以蚕蛹蛋白稳定的Pickering高内相乳液(high internal phase emulsions,HIPEs)为研究对象,评价其在体外胃肠道环境中的稳定特性及负载虾青素的能力,阐明其靶向肠道控释的机理.通过测定粒径分布、Zeta电位以及利用激光粒度分布仪、激光共聚焦扫描电子显微镜、反相高效液相色谱和电泳技术等分析蚕蛹蛋白颗粒及其所稳定的Pickering HIPEs在模拟胃肠道环境中的变化,以及乳液负载虾青素的能力和生物可给性.结果表明:蚕蛹蛋白颗粒可稳定油相体积分数为78％的Pickering HIPEs,其对虾青素的负载率约为88％;该乳液在胃环境中90 min内保持稳定,在肠环境中随消化时间延长逐渐失稳,显著提高了虾青素在肠道的生物可给性;界面蛋白组成表明分子质量为70kDa的蚕蛹蛋白是稳定乳液的主要蛋白,肠消化酶的水解作用是乳液在肠道失稳并释放虾青素的主要原因.本研究为蚕蛹蛋白颗粒稳定的Pickering HIPEs用于口服靶向肠道递送疏水性生物活性物质提供了理论基础,同时为虾青素在食品和保健品领域中的应用提供了新的可能.

该试验以腥味值为评价指标,对比加热脱腥法、包埋脱腥法与遮蔽脱腥法的脱腥效果,确定最佳脱腥温度、脱腥时间、脱腥工艺;以包埋-加热复合脱腥法、掩盖-加热复合脱腥法,采用正交试验对小球藻生长因子液脱腥工艺进行优化.最终通过气相-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-lon mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)对样品脱腥前后进行分析.结果表明,0.03 g/100mLβ-环糊精在50℃下加热90 min时,小球藻生长因子液腥味值最低为3.3分;1.0 g/100mL茉莉花粉在40℃下加热60 min时,小球藻生长因子液腥味值最低为1.8分;2.0 g/100mL绿茶提取物在50℃下加热90 min时,小球藻生长因子液腥味值最低为2.3分,并通过LAV软件对样品挥发性物质(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)、指纹图谱进行比对.为小球藻生长因子风味饮料的生产应用提供了技术和理论支持.

本文采用气相离子-迁移谱联用技术(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS),结合电子鼻分析方法,对市场上12个具有代表性的螺蛳粉和螺蛳鸭脚煲进行检测,通过LAV软件对样品挥发性物质的主成分、指纹图谱、相似度加以分析.电子鼻分析显示,螺蛳粉与螺蛳鸭脚煲挥发性物质差异主要源自氮氧化物、甲基类化合物;GC-IMS结果显示,三组样品共发现134个挥发性组分(volatile organic compounds,VOCs),在已定性的38个VOCs中,有33种物质均在螺蛳粉与螺蛳鸭脚煲检测到,造成差异的5个物质来自醛类和酯类;电子鼻和GC-IMS分析结果均表明,螺蛳粉与螺蛳鸭脚煲VOCs相似,相似度得分达到同类食品标准.研究表明,GC-IMS不仅可以通过"指纹"准确直观地分析样品共同及差异特征,而且可通过相似度得分具体量化样品之间的差异大小,此方法在样品风味差异分析中具有优势,但受限于定性普库不全,目前仍需结合其他成熟的风味研究方法.

仪器分析实验是高校化工、食品等专业学生的一门必修课程,通过该门课程的学习使学生掌握先进的仪器分析技术.在应用型转型背景下对该门课程的学习提出了新的要求.为提高该门课程的教学质量,对仪器分析实验课程等一系列的改革措施:整合学校资源,优化教学内容、转变教学方式等.通过完善该课程教与学的方法,来提高学生实践应用方面的综合能力.

以工业化螺蛳鸭脚煲产品中的分包装鸭脚作为研究对象,主要利用质构仪、色差仪等分析测试手段对色差、剪切力、复水性进行测定并辅以感官评定,以此研究不同油炸温度(220、230、240、250 ℃)和油炸时间(3、4、5 min)对其品质的影响.实验结果表明:随着油炸温度的升高、油炸时间的延长,鸭脚的红度值显著上升,黄度值先升高再下降,亮度值逐渐下降趋于平稳(P＜0.5);油炸鸭脚剪切力和咀嚼性在油炸过程中呈先下降再上升的趋势;鸭脚吸汁率随温度上升逐渐增加(P＜0.5);并在240 ℃、4 min时得到了最高的感官评价值.综上所述,不同的油炸温度和油炸时间对鸭脚的品质有显著影响,油炸鸭脚最优工艺为240 ℃、4min.

