as wind and light, a multi-objective optimization model of wind, light, fire and storage combined power generation and heating is built. This model can fine-tune and fill the valley by using the peak regulating capacity of thermal power plants and pumped storage devices, so that the whole system has stable power generation and heating capacity. The model is solved by multi-purpose particle swarm optimization algorithm based on maximum total generation and heating rotation and minimum generation and heating slope fluctuation. The calculation results show that the established model can effectively improve the wind and light consumption rates and reduce the peak set pressure of the thermal device.

Under high heat flux, the heat leakage rate of the compensation chamber in a small loop heat pipe is large, which affects the operational stability and heat transfer efficiency of the loop heat pipe. It was proposed for the first time to locally modify the capillary wick thermal conductivity through surface modification, thereby reducing the heat leakage from the compensation chamber. By spraying a high thermal conductivity metal coating on the surface of a low thermal conductivity carbon fiber felt, the contradiction between the heat dissipation rate of the heat source and the heat leakage of the compensation chamber was solved. Static wicking height showed that the metal coating increased the suction force of the carbon fiber felt. Start-up and operation experiments showed that the modified wick significantly improved the start-up stability of the loop heat pipe and reduced the temperature of the heat dissipation surface. The loop heat pipe with a single-sided-coated wick showed the lowest heat dissipation surface temperature, thermal resistance, and heat leakage rate. The loop heat pipe with an aluminum single-sided-coated wick exhibited a heat source temperature of 82.81 degrees C, a thermal resistance of 0.26 K/W, and a heat transfer coefficient of 26.44 kW/(m(2).K) under a load of 150 W (37.5 W/cm(2)). This study has significantly contributed to the future application of loop heat pipes in high heat flux electronic cooling.

Multi-carbon air pollutants pose serious hazards to the environment and health, especially soot and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Catalytic oxidation is one of the most effective technologies for eliminating them. The oxidation of soot and most hydrocarbon VOCs begins with C–H (or edge-CH) activation, so this commonality can be targeted to design active sites. Rationally designed interface nanostructures optimize metal-support interactions (MSIs), providing suitable active sites for C–H activation. Meanwhile, the interfacial reactant spillover facilitates the further decomposition of activated intermediates. Thus, rationally exploiting interfacial effects is critical to enhancing catalytic activity. In this review, we analyzed recent advances in the following aspects: I. Understanding of the interface effects and design; II. Optimization of the catalyst-reactant contact, metal-support interface, and MSIs; III. Design of the interfacial composition and perimeter. Based on the analysis of the advances and current status, we provided challenges and opportunities for the rational design of interface nanostructures and interface-related stability. Meanwhile, a critical outlook was given on the interfacial sites of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for specific activation and catalytic selectivity.

Catalytic oxidation is effective in removing stable CO and light alkanes. Noble metal catalysts show excellent performance due to their strong chemisorption of CO and high activity towards methyl dehydrogenation. Therein, the interfacial effects dominate the charge states of noble metals through the metal-support interactions, thereby governing their stability and activation effects to reactants. Meanwhile, the reverse oxygen spillover at the interface determines the deep oxidation performance of activated intermediates. Thus, revealing the struc-ture-function relationship of the interface is critical to the optimal design of active and stable catalysts for the catalytic oxidation. In this review, we collected and summarized significant advances in the following aspects: I. Effective methods to regulate the interfacial interactions; II. Mechanism understanding on modifying the coor-dination and interface structure; III. Advanced techniques for improving the interface-related stability/resis-tance. Based on the analysis and our understanding of the current progress and difficulties, we provided perspectives on this emerging field, especially the characterization of interface-related intermediates and reac-tion mechanism, and the rational design of heterostructures for air pollution control.

Catalytic oxidation of air pollutants depends on the active oxygen species, which requires a deep understanding of the active sites responsible for oxygen activation. In this study, we utilized a heterostructured support (ZnMn2O4@MnO2) to modulate the metal-support interactions (MSIs) in single-atom Pd catalysts, achieving efficient activation of both adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and lattice oxygen (Olatt). Specifically, the tailored MSIs induced an efficient redox pair for CO oxidation, i.e., Pd1O3 and Pd1O5, promoting the activation of O2 to Oads, which led to 90% CO conversion at room temperature and a novel “MvK-induced L-H” reaction mechanism. Moreover, the tailored MSIs induced the stretching of the Mn-O bond, facilitating the participation of Olatt in toluene oxidation. Our results demonstrate a novel approach to modulating MSIs in single-atom catalysts (SACs) and highlight the superiority of the strong MSIs introduced by heterostructured supports for oxygen activation.

By taking a 130 t/h water-cooled grate biomass boiler as the research object, the ANSYS software is applied to simulate the effects of the tail burnout air’s incidence angle, wind speed, and pipe diameter on flow field distribution in the furnace, the movement of unburned carbon particles at the tail of the grate under cold operation. The influence rules of the incidence angle, pipe diameter, and wind speed of the tail burnout air on the combustion in the furnace and the movement of the tail particles were obtained. The results show that the setting of burnout air at the tail of the grate can better organize the air flow field at the grate tail, change the particle distribution, prevent small density particles from directly falling into the ash hopper, and prolong the residence time of particles on the grate. Under the study conditions, with an increase in the outlet velocity and the pipe diameter of the tail burnout air, as the movement degree and the burnout degree of grate particles increase, the boiler efficiency increases. With an increase in the incidence angle of the tail burnout air, the flow field in the furnace and the reduction ratio of the tail particles increases at first and then decreases, and the optimal incidence angle is 11–13°.