OBJECTIVE:It is well-established that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its ingredients increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence of the causal link at the genetic level is limited. The current study explored the causal relationship between MetS and its ingredients and six types of CVDs using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), which may be helpful for the early prevention and screening of CVDs. METHODS:Several appropriate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables for MetS. The random-effects inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the dominant method. The threshold value was set at P<1.39E-03. MR-Egger and weighted median methods were utilized as additional tests to the MR analysis. Finally, methods such as Cochran's Q test were used to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS:Analysis of data from subjects of European ancestry revealed that genetically predicted MetS has a significant causal link with myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Significant causal effects were found between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ischemic stroke (IS), MI, and coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypertension was causally associated with stroke, MI, CAD, and atrial fibrillation (AF). Meanwhile, a causal association was found between obesity and MI and CAD. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was causally associated with stroke and MI. Triglyceride was causally associated with MI and CAD. DISCUSSION:This study utilized 18 publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics and three commonly used MR methods. Through various sensitivity validations, the reliability was verified. The results revealed 15 significant causal relationships between MetS and its components and six types of CVDs. CONCLUSIONS:The two-sample MR study reveals causal associations between MetS and its ingredients and six types of CVDs. Thus, early prevention and management of MetS and its ingredients remain a cornerstone of CVD prevention.

Objective: It is well established that melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 locus polymorphism is associated with increased obesity risk and that obesity is strongly associated with an enhanced risk of all metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Thus, in this study, we examined the association between the MC4R rs17782313 locus polymorphism and the risk of the remaining MS components, namely, diabetes, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: We performed an extensive literature screening across six scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and WanFang employing a specific search strategy. Eligible studies were selected for inclusion in our meta-analysis, and odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed through fixed- or random-effects models to examine correlation strength. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses involving adjustment factors (unadjusted body mass index [BMI], adjusted BMI), race (Caucasian, Asian), and source of controls (population, hospital). Results: Twenty-two eligible studies were selected from 846 articles, involving 28,018 patients and 98,994 normal participants. Based on this meta-analysis, the MC4R rs17782313 locus polymorphism was associated with an augmented risk of diabetes (allele contrast model T vs. C: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.08; dominant model TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.11) and hypertension (dominant model TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.31) risk. However, based on this analysis, the MC4R rs17782313 locus polymorphism was not associated with low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia risk. Conclusions: Based on this analysis, the MC4R rs17782313 locus polymorphism is associated with enhanced risks of diabetes and hypertension, while the associations with low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia require further exploration.

Objective: The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal function remains controversial in observational studies. To comprehensively investigate the association between MetS and its components with CKD and renal function, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. Methods: The inverse variance weighting (IVW) of random effects was used as the main estimation method, while MR-Egger and weighted median analysis results were used for auxiliary judgments. Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results: The MR analyses of genetically predicted MetS and its components' association with CKD risk and renal function showed the following causal associations: hypertension with CKD risk; MetS and obesity with increased blood urea nitrogen and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C; hypertension and diabetes with increased urine albumin-creatinine ratio and increased risk of microalbuminuria; and CKD with increased triglyceride. Conclusion: Based on genetic data, this study demonstrated an association between hypertension and CKD risk and a causal association between other MetS components and renal function. The early diagnosis and prevention of MetS and its components might be essential for CKD management.

Objectives: To investigate the association between the blood concentration of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in local multiethnic residents and the increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture population. Methods: A total of 2078 subjects with (study group) or without (control group) MS (1217 Korean-Chinese and 861 Han-Chinese subjects) were included in this study. MS subjects were divided into five groups according to ethnicity and MS components. They were assessed for smoking history, drinking history, past medical history, general demographic characteristics, and LCN2 concentrations. Results: LCN2 concentrations were higher in all ethnic MS groups than in the control group, and the highest concentrations were detected in Han-Chinese subjects with dyslipidemia. Moreover, LCN2 concentrations were significantly higher in Korean-Chinese individuals with all MS components than in the control group. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the unadjusted models, Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese individuals with high LCN2 concentrations both faced a risk of MS with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.339 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.632-3.352) and 1.523 (95% CI: 1.101-2. 108), respectively. After the adjustment, the risk only remained in Korean-Chinese individuals, with an OR of 1.818 (95% CI: 1.031-3.207). Conclusion: Elevated circulating LCN2 was associated with the increased incidence of MS, and the effect in Korean-Chinese individuals was stronger than that in Han-Chinese individuals.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between Lipocalin-2（LCN2） and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）in Yanbian population and the interaction between LCN2 and fasting blood glucose（FBG） in NAFLD. METHODS A total of 2 192 adults over 20 years old who participated in physical examination for chronic diseases from June 2017 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects. Height, body mass, blood lipid, blood glucose, kidney function, liver function and LCN2were determined, and the association between LCN2 and NAFLD and the interaction between LCN2and blood glucose in NAFLD were analyzed. RESULTS Age, body mass index, FBG, total cholesterol,triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, serum uric acid, creatinine, urea nitrogen and LCN2 levels of NAFLD group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P＜0. 05）, while high density lipoprotein level was significantly lower than that of the control group（P＜0. 05）. Without adjustment, the risk of NAFLD in the high LCN2 group was 1. 755 times（95%CI: 1. 427 – 2. 158） that of the normal LCN2 group, and the risk disappeared after adjusting for age, gender and other influencing factors. After adjusting for age,gender and other influencing factors,the risk of NAFLD in the diabetes group was 2. 437 times（95%CI: 1. 638–3. 626） that of the normal group,and there was an interaction between LCN2 and FBG in NAFLD.CONCLUSION LCN2 is correlated with NAFLD,but it is not an independent influencing factor, and there is interaction between LCN2 and FBG in patients with NAFLD.