Volatile flavor components and astringent characteristic substances in pearl shell Pinctada martensii were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction－gas chromatography－smell－mass spectrometry( HS/SPME－GC－O－MS) in combination with relative odor activity value method. The results showed that 48 kinds of volatile compounds were identified by fresh and mature pearl shellfish using NIST and WILLEY library search, including 9 kinds of ketones, 10 kinds of hydrocarbons, 14 kinds of aldehydes, 3 kinds of furans and 7 kinds of alcohols, 2 kinds of aromatic substances, 1 type of ethers, 1 type of esters, and 1 type of monoterpenes, 33 types in fresh pearl shellfish and 32 types in mature pearl shellfish. Combined with GC－O－MS and ROAV method, 9 kinds of astrin-gent characteristic substances were found, namely furfural, octanal, 2－undecone, 1－octene－3－ol, benzaldehyde , heptaldehyde, hexanal, 3－octanone, and methoxy－phenyl－oxime. The findings show that headspace solid phase microextraction－gas chromatography－smell－mass spectrometry combined with relative odor activity value method can accurately analyze the flavor components of the pearl shell before and after ripening and find out astringent characteristic substances, which provides basic data for the formation mechanism of pearly flesh and the develop-ment of dislocation technology.

目的:研究利用大孔吸附树脂从白果壤果实中分离纯化苯乙醇苷的工艺.方法:通过静态吸附试验,比较了4种不同类型大孔树脂对白骨壤果实中苯乙醇苷的吸附及解吸附性能,通过动态吸附试验确定了最佳纯化工艺参数.结果:DA-201大孔吸附树脂对苯乙醇苷的吸附和解吸效果较为理想,吸附量和解吸率分别为61.84 mg/g和81.80％.DA-201大孔吸附树脂对苯乙醇苷的最佳动态吸附参数为上样液浓度为6.308 mg/mL,控制上样流速为1.5 BV/h,60％的乙醇溶液解吸DA-201大孔吸附树脂的解吸率最高.放大试验发现,饱和吸附量为44.156 mg/mL,8 BV时基本解吸完成(60％乙醇),获得的苯乙醇苷纯度为38.22％.结论:采用DA-201大孔吸附树脂能够高效分离纯化白骨壤果实中苯乙醇苷.

Rhizophora stylosa is an evergreen tree with prop roots, and a common tree found in tropical coastal mangrove forests, widely distributed in tropical coastal mudflats.As a typical representative of the mangrove, R.stylosa has rich endophytic diversity with little research.The study objects of R.stylosa were collected from Shankou National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China.From stem, root, leaf and other tissues, seventeen endophytes were isolated with the dilution coating method and the three-wire method.We Observed their morphological characteristics, 16S rRNA and Venny Chart were utilized to analyze the diversity of their endogenous bacterial.Depending on the results of diversity analysis, we could find that these strains have different morphological characteristics and they could classified into three doors, seven genera, five families and eight species.Further analysis showed that endophytic bacteria groups of R.stylosa root, stem, leaf and other organizations vary different, only one same genus was Mangrovibacter plantisponsor.Micromonospora and Mangrovibacter genus were its dominant bacteria, the proportion was 29.4% and 17.6%, respectively.Among them, the most endophytic bacteria within the root, the proportion was 47.1%.Seventeen strains belong to three doors, wherein the most number of bacteria were Proteobacteria, accounting for 52.9%, then Actinomycetes door accounted for 41.2%.In those isolated strains, three strains of bacterial species with the full-length 16S rRNA gene similarity less than 97%, may be possible new genera or new genus and had potential research value.Vibrio parahaemolyticus was a zoonotic bacteria caused some damage to uman health, severe cases even death.To test anti Vibrio parahaemolyticus activity of the crude extract of strains isolated, we used filter paper method, and the results indicated that three strains(H003, H009, H013, 5 mg·mL-1) had a strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, their inhibition zone could reach (8.4±0.07), (8.2±0.07), and (8.3±0.14) mm, respectively.Endophytic bacteria of Rhizophora stylosa were genetically diverse and most of them showed strong inhibition effect against Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The results provides the essential material basis for the further study of its chemical diversity and utilization of resources.

The antioxidant activities of alcohol extract and different polar parts of Sonneratia apetala fruits were studied.The ethanol extract was obtained bv the addition of ethanol,and then successively extract by ethyl acetateand,butanol and the remaining liquid was collected to obtain n-butanol phase,ethyl acetate phase and aqueous phase residue.The antioxidant activity of all extracts were evaluated by superoxide anion radical,DPPH free radical,ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability and reducing ability.The results showed that all test samples had antioxidant activities and showed significant dose-effect relationship.Alcohol extraction showed medium antioxidant activity in the determination of DPPH radical scavenging and reducing ability.The ethyl acetate phase exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical,ABTS+ free radical scavenging and reducing ability,its DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 =1.69 pg· mL-1) was obviously stronger than positive control vitamin E(IC50 =6.06 μg· mL-1),and its superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (IC50 =0.35 mg· mL-1)showed no difference from control(IC50 =0.30 mg·mL-1).

