Tricholoma matsutake, as a rare wild edible mushroom, is popular due to its unique flavor and taste, as well as high nutritional and economic value. Investigating the relationship between the complex structure and in vitro immunological activity of TMP-2a, a novel polysaccharide isolated from T. matsutake, was the aim of this study. The results showed that TMP-2a consisted of six monosaccharides, fucose, glucosamine hydrochloride, galactose, glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid, with molar ratios of 8.8:0.6:23.4:48.1:15.1:4.0 and a molecular weight of 27,749 Da. Furthermore, TMP-2a was mainly composed of →6)-β-Glcp-(1→ with →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ forming the main chain, with a small amount of →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ structural units attached, and the branched chain was mainly composed of β-Glcp-(1→ or a small amount of α-L-Fucp-(1→ as a telosaccharide attached at the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. TMP-2a enhanced the proliferation and phagocytic activity of mouse macrophage RAW264.7, as well as the secretion of NO and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) to a considerable degree, maybe attributable to its glucan structure and the elevated presence of (1→3)-β-D-Glcp glycosidic bonds. This study establishes a basis for the structural identification and comprehensive investigation of the functional activities of T. matsutake polysaccharides while also offering a theoretical framework for the creation of T. matsutake-related food products.

Soil microorganism is an important indicator of soil health and plays a critical role in biogeochemical processes. We collected soil samples from a multi-year in-situ field experiment with two cropping modes (maize monocropping and maize-potato intercropping) subjected to four nitrogen (N) levels (N0, 0 kg·hm-2; N125, 125 kg·hm-2; N250, 250 kg·hm-2; N375, 375 kg·hm-2). By using the Biolog-ECO microplate method, soil microbial metabolic activity, diversity and utilization of six carbon groups were analyzed. The results showed that N application significantly increased the average well color development (AWCD) values, Simpson and Shannon indices, with the highest value at N250 in mono- and inter-cropped soils. Moreover, N application promoted the utilization of amino acids, amines and phenolic compounds, but decreased the utilization of polymers. Compared with monocropping at the same N level, intercropping improved the AWCD values, Simpson and Shannon indices, with a maximal improvement at N250. Intercropping and nitrogen application significantly affected the metabolic activities of the six carbon-source groups. In addition, intercropping improved the utilization of labile carbon sources, such as amino acids and carbohydrates. Results of the redundancy analysis and linear regression showed that intercropping and N application elevated AWCD values by increasing soil temperature, water content, and soil organic carbon content. Therefore, the changes in soil physicochemical properties after intercropping were the main reason for the enhancement of microbial metabolic activity under N application.

随着经济全球化的深入,各界对口译的关注也越来越多.本文只是选取了一个角度--词汇的角度对口译过程中英汉翻译的技巧进行了简要的论述.本文主要从词汇的角度论述了口译过程中的口译技巧,即论述在英汉翻译过程中对词汇的翻译应如何处理.

In order to provide theoretical basis for high quality and scientific fertilization of chrysanthemum,we carried out a field experiment to compare the yeild,ornamental characters and nutrient uptake and accumulation characteristics between'Cedis' and'Country'which are two leading varieties of chrysanthemum in the Netherlands.The results showed that the yield was not significantly different between'Cedis' and'Country'.The harvest rate of'Cedis' reaching the high level of cut-flower quality was significantly higher than that of'Country'.However,'Country'was higher in the fresh weight and stem length relatively.The accumulation amount of nitrogen and potassium in'Cedis' was evidently higher than that of'Country'with increase of 10.80％ and 35.03％,respectively,while that of phosphorus was not different between two chrysanthemum apparently.The total amount of'Cedis' nutrients was K,N,P in decreasing order,and that of'Country'nutrients was P,K,N in increasing order.The requirement of chrysanthemum on nutrients increased to the highest level when chrysanthemum was transplanted after 30-45 d (the stem growth stage-the flower bud differentiation stage).

农村文化产业与乡村旅游产业是21世纪最具有生命力的产业,二者在发展路径、发展内容、发展模式上具有相似之处,由于某些因素的制约,使其发展受限.因此,研究农村文化产业与乡村旅游产业的融合发展以迫在眉睫.本文以河北农村地区为研究对象,分析了制约农村文化产业与乡村旅游产业的因素,在融合路径、融合内容、融合模式上对其进行了探讨.

To provide valuable information for the effective control of weeds,this study investigated the species composition of common exotic weeds in Kunming and analyzed their origin.The recorded 15 1 weed species belonged to 34 families with clear dominance of some of them.The Compositae were represented by 3 1 species,followed by the Poaceae with 22 species and the Cruciferae with 10 species.There were 48 exotic species among the 151 weed species,13 of them belong-ing to Compositae.Twenty-eight exotic species originated from the American continent,ten from Europe and three from Africa.Almost half of the weed species(47.1%)belonged to Compositae,Gramineae,Cruciferae,and Polygonaceae. Similarly,45 .8% of the exotic weed species belonged to Compositae,Amaranthaceae,and Poaceae.Therefore,weeds be-longing to the three families should be especially supervised and effectively controlled within agricultural production.In addition,ecological risks should be assessed and appraised when plants from American continent,especially plants of Compositae,would be introduced.

影响区域乃至整个世界经济发展的重要因素之一就是科技资源.科技资源的配置整合在京津冀一体化发展中发挥着重要的作用.本文分析京津冀科技资源配置的优势与劣势,提出促进京津冀一体化科技资源配置整合的措施.