目的 基于肠道菌群的变化探讨维生素(Vit)D和益生菌的联合对骨骼的保护作用.方法 将 32 只大鼠随机分为对照组、VitD组、益生菌组、VitD+益生菌组.连续灌胃4 w.测量各组大鼠体质量,血清钙、磷、镁、Ⅰ型胶原交联C末端肽(CTX)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)含量及大鼠骨组织参数[骨密度(BMD)、骨体积(BV)、所选ROI体积(TV)、相对骨体积(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)、结构模型指数(SMI)],粪便肠道菌群.结果 VitD组、VitD+益生菌组血清钙含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);VitD组、益生菌组和VitD+益生菌组血清CTX含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),VitD+益生菌组血清CTX含量明显低于VitD组和益生菌组(P<0.05);益生菌组、VitD组、益生菌组和VitD+益生菌组血清B-ALP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);VitD+益生菌组血清B-ALP含量含量显著高于VitD组和益生菌组(P<0.05).VitD组和VitD+益生菌组BMD、Tb.Th显著高于对照组(P<0.05);VitD+益生菌组BMD、Tb.Th显著高于VitD组和益生菌组(P<0.05);VitD组和VitD+益生菌组BV/TV明显高于对照组(P<0.05);VitD+益生菌组Tb.Sp明显低于对照组、VitD组和益生菌组(P<0.05);益生菌组和VitD+益生菌组SMI显著低于对照组(P<0.05).补充VitD和益生菌会增加肠道菌群数量,肠道菌群物种增多.结论 补充VitD和益生菌可改善实验大鼠骨代谢,提高BMD,改善骨小梁形态;丰富肠道菌群菌落多样性,联合补充效果优于单独补充VitD.

目的 探讨延边地区汉族、朝鲜族男性颈围与高血压、腹型肥胖的关系.方法 选择2017年6-9月在某社区参与慢性病健康体检的1276位成年男性为研究对象.检测颈围、腰围、身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压等,并进行统计分析.结果 随着颈围的增加,不同民族男性高血压和腹型肥胖的患病率呈显著增加(均趋势P值<0.05);颈围与体质指数、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关,而与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(P<0.05);在调整混杂因素以后,朝鲜族男性颈围上三分位组高血压的患病危险升高,是下三分位组的3.201倍,而腹型肥胖的患病危险几乎不变.汉族男性颈围上三分位组高血压和腹型肥胖的患病危险均下降,分别是下三分位组的1.833倍和77.445倍.颈围在朝鲜族男性人群中诊断高血压和腹型肥胖的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.614和0.843,最佳切点是38.30 cm和39.30 cm;在汉族男性中,颈围诊断高血压和腹型肥胖的曲线下面积分别为0.605和0.883,最佳切点分别为41.45 cm和40.10 cm.结论 在延边地区朝鲜族和汉族男性中,颈围与高血压、腹型肥胖密切相关,颈围的增加可以预测高血压、腹型肥胖的发生,且对于朝鲜族男性腹型肥胖的预测价值高于汉族男性.