为比较碳酸法和亚硫酸法两种典型工艺过程糖物料的蛋白质含量差异,测定了两种工艺各段糖物料的蛋白质含量.试验表明,采用考马斯亮蓝法,波长595nm,反应时间10～30min,标准蛋白质溶液线性关系、精密度、重现性、加标回收试验表现良好;制糖清净过程能除去约94％～98％的蛋白质,碳酸法工艺蛋白质除去率较高;后序工段的蛋白质含量按精糖浆、粗糖浆、甲原蜜、乙原蜜依次升高,精糖浆比粗糖浆蛋白质低约10％ ～30％,甲原蜜比乙原蜜低约30％～50％,碳酸法厂各相应物料蛋白质含量都低于亚硫酸法厂.

Pullulan fermented with raw sugar exhibited a prosperous future for sugar deeper processing. The present research investigated pullulan production under different carbon resource fromAureobasidium pullulans, and results showed that pullulan production with raw sugar as carbon resource was 16%~53% higher than that cultured in sugar, glucose, raw sugar or starch, accompanied with a reduced pullulan color value. Besides, a further culture optimization was conducted using orthogonal test, and the final pullulan production and the sugar conversion rate reached to 12.39 g/L and 26.65%, respectively.

This paper studied the difference of coloring components in cane sugar of sulphitation process, cabonatation process, and the two step process. It is very important to study the law of non-sugar coloring impurities and find their relationship to sugar color. By measuring phenol, iron, and amino nitrogen content in typical white granulated sugar of different color level from different method in the crushing season, this study analyzed the main color component’s distribution regularities in the sugar. Results showed that, with the increasing of phenol, iron, amino nitrogen content, the color (IU) of white granulated sugar for different method trended to increase. The color components content were different while the sugar product was from the same factory in different crushing stage, and the color components content are different while the sugar product is from the same crushing stage and color level in different factory.

采用纯培养法对广西茅尾海海域海洋沉积物中的细菌进行分离纯化,得到24株可培养海洋细菌.采用基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对其中13株细菌进行多样性研究,发现分属于4门5属13种,其中菌株QZ-16与Formosa spongicola A2T最接近,相似比为95.5％,初步可判断为新的Formosa菌种属.利用滤纸片法对菌株的抑制病原或致病菌活性进行初步筛选,发现其中10株细菌对4株指示菌具有抑制作用.采用卤虫致死法测试菌株的生物毒活性,试验结果表明,其中3株菌株具有较强的卤虫致死活性,其余菌株活性较弱或无活性.

【Objective】To investigate the diversity and bioactive of culturable bacteria isolated from the sea bed mud at coral reef nearby the Xieyang island.【Methods】Cultivated marine bacteria were isolated from the sea bed mud at coral reef nearby the Xieyang island by using conventional culture-dependent method and their diversity was investigated by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16 SrRNA gene sequence comparisons.Activities of the crude extract of isolated strains were tested through filter paper method and Brine shrimp lethality.【Results】We isolated 53 bacterial strains from the sample on media(2216E, NA and ISP2)supplement with seawater.On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics,we selected27 strains to perform a phyloenetic analysis based on16 SrRNA gene sequences.Results showed that 27 isolated strains represented 2phyla.Activity results showed that the crude extract of 21 isolated strains,using four indicator bacteria as control,showed ef-fective antibacterial activity,and 10 strains showed significant brine shrimp lethality.The antibacterial activity and toxicology activity of X-15 is better than that of the other strains,which shows it is great potential to be a new natural food preservatives and anti-cancer drug.【Conclusion】Bacterial resources in coral reef nearby the Xieyang island was rich.