It is well-known that accuracy is the soul and life of legal language,but fuzzy language also exists in legislative and judicial fields.With the complicated causes,fuzzy language is playing a very important role in the area of law.Meanwhile,the negative impact of legal language has become the obstacle in judicial practice.Therefore,it is crucial to take measures to eliminate fuzzy language so as to maintain the force of law and guarantee the effective enforcement of law.

本试验用紫茎泽兰的花、叶,分别配制成0.125%、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0% 5个梯度的冷、热浸泡液,在26℃下作用于含有马圆线虫虫卵的粪样,隔天取样5g用漂浮法观察记录虫卵孵化情况.结果表明,在26℃时作用8d,高浓度浸泡液中的虫卵(或幼虫/卵壳)的检出数比低浓度高浸泡液中的检出数少,孵出的幼虫不能正常发育.说明紫茎泽兰花、叶浸泡液对马圆线虫卵孵化有抑制作,可作为马粪中马圆线虫幼虫的防治药剂.

Business English refers to a system in which business people take some communicative activities in business environment with selective words,grammars and pragmatic strategies.Business words share almost every feature of common English words,however,they have some special features.The main features of business English words are specialization of common words,application of business terms and usage of ancient words and new terms simultaneously.

The international protection of geographical indications originated from Paris Convention,but TRIPS agreement provided the most comprehensive and highest standard for the protection of geographical indications.This paper analyzes the relevant regulations from international treaties and conventions,and illustrates the recent development about the protection of geographical indications in Doha round negotiation sponsored by WTO and China's stand in the new round of international negotiation in TRIPS agreement.

本文在介绍美国蜂业发展概况的基础上,详细分析了美国对蜂业的支持措施,即提供生产贷款,推广产品出口,监管产品进口,提供完善服务,以及建设强大的协会等,并就此提出对中国蜂业健康发展的启示.

Food safety is very important to people's life and health,people's livelihood,stability of the country and social harmony.Therefore,food safety has become the common concern for all of the countries in the world.The supervising system of American food safety is characterized by complete laws and regulations and highly efficient management,which enables American food to become one of the safest food in the world.Analysis on supervising system of American food safety is crucial to the establishment and perfection of food safety system in China.

Teaching listening skills has become a key area in the continuing development of col- lege English teaching.Based on relevant studies,this paper discusses how to create a model for teaching listening using multimedia in mock circumstances from the perspec- tive of Constructivist Leaming Theory.Also addressed is how to arouse the interest of students and improve their listening ability by creating a three-dimensional environment of watching,listening and speaking.

利用多媒体网络辅助大学英语口语教学,是促进外语教学发展的一种重要手段。本文从多媒体网络辅助口语教学入手,介绍了PGC口语训练法(图片导入与协作式口语训练法),并对其实验结果进行分析和讨论。从实验得出的数据来看,该训练法对学生续话技能和交际能力的提高有较显著的作用。

Rational intercropping can increase not only crop yields,but also iron absorption and utilization and diseases control.There are many reports about the relationship between iron and crop diseases,however,few of them involved intercropping.Therefore,and discuss iron absorption and utilization and crop diseases control in intercropping and the effect of iron upon crop diseases were reviewed and discussed in this paper.

The relationship among N and K concentration and N and K balance in middle leaf of tobacco plant and wild fire disease were investigated in the central Yunnan.The results showed that:(1) when N concentration 4 %,the disease was serious,but its level was decided by the concentration of K,and too high or too low K concentration,the disease incidence and disease index of wild fire were increased;(2)the resistance of tobacco to wild fire disease was reduced when K concentration 2 %;(3)if N/ K ration was not balance,over high or over low,normal growth of tobacco plant might be influenced and the resistance of tobacco to disease was reduced.

采用盆栽试验和田间试验研究了氮钾营养对烟叶衰老过程中内源激素与叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明,随着烤烟中位叶片的成熟,氮、钾养分,叶绿素和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量均呈下降趋势,而脱落酸(ABA)含量则呈直线上升趋势.增施氮、钾肥料可以有效改善叶片氮、钾营养水平,增加叶绿素含量,提高叶片CTK含量,降低ABA含量,从而延缓叶片衰老.分析表明,烤烟叶片氮、钾含量与其叶绿素、CTK及CTK/ABA值呈极显著正相关关系,与ABA呈极显著负相关关系.因此,烤烟叶片内源激素的含量及其平衡关系与氮、钾营养关系密切,改变氮、钾肥料用量可以调控烤烟叶片的衰老速度.研究还表明,不论单独增施钾肥还是按比例同时增施氮、磷、钾肥,均可提高烟叶含钾量,尤其在烟叶发育前期效果更为突出,即使在钾素供应充足的情况下,成熟叶片中钾的转移能力依然很强.

In this experiment ,we took the clinic test and ectogenesis test with the louses living on the head and neck of chook by using the Pyrethrum flower powder and Pyrethrum MARC. After bathing in the liquid medicine of 0.05g～6.0 g drug /per chook in half an hour, the chook began to seek food, its feather got dryness and had no abnormal responses; there is no effects with pyrethrum dregs 6g/per chook . The insects reduced on the second day after bathing in the liquid drug 0.3 g flower marc/ per chook; and we found no insect on the second day after bathing in the liquid drug 0.4g flower powder /per chook, no louse had be found unto 14th days, either. The ectogenesis test showed that the imago was more sensitive.

随着社会的发展进步,汉语新词语不断出现在我们的日常生活中.怎样进行这些新词语的英译成为摆在我们面前急迫的任务.本文分析了汉语新词语产生的原因,并提出了几种具体的翻译方法,具有一定的理论和实践意义.