目的 探究视黄醇结合蛋白 4(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)、内脂素与肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtra-tion rate,GFR)的相关性,分析影响过程中的可能中介变量并探讨其中介作用.方法 选择 2011 年延边地区某医院 18 岁以上健康体检人群共计 969 例.分析该人群RBP4、内脂素与GFR的相关性;采用多重线性回归分析GFR与各检测指标之间的关联,筛选可能的中介变量;构建方程模型进行路径分析,并使用自助法(Bootstrapping法)评估中介作用的显著性.结果 GFR异常组RBP4、内脂素水平均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义,且RBP4、内脂素与GFR相关.SBP、DBP、HDL、GGT为RBP4、内脂素与GFR影响过程可能的中介变量(P<0.05),路径分析及Bootsrapping法检验中介效应显示SBP、DBP、HDL、GGT在RBP4、内脂素对GFR的影响过程中均起到中介作用.结论 RBP4、内脂素与GFR有相关性,且SBP、DBP、HDL及GGT具有中介作用.

目的 探讨在中老年人群中视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)4、内脏脂肪素(Visfatin)与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的相关性.方法 选取2011 年延边大学附属医院进行健康体检的45 岁及以上年人中身高、体质量等一般指标和RBP4 和Vis-fatin等指标完整的407 人作为研究对象,分析RBP4、Visfatin与NAFLD的相关性.结果 NAFLD组的RBP4 和Visfatin水平均高于非NAFLD组(P＜0.05),且RBP4 和Visfatin均与体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、空腹血糖(FBG)呈正相关,而与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)呈负相关(P＜0.05);未调整时高RBP4 和高Visfatin组患NAFLD的危险分别是低 RBP4 组和低 Visfatin 组的 3.175 倍(95%CI:2.014～5.004)和 2.446 倍(95%CI:1.595～3.752),调整年龄、性别、BMI、血压、肝功、肾功等因素后高RBP4 仍然是NAFLD患病危险因子(OR=1.902,95%CI:1.044～3.466),而Visfatin患病危险消失.结论 在中老年人群中RBP4 和Visfatin与NAFLD密切相关,特别是RBP4 是独立的影响因素.

[目的]探讨视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)及内脂素水平与肾小球滤过率(GFR)的相关性.[方法]选择于2011年在延边地区某医院行健康体格检查的18岁以上的成年人969例作为研究对象,采用Logistics回归分析不同水平RBP4及内脂素与GFR低下的相关性.[结果]GFR低下组RBP4、内脂素水平均明显高于GFR正常组(z=-2.114,P=0.034;z=4.011,P<0.001),随RBP4及内脂素水平升高GFR呈下降趋势(P<0.001).未调整时PBR4、内脂素均与GFR低下相关(OR=1.900,95％CI:1.075～3.360;OR=3.370,95％CI:1.766～6.432);调整性别、年龄、内脂素、RBP4、谷氨酰转肽酶、血脂及肾功等生物化学因素后,RBP4与内脂素对GFR低下的影响均消失(OR=1.278,95％CI:0.583～32.800;OR=1.820,95％CI:0.722～4.586).[结论]RBP4及内脂素水平均是GFR低下的影响因素,但不是独立危险因素.

目的 探讨不同年龄段非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与高血压的相关性.方法 在2017年6月至2018年8月间参与健康体检的年龄≥20岁成年人11 141名中入选符合条件者3 009人进行分析.根据《非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊疗指南(2010年修订版)》诊断NAFLD.采用logistic回归分析不同年龄段NAFLD与高血压的相关性.结果 青年、中年和老年NAFLD人群中高血压的检出率呈上升趋势(28.4％比40.3％比56.4％,x2=34.622,P趋势＜0.001).调整混杂因素后,多因素logistic回归分析显示,青年、中年和老年NAFLD人群高血压的患病风险分别是非 NAFLD 人群的3.17(95％CI 2.01～4.99)、2.72(95％CI 1.99～3.70)和 1.98(95％CI 1.29～3.05)倍,且NAFLD与年龄在高血压的患病中存在交互作用(x2=156.012,P交互＜0.001).结论 NAFLD与高血压的患病密切相关,不同年龄段人群中NAFLD对高血压患病的影响程度不同.

目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病对早期肾功能的影响及其性别差异.方法 选取2020年1～6月健康体检人群,共获取有效样本2045例,记录年龄、性别、身高、体重、收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP)等一般资料,同时检测血脂、血糖、肝功、肾功、钙、磷、空腹血糖(FBG)及肝脏超声,计算体重指数(BMI)和肾小球滤过率(eGFR).结果 男性EGFR与年龄、SBP、血肌酐(CREA)、尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(SUA)、胱抑素(Cys)-C、总胆红素(TBIL)呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、谷丙转氨酸(ALT)、γ-谷胱氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、磷(P)呈正相关.女性GFR与年龄、BMI、SBP、DBP、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、谷草转氨酸(AST)、GGT、CREA、BUN、SUA、CHE、前白蛋白(PA)、Cys-C、CO2-CP、Ca、TBIL、间接胆红素(DBIL)呈负相关,与HDL-C、白蛋白(ALB)、ALB/GLB呈正相关;女性未调整时NAFLD组低GFR的患病危险是无NAFLD组的2.955倍(95％CI 1.579～5.531),调整年龄、肥胖因素等后NAFLD组低GFR患病危险是无NAFLD组的2.484倍(95％CI 1.039～5.940).结论 女性GFR降低与血脂异常有相关性,而男性仅与HDL具有相关性,更重要的是患有NAFLD的女性比健康女性更易出现GFR降低,而患有NAFLD男性组未发现此结果.