【Objective】To investigate the diversity and bioactive of culturable bacteria isolated from the sea bed mud at the mangrove zone of Baihutou,Beihai city.【Methods】Cultivated marine bacteria were isolated from the sea bed mud at the mangrove zone of Baihutou by using conventional culture-dependent method,and then investigate their diversity by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16 SrRNA gene sequence comparisons.Activities of the crude extract of strains were isolated and tested through filter paper method and Brine shrimp lethality.【Results】17bacterial strains were isolated from the sample in media(2216E,NA and ISP 2)supplement with seawater.According to morphological and biochemical characteristics,9strains were selected to perform a phyloenetic analysis based on their 16 S rRNA gene sequences.Results showed that 9strains isolated represented 9species,5strains were the Firmicutes(55.6%)and 4strains were the Proteobacteria(44.4%).The crude extract of 5strains(BH-7,9,11,13,14,15)were shown antibacteria activity,and 2strains(BH-5,15)showed obvious brine shrimp lethality. The BH-15 showed both activities.【Conclusion】Cultivatedmarine bacteria isolated from the sea bed mud at the mangrove zone of Baihutou,Beihai city,showed their potential value to the development of new drugs.

In order to investigate the novel cane juice clarification process through the clear and turbid juice distributary, the conventional parameters and contents of mineral components and amino acids of the first expressed juice, second expressed juice and mixed juice were determined and their differences investigated. The standard analytical method for cane suagr process incorporating the ICP-AES , the amino acid analyzer etc. was adopted. The result showed that compared with the first expressed juice , the purity of the mixed juice was lower by 1.53 Gp, the value of color higher by 35.21%(3 358 IU560), the inorganic component higher by 16.59%, the content of amino acid higher by 19.00%, and the purity of the second expressed juice was lower by 5.22 Gp , the value of color higher by 60.24%(5 745 IU560), the inorganic component higher by 58.07%, the content of amino acid higher by 41.11%. The quality of the first expressed juice was better than that of the mixed juice and was significantly superior to that of the second expressed juice. The non-sugars were mainly remained in the second expressed juice.

[Objective]To investigate the diversity and biotoxicity of culturable actinomycetes isolated from GorgonianAnthogorgia caerulea collected at the Xieyang island.[Methods]Cul-tivated marine bacteria were isolated from Gorgonian Anthogorgia caerulea collected at the Xieyang island by using conventional culture-dependent method,and then investigate their di-versity by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons.Ac-tivities of the crude extract of strains isolated were tested through brine shrimp lethality.[Results]We isolated 23 bacterial strains from the sample in media(2216E,NA and ISP2 ) supplement with seawater.On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics,we selected 23 strains to perform a phyloenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that there were 2 subclass,9 family,9 genus and 23 species.Activity results showed that the crude extract of 1 0 strains showed obvious brine shrimp lethality.[Conclu-sion]Gorgonian Anthogorgia caerulea collected at the Xieyang island showed high diversity of actinomycetes,and some of them showed obvi- <br> ous biotoxicity against brine shrimp.

以珍珠母贝肉为原料,前处理后进行酶解,以腥味、苦味为指标,采用酵母和β-环糊精作为脱腥脱苦剂进行风味调整.正交实验影响因素为处理温度、处理时间及添加比例,正交优选的基础上进行复合实验.实验表明,最佳脱腥脱苦条件为:添加4.5％β-环糊精,60℃下水浴40min;添加酵母2.0％,50℃下水浴40min.复合脱腥脱苦的最佳步骤为:先用酵母处理,再利用β-CD.酶解液经过脱腥脱苦后,再加以山楂汁、红枣汁等进行口味调配,获得良好口感的珍珠母贝营养口服液产品.

In this paper,the enzymatic hydrolysis of the muscle of pearl oyster is studied by measuring the concentration of aminophenol nitrous in the hydrolyzed oyster solution under different conditions. On the basis of single factor experiments,the enzymatic hydrolysis process conditions is optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results shows that alkaline protease and trypsin is the best protamex enzymatic hydrolysis among the examined three enzymes( the neutral protease,alkaline protease and trypsin).The optimization conditions include: the ratio of alkaline protease to trypsin 3 ∶ 2,temperature 50 ℃,pH7.5,time 4h. In this condition enzymatic liquid amino nitrogen content was 6.417 mg /ml.

为了深入了解超声场对木薯淀粉结构影响,采用电镜扫描、X-射线衍射、红外光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱等手段分析超声场对木薯淀粉颗粒形貌和谱学性质的变化规律.结果表明:经超声处理的木薯淀粉颗粒形貌受到不同程度的破坏,随着超声处理时间的增加,淀粉颗粒表面出现的裂缝或凹陷数量增加;X-射线衍射谱图显示木薯淀粉结晶结构没有明显变化,超声处理主要作用在木薯淀粉的无定形区;红外光谱显示随着超声处理时间的增加,3200～3600 em-1之间的-OH吸收峰变得越来越宽,越来越不对称,说明淀粉颗粒的缔合-OH受到一定程度破坏;淀粉-碘复合物紫外可见吸收光谱证明了超声波使淀粉分子链发生了一定程度的降解,使最大吸收波长向短波长方向移动,蓝值变小.