The association between hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not completely understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between hypertension and hepatic ultrasound examination-diagnosed positive NAFLD in healthy people; to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis combining the results of previous studies; to explore whether hypertension was a risk factor for NAFLD. This study included 2049 adults (male: 870 and female: 1179), aged ≥20 years, whose anthropometric parameters were measured to analyze the risk of hypertension on NAFLD. We also collected data from 11 cross-sectional studies relevant to this topic using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP from beginning till 31 August 2020 and combined it with our data for a meta-analysis to explore whether hypertension was a risk factor for NAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of NAFLD in hypertensive subjects was 1.473 (95%CI: 1.119–1.938). After combining with 10 selected studies, 42711 participants were enrolled in meta-analysis. Hypertension was a risk factor for NAFLD (Z = 13.46, P < 0.001); the odds of NAFLD in hypertensive subjects was 1.43 (95%CI: 1.36–1.51). The results were consistent with the results of the meta-analysis. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

目的 探讨正常范围内的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)与代谢综合征(MS)的相关关系.方法 选取2017年6月-2019年10月在某医院体检科参与健康体检的20岁以上成年男女共3169名.分别分析GGT、GPT与各项指标的相关性及不同GGT、GPT水平的MS的患病风险.结果 随着GPT和GGT水平升高,高血压、高血脂、高血糖和超重及肥胖的患病危险均呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P趋势<0.001).不作调整时,GPT、GGT的上四分位数组MS患病危险分别是下四分位数组的5.020倍(95％CI:3.466～7.271)和5.532倍(95％CI:3.757～8.146),调整年龄、性别、尿酸、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白后,上四分位数组MS患病危险是分别下四分位数组的3.693倍(95％CI:2.505～5.443)和4.737倍(95％CI:3.094～7.253),并且不同模型中随着GGT和GPT水平的增加患MS危险是上升的.结论 正常范围内的血清GGT和GPT水平与MS及其组分密切相关,可能是MS的重要预测指标.

目的 系统评价MC4R附近的rs17782313(T/C)和rs12970134(G/A)多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)风险之间的相关性.方法 检索来自PubMed、Embase、Web of science、中国知网和万方数据库中已发表的文献.囊括评估两种MC4R多态性与T2DM之间关联的所有研究,检索时限为建库至2021年7月6日.采用Stata 15.0软件,进行meta分析.结果 共纳入16项关于MC4R单核苷酸多态性rs17782313和rs12970134的研究(33 902例T2DM病例和61 886例健康对照).Meta分析结果表明,MC4R基因rs17782313和rs12970134多态性的风险等位基因(C vs T/A vs G)与T2DM的患病相关(OR=1.05,95％CI:1.01～1.09).基因型分析显示,MC4R附近的rs17782313和rs12970134的多态性(TC+CC vsTT/GA+AA vs GG)与T2DM相关(OR=1.08,95％CI:1.01～1.15),并且未检测到发表偏倚.结论 MC4R基因附近的多态性(rs17782313和rs12970134)与T2DM的患病风险相关,即C或A等位基因和TC+CC或GA+AA基因型会增加T2DM患病风险.

目的 探讨延边地区朝鲜族和汉族中老年人群中脂质运载蛋白(LCN)2与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的相关性.方法 2017年6～12月在参与慢性健康体检的45岁及以上成年人1226名,测定身高、体重、血脂、血糖、肾功、肝功和LCN2等指标,分析LCN2与NAFLD的相关性及NAFLD的影响因素.结果 朝鲜族中NAFLD组超重及肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、高总胆固醇(TC)、高三酰甘油(TG)、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、低高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、高尿酸血症(SUA)、高谷氨酰基转肽酶(GGT)、高LCN2、吸烟率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);汉族中NAFLD组超重及肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、高TG、低HDL、高SUA、高肌酐(CREA)、高谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、高GGT、高LCN2、吸烟率均高于对照组(P<0.05);未调整时朝鲜族和汉族高LCN2组患NAFLD的危险分别是低LCN2组的1.692倍(95％CI:1.145～2.501)和1.733倍(95％CI:1.185～2.534),调整性别、吸烟、体重指数(BMI)等影响因素后朝鲜族和汉族这种关系均消失.朝鲜族NAFLD的影响因素有超重及肥胖、糖尿病、高TC和高TG.结论 朝鲜族和汉族中老年人群中LCN2均与NAFLD存在相关性,但均不是独立影响因素,且NAFLD的影响因素存在民族差异.

[目的]探讨朝鲜族和汉族女性颈围与糖代谢异常的相关性.[方法]选择2017年6月至2017年9月间在某社区参与慢性病健康体检的20岁以上朝鲜族和汉族女性作为研究对象,分析颈围与糖代谢异常的相关性并评价颈围在糖代谢异常诊断中的价值.[结果]朝鲜族和汉族女性糖代谢异常组颈围均明显高于对照组(P＜0.001),且颈围与空腹血糖呈正相关;朝鲜族和汉族女性的颈围诊断糖代谢异常的最佳临界值分别为33.30 cm和35.90 cm.未调整时朝鲜族和汉族女性高颈围组患糖代谢异常的风险分别是对照组的3.301倍(95％CI:1.523～6.033)和4.781倍(95％CI:2.599～8.795),调整年龄、血压、血脂、肝功能指标等因素后,朝鲜族女性患病风险消失,汉族女性高颈围组患糖代谢异常的危险是对照组的2.625倍(95％CI:1.307～5.273).[结论]颈围与糖代谢异常具有相关性,且在汉族女性中的相关性高于朝鲜族女性.

目的 探讨不同年龄段女性血清中胱抑素C(CysC)与代谢综合征(MS)的相关性.方法 以3112名女性体检者为研究对象,测定血压、血脂、血糖、肾功能、CysC等各项指标,分析不同年龄段女性的CysC与MS相关性.结果 在60岁以下女性中,MS组的年龄、体质指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、CysC水平高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平低于对照组(P<0.001);高浓度的CysC是MS的危险因素(OR=3.384,95％CI:2.074～5.520),调整年龄、TC、LDL-C、尿素氮(BUN)、UA、肌酐(Cr)、GFR后仍是MS的危险因素(OR=1.760,95％CI:1.026～3.018).而60岁及以上女性中,MS组与健康对照组CysC水平组间差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),CysC与BMI、SBP、DBP、FPG、HDL-C等MS相关指标不具有相关关系(P>0.05),CysC浓度与MS患病风险也不存在相关性(OR=0.600,95％CI:0.285～1.264).结论 在60岁以下女性中高浓度CysC是MS的危险因素,而在60岁及以上女性中两者则不存在相关关系.

目的 探讨视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol-binding protein 4,RBP4)和内脂素与非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的相关性.方法 采用2011年于某医院进行体格检查的955名年龄＞25岁成年人中身高等一般指标和谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-glutamyl transferase,GGT)等生化指标完整的780名作为研究对象.分析不同组RBP4和内脂素的血压、肝功能等指标趋势,并采用logistic回归模型分析不同RBP4和内脂素水平与NAFLD患病风险的相关性.结果 NAFLD组RBP4(t 5.892,P＜0.001)、内脂素水平(t=6.788,P＜0.001)均高于正常组,随着RBP4的增加,内脂素水平呈现上升趋势(P趋势＜0.001),随着内脂素的增加,RBP4水平呈现上升趋势(P趋势＜0.001),调整年龄、性别、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、内脂素及肝功等各生化因素后,RBP4水平对NAFLD患病没有影响(OR=1.518,95％CI:0.795～2.899).调整年龄、性别、BMI、RBP4及肝功能等各生化因素后,内脂素仍是NAFLD的危险因子(OR=2.268,95％CI:1.117～4.606).结论 RBP4与NAFLD密切相关,但不是独立的危险因素.内脂素是NAFLD的独立影响因素.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that seriously threatens human health and wellbeing, thereby representing an important public health problem. At present, it is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and is estimated to become the third greatest cause of death by 2030. In China, the prevalence of COPD is increasing, secondary to an increase in smoking, air pollution and an aging population, resulting in a current the mortality of COPD in China which is higher than the global average. Moreover, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate of COPD in China is still relatively high, with an associated heavy economic burden to patients, their families and society. Unfortunately, current measures for treatment and prevention of COPD in China are not optimal. This primarily results from limited public awareness of COPD and pulmonary function tests amongst residents of China, and the generally poor disease-specific knowledge of primary care doctors. In recent years, a series of preventative strategies have been introduced in China across at the level of national policy, societies and associations, and scientific research. This review focuses upon both the epidemiology of COPD and the current status of preventative and treatment strategies in